Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

APUSH > Period 6 1865-1900 2/18/2025 > Flashcards

Period 6 1865-1900 2/18/2025 Flashcards

(90 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What did Cleveland believe regarding government?

A

Frugal and limited government in the tradition of Thomas Jefferson

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What significant system did Cleveland implement?

A

A new civil service system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What types of bills did Cleveland veto?

A

Private pension bills for those falsely claiming to have served or injured in the War

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What was the significance of the Interstate Commerce Act of 1887?

A

It was the federal government’s first effort to regulate business

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What was the purpose of the Dawes Act of 1887?

A

Reformers hoped it would benefit Native Americans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How many acres of government land were retrieved from cattle ranchers and railroads?

A

81 million acres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Fill in the blank: Cleveland signed into law the _______ which was the federal government’s first effort to regulate business.

A

Interstate Commerce Act of 1887

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Fill in the blank: The _______ was aimed at benefiting Native Americans.

A

Dawes Act of 1887

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What event prompted Congress to remove certain government jobs from party patronage?

A

Public outrage over Pres. Garfield’s assassination in 1881

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What did the Pendleton Act of 1881 establish?

A

It set up the Civil Service Commission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How were applicants for classified federal jobs selected according to the Pendleton Act?

A

On the basis of their scores on a competitive examination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What was prohibited for civil servants under the Pendleton Act?

A

Making political contributions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Initially, the Pendleton Act applied to what percentage of federal employees?

A

10%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What happened to the classification of federal jobs over time?

A

The system was expanded until most federal jobs were classified

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the significance of classified jobs in relation to politicians?

A

They were taken out of the hands of politicians

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How did politicians adapt to the reform brought by the Pendleton Act?

A

They depended less on party workers and more on the rich to fund their campaigns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

True or False: The issue of campaign funding by the rich versus party workers is still debated today.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Fill in the blank: The Pendleton Act was aimed at removing certain government jobs from _______.

A

party patronage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What was one of the most hotly debated issues of the era?

A

Whether or not to expand the money supply

This debate was significant during the industrial age.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What did the money question reflect during the industrial age?

A

The growing tension between the ‘haves’ and the ‘have-nots’

This tension was particularly evident among different economic classes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Who wanted more money in circulation?

A

Debtors, farmers, and start-up businesses

They believed it would help them borrow at lower interest rates.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What did many Americans blame for restricting the money supply after the Panic of 1873?

A

The gold standard

This was seen as a cause of the depression.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What did easy or soft money advocates campaign for?

A

More paper money (greenbacks) and unlimited minting of silver coins

This was aimed at expanding the supply of U.S. currency.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Who stood for sound, or hard, money?

A

Bankers, creditors, investors, and established businesses

They preferred currency backed by gold.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is hard sound money backed by?
Gold stored in government vaults ## Footnote This backing is intended to maintain the currency's value.
26
Why would dollars backed by gold likely hold their value?
They would be more likely to hold their value against inflation ## Footnote This is due to the limited supply of gold.
27
What did big holders of money understand about the economy and population growth?
A limited number of gold-backed dollars would gain in value ## Footnote This understanding influenced their support for the gold standard.
28
By how much did the dollar increase in value between 1865 and 1897?
As much as 300% ## Footnote This increase was anticipated due to the limited supply of gold-backed currency.
29
What are Greenbacks?
Paper money not backed by gold or silver issued by the federal government in the 1860s ## Footnote Issued as emergency measures for financing the Civil War.
30
Why were Greenbacks significant for farmers?
Farmers gained a lot of Greenbacks, and the government's attempt to withdraw them would cause financial loss for farmers ## Footnote Northern farmers associated Greenbacks with prosperity due to high prices during the war.
31
What was the reaction of creditors and investors to Greenbacks?
They attacked the use of paper money not backed by gold or silver as a violation of natural law.
32
What legislation did Congress pass in 1875 regarding Greenbacks?
The Specie Resumption Act, which withdrew the last of the Greenbacks from circulation.
33
What was the Greenback Party?
A political party formed by supporters of paper money.
34
How many votes did Greenback candidates receive in the 1878 congressional elections?
Nearly 1 million votes.
35
How many members were elected to Congress from the Greenback Party in 1878?
14 members.
36
Who was a notable Greenback candidate?
James Weaver of Iowa.
37
What happened to the Greenback Party after the hard times of the 1870s?
The Greenback Party died out.
38
What was the ongoing goal of the Greenback Party after its decline?
To increase the amount of money in circulation.
39
What did Congress do in the 1870s regarding silver?
Stopped the coining of silver ## Footnote This was part of a broader monetary policy shift during that time.
40
What event revived demands for the use of silver?
Silver discoveries in Nevada ## Footnote These discoveries led to increased calls for expanding the money supply.
41
What was the Bland-Allison Act?
A compromise law passed in 1878 allowing limited coinage of silver ## Footnote It allowed between $2 million and $4 million in silver each month at a 16 to 1 ratio.
42
What was the silver-to-gold ratio established by the Bland-Allison Act?
16 to 1 ## Footnote This ratio was set for the limited coinage of silver.
43
Who continued to press for unlimited coinage of silver?
Farmers, debtors, and western miners ## Footnote They were not satisfied with the limitations set by the Bland-Allison Act.
44
What was the purpose of the high tariff enacted during the Civil War?
To protect U.S. industry and fund the Union government ## Footnote High tariffs were a means to stimulate economic growth.
45
What was the disagreement between western farmers and eastern capitalists regarding tariffs?
Whether tariff rates on foreign imports should be high or low ## Footnote This disagreement highlighted the regional economic interests.
46
What was one consequence of the high tariffs after the Civil War?
Other nations retaliated with their own taxes on U.S. farm products ## Footnote This led to a loss of overseas market share for American farmers.
47
How did high tariffs affect American farmers?
Created surpluses of corn and wheat, resulting in lower farm prices and profits ## Footnote Farmers struggled due to reduced market access and increased competition.
48
True or False: Southern Democrats supported high tariffs after the Civil War.
False ## Footnote Southern Democrats objected to high tariffs because they raised consumer goods prices.
49
What began to lose their hold on voters by the late 1880s?
The politics of stalemate and complacency
50
What issues were contributing to discontent among Americans in the late 1880s?
Government corruption, the money issue, tariffs, railroads, and trusts
51
What did politicians begin to do in response to public concerns?
Take small steps to respond
52
What was necessary to shake the Democrats and Republicans into taking action?
A third party - the Populists - and a major depression in 1893
53
Fill in the blank: Discontent over government corruption, the money issue, tariffs, railroads, and _______ was growing.
trusts
54
True or False: The Populists were the only factor that led to action from the Democrats and Republicans.
False
55
What political issue did President Cleveland challenge toward the end of his first term?
The high protective tariff ## Footnote Cleveland's challenge created a political storm.
56
What did President Cleveland propose regarding tariff rates?
Lower tariff rates ## Footnote This proposal was made because there was a growing surplus in the federal treasury.
57
Why did President Cleveland believe the government didn't need the added tax revenue?
Because there was a growing surplus in the federal treasury ## Footnote This surplus made the high protective tariff unnecessary.
58
What issue did President Cleveland introduce that divided Democrats and Republicans?
The tariff question ## Footnote This was the first significant issue that clearly separated the two parties.
59
Who were the presidential candidates in the election of 1888?
Cleveland and Benjamin Harrison ## Footnote Cleveland campaigned for a lower tariff, while Harrison campaigned for a higher tariff.
60
What was the Republican argument regarding lower tariffs in the 1888 election?
A lower tariff would wreck business prosperity ## Footnote This argument was used to raise campaign funds from big business and to rally workers.
61
How did Republicans use fear in their campaign for the 1888 election?
To raise campaign funds and rally workers ## Footnote Workers in the North were concerned about their jobs depending on U.S. industry.
62
Did Cleveland receive more popular votes than Harrison in the 1888 election?
Yes ## Footnote Despite receiving more popular votes, Cleveland lost the election.
63
Why did Cleveland lose the election of 1888 despite winning the popular vote?
Harrison's sweep of the North gained a majority in the Electoral College ## Footnote Electoral College votes ultimately determine the election outcome.
64
Who was associated with the Billion Dollar Congress?
President Harrison
65
What was unusual about the political control during the Billion Dollar Congress?
Republicans controlled the presidency and both houses of Congress
66
What significant budget did the new Congress pass?
The first billion-dollar budget in U.S. history
67
What was the McKinley Tariff of 1890?
It raised the tax on foreign products to over 48%
68
What increases were made concerning Civil War veterans during the Billion Dollar Congress?
Increases in the monthly pensions to veterans, widows, and children
69
What did the Sherman Antitrust Act do?
Outlawed combinations in restraint of trade
70
What was the purpose of the Sherman Silver Purchase Act of 1890?
Increased the coinage of silver
71
Fill in the blank: The Sherman Silver Purchase Act of 1890 increased the coinage of silver, but in amounts too small to satisfy _______.
[farmers and miners]
72
What significant voting rights bill was passed by the House but defeated in the Senate?
A bill to protect the voting rights of African Americans
73
What economic event was caused by overspending during the Billion Dollar Congress?
The depression in 1893
74
What political shift occurred in the congressional elections of 1890?
Many Republicans were replaced by Democrats, particularly in the Midwest.
75
What factors contributed to voters' discontent with Republicans in 1890?
Unpopular measures passed by Republican state legislatures, such as prohibition of alcohol and Sunday closing laws.
76
Which demographic groups rushed back to the Democrats during the 1890 elections?
Voters who were neither Anglo-Saxon nor Protestant.
77
What stance did the Democrats take that appealed to certain voters in the 1890 elections?
Democrats had not tried to legislate public morality.
78
What was a significant factor in the Republican setbacks of 1890?
Growing agrarian discontent in the South and West ## Footnote This discontent was among farmers who felt marginalized and affected by economic policies.
79
What political party did the Farmer's Alliance movement help to establish?
The People's, or Populist Party ## Footnote The Populist Party aimed to represent the interests of farmers and laborers.
80
In what year did delegates meet in Omaha, Nebraska, to draft a political platform for the Populist Party?
1892 ## Footnote This meeting was crucial for outlining the party's goals and candidates.
81
What was one of the main goals of the Populists regarding economic power?
To address the concentration of economic power in the hands of trusts and bankers ## Footnote The Populists sought reforms to distribute economic power more equitably.
82
What did the Omaha platform call for politically?
Restoration of government to the people through: * Direct election of U.S. Senators * Enacting state laws by voters through initiatives and referendums * Recall of politicians ## Footnote The direct election of Senators led to the 17th Amendment.
83
What does the term 'Recall' refer to in the context of the Populist platform?
The ability to remove a politician or government official from office before their term ends ## Footnote This mechanism was intended to increase accountability among elected officials.
84
What was one of the economic reforms advocated by the Populist Party?
Unlimited coinage of silver to increase the money supply ## Footnote This was aimed at addressing issues of inflation and monetary policy.
85
What type of tax did the Populist platform propose?
A graduated income tax ## Footnote This tax system would impose higher rates on those with greater incomes.
86
What did the Populists advocate for regarding railroads?
Public ownership of railroads by the U.S. government ## Footnote This was intended to prevent monopolistic practices and ensure fair rates for farmers.
87
What did the Populist platform propose for telegraph and telephone systems?
They should be owned and operated by the government ## Footnote This was aimed at providing equitable access and reducing costs for users.
88
What support did the Populists propose for farmers?
Loans and federal warehouses to stabilize prices for their crops ## Footnote This aimed to help farmers manage the volatility of market prices.
89
What labor reform did the Populist platform include?
An 8-hour workday for industrial workers ## Footnote This was part of the broader labor rights movement during this period.
90
What’s the 12th amendment?
Income tax

APUSH (46 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions