Period 9

Question 1

Proposition 13

Answer 1

Cali: dramatic cut of taxes, basis for Reagan tax cuts.

Question 2

Supply-side economics (Reaganomics)

Answer 2

massive tax cuts for individuals and businesses to simulate investment and production

Question 3

​moral majority and religious right

Answer 3

politically active religious conservatives: against feminism, abortion, pornography, homosexuality

Question 4

Regents of the University of California v. Bakke

Answer 4

race can be considered in college applications, but racial quotas cannot.

Question 5

limits to Roe V. Wade

Answer 5

Reagan: allowed states to impose certain restrictions (e.g. minors notifying parents)

Question 6

military buildup

Answer 6

Reagan: new weapons systems.

Question 7

Iran-Contra affair

Answer 7

Sandinistas (socialist): democratically elected group in Nicaragua (accused of threatening U.S. business interests)

Question 8

glastnost

Answer 8

increased transparency and freedom of speech in USSR

Question 9

Perestroika

Answer 9

economic and political reform to revive the USSR

Question 10

“dont ask, dont tell”

Answer 10

Clinton policy on lgbtq members in military

Question 11

Persian Gulf War

Answer 11

the 1991 war between Iraq and a U.S.-led international coalition

Question 12

Clinton’s Anti-Crime Bill

Answer 12

funding for police protection and crime prevention, banned most assault rifles (angered NRA)

Question 13

NAFTA

Answer 13

free trade zone: canada, U.S., mexico

Question 14

Apple, microsoft

Answer 14

high tech companies, rise of technology

Question 15

Clinton Impeachment

Answer 15

Perjury and obstruction of justice, affair with White House intern Monica Lewinsky, acquitted

Question 16

european union (EU)

Answer 16

a political and economic union of European countries (Post WWII democracy)

Question 17

Globalization

Answer 17

Increase in trade, communication, and capital movement across nations. Led to rise of global/regional economic groups like WTO, IMF, and World Bank.

Question 18

Group of Eight (G-8)

Answer 18

Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, UK, US. Controlled 2/3 of world wealth. Faced tension from rising economies (China, India, Brazil) & poor nations hurt by globalization.

Question 19

Immigration Reform and Control Act

Answer 19

Tried to regulate immigration and stop illegal entry, especially from Mexico. Criticized for granting amnesty to some undocumented immigrants.

Question 20

No Child Left Behind

Answer 20

Bush-era law requiring yearly standardized tests. Students were allowed to transfer to better schools (limit poor and rich divide)

Question 21

Tech Boom & Market Crash

Answer 21

Investors flooded internet startups. Bubble burst in 2000, causing big stock losses and failed companies.

Question 22

Roots of Terrorism

Answer 22

U.S. support for Israel and military presence in the Middle East fueled anti-Americanism.

Question 23

September 11, 2001

Answer 23

Al-Qaeda hijacked 4 planes, hitting the Twin Towers, Pentagon, and Pennsylvania. Nearly 3,000 died; public opinion gave bush the power to act

Question 24

War in Afghanistan

Answer 24

U.S. invaded after Taliban refused to hand over bin Laden. Taliban fell fast, but bin Laden escaped; Afghanistan stayed unstable and divided.

Question 25

Bush Doctrine

Answer 25

Policy after 9/11 allowing preemptive military strikes against threats. Rejected Cold War deterrence; aimed to stop terrorism and WMDs.

Question 26

Operation Iraqi Freedom (2003)

Answer 26

U.S. invaded Iraq without U.N. backing to oust Saddam. No WMDs found; war led to insurgency, criticism, and global backlash.

Question 27

Return of Democrats

Answer 27

Iraq War, Katrina, and scandals hurt Bush. Democrats won Congress; Bush still shaped courts with Roberts & Alito.

Question 28

Great Recession

Answer 28

Housing bubble burst → bank failures, unemployment, panic. Gov’t passed TARP ($700B) to rescue banks; crisis compared to Great Depression.

Question 29

Auto Bailout & “Cash for Clunkers”

Answer 29

Gov’t rescued GM & Chrysler during bankruptcy. “Cash for Clunkers” gave $3B to boost car sales and fuel efficiency.

Question 30

Obamacare (Affordable Care Act, 2010)

Answer 30

Expanded health insurance with mandates, subsidies, and protections for preexisting conditions. Faced major conservative opposition.

Question 31

Arab Spring (2010–2011)

Answer 31

Pro-democracy protests toppled regimes in Tunisia, Libya, Egypt, and Yemen. U.S. backed protesters, but Obama faced criticism for not acting more in Syria/Libya.

Question 32

Partisan Budget Conflicts

Answer 32

Congress clashed over spending cuts and Obamacare, causing a 2013 shutdown. No long-term budget deals until 2015.

Question 33

Gay Rights & Obergefell v. Hodges

Answer 33

“Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell” repealed (2010). SCOTUS ruled in Obergefell that same-sex marriage is protected by the 14th Amendment.

Question 34

1965 Immigration and Nationality Act

Answer 34

quotas were eliminated for much of the world, resulting in Increased immigration from Latin America and Asia