Period 7 1898-1945 3/5/2025 Flashcards
(79 cards)
What term did President Theodore Roosevelt use to refer to writers specializing in exposing political corruption?
Muckrakers
Muckrakers focused on underhanded schemes in politics, appealing to middle-class readers.
Who was one of the earliest muckrakers, known for exposing the corruption of Standard Oil?
Henry Lloyd
His book ‘Wealth Against Commonwealth’ was published in 1894.
What was the title of Henry Lloyd’s book that exposed the oil monopoly’s corruption?
‘Wealth Against Commonwealth’
The book highlighted the greed of Standard Oil but did not suggest control measures.
Who founded McClure’s Magazine in 1893?
Samuel McClure
The magazine became successful by publishing muckraking articles.
Which muckrakers contributed articles to McClure’s Magazine?
- Lincoln Steffens
- Ida Tarbell
They exposed various forms of political and economic corruption.
What book did Jacob Riis publish to showcase tenement life?
‘How The Other Half Lives’
Jacob Riis is recognized as one of the first photojournalists.
Fill in the blank: Muckrakers primarily wrote about _______ in politics.
underhanded schemes
This theme attracted middle-class readers.
True or False: Henry Lloyd suggested ways to control the corruption he exposed in Standard Oil.
False
Lloyd’s work highlighted issues but did not provide solutions.
What marked the decline of muckraking popularity after 1910?
Multiple factors contributed to the decline of muckraking, including increased difficulty in topping sensationalism, economic pressures on publishers, and corporations becoming aware of public image.
What challenges did writers face in the muckraking genre after 1910?
Writers found it more difficult to top the sensationalism of the last story.
What economic pressures did publishers face that affected muckraking?
Publishers faced economic pressures from banks and advertisers to tone down their treatment of business.
How did corporations respond to the rise of muckraking by 1910?
Corporations became more aware of their public image and began developing the field of public relations.
What lasting effects did muckraking have on the Progressive era?
Muckraking exposed inequities, educated the public about corruption, and prepared the way for corrective action.
What methods did Progressives advocate for increasing voter participation?
Methods for increasing participation included:
* Political reforms
* Direct primaries
* Secret ballots
* Direct election of senators
These reforms aimed to empower the average citizen in political decision-making.
How could political parties intimidate voters?
Political parties could intimidate voters by printing lists or tickets of party candidates and watching voters drop them into the ballot box.
This practice created pressure on voters to conform to party lines.
What was the first state to adopt a secret ballot system, and when did this happen?
Massachusetts was the first state to adopt a secret ballot system in 1888.
This system was successfully tried in Australia before being implemented in Massachusetts.
By what year was voting done using the secret ballot system in all states?
By 1910, voting in all states was done using the secret ballot system.
This marked a significant reform in protecting voter privacy.
What is the direct primary system introduced by Robert La Follette?
The direct primary system allows voters to directly nominate party candidates by majority vote.
This system was introduced in 1903 in Wisconsin.
Which state was the first to allow voters to elect U.S. senators directly, and in what year?
Nevada was the first state to allow direct election of U.S. senators in 1899.
This was an important step towards increasing democratic participation.
How many states had adopted the direct election of senators by 1912?
By 1912, 30 states had adopted the direct election of senators.
This reform was part of a broader movement for political reform.
What amendment required all U.S. Senators to be elected by popular vote?
The 17th Amendment required all U.S. Senators to be elected by popular vote.
This amendment was adopted in 1913.
What is the initiative?
A method by which voters could compel the legislature to consider a bill
Initiatives are often proposed through amendments to state constitutions.
What is the referendum?
A method allowing citizens to vote on proposed laws printed on ballots
Referendums also arise from amendments to state constitutions.
What does the recall enable voters to do?
Remove a politician from office by majority vote before the official’s term has expired
The recall process is another measure proposed by Progressives to hold politicians accountable.
