Period 7 1898-1945 3/6/2025

Question 1

What was the Socialist Party?

Answer 1

A third party developed in the early 1900s dedicated to the welfare of the working class

The party aimed to address issues affecting the working class through political means.

Question 2

What reforms did the Socialist platform advocate?

Answer 2

More radical reforms than the Progressive favored, including:
* Public ownership of the railroads
* Utilities
* Major industries such as oil and steel

These reforms were aimed at reducing corporate control over essential services and industries.

Question 3

Who was Eugene Debs?

Answer 3

One of the founders of the Socialist Party and its candidate for president in five elections from 1900 to 1920

Debs was a significant figure in American socialism and labor movements.

Question 4

What was Eugene Debs’ background before joining the Socialist Party?

Answer 4

A former railway union leader who adopted socialism while jailed for the Pullman Strike

His experiences in labor disputes influenced his political views and activism.

Question 5

What did Eugene Debs criticize?

Answer 5

He criticized business and supported labor

Debs believed in advocating for workers’ rights and social equity.

Question 6

Which two candidates did the Republicans nominate in the Election of 1912?

Answer 6

President Taft and Theodore Roosevelt

Question 7

Who did the Democrats nominate in the Election of 1912?

Answer 7

Woodrow Wilson

Question 8

Which party nominated Eugene Debs in the Election of 1912?

Answer 8

Socialist Party

Question 9

What did Roosevelt call for in his campaign during the Election of 1912?

Answer 9

New Nationalism

Question 10

What were the key components of Roosevelt’s New Nationalism?

Answer 10

More government regulation of business & unions, women’s suffrage, more social welfare programs

Question 11

What did Wilson pledge in his campaign during the Election of 1912?

Answer 11

New Freedom

Question 12

What were the goals of Wilson’s New Freedom?

Answer 12

Limit big business & big government, bring reform by ending corruption, revive competition by supporting small business

Question 13

Who won the Election of 1912?

Answer 13

Woodrow Wilson

Question 14

Why did Wilson win the election?

Answer 14

People wanted to get rid of monopolies and wanted competition between businesses

Question 15

What did Woodrow Wilson believe about the role of the president?

Answer 15

A president should actively lead Congress and, when necessary, appeal directly to the people for support.

Question 16

What was Wilson’s commitment known as?

Answer 16

New Freedom

Question 17

What did Wilson aim to attack with his New Freedom program?

Answer 17

The triple wall of privilege: tariffs, banking, and trusts.

Question 18

What significant legislation did Wilson pass in 1913 regarding tariffs?

Answer 18

The Underwood Tariff, which substantially lowered tariffs for the first time in over 50 years.

Question 19

What was Wilson’s proposal for banking reform?

Answer 19

A national banking system with 12 district banks supervised by a Federal Reserve Board.

Question 20

What act was passed by Congress in 1914 related to banking?

Answer 20

The Federal Reserve Act.

Question 21

Fill in the blank: Wilson attacked the ‘triple wall of privilege’ which included _______.

Answer 21

tariffs, banking, and trusts.

Question 22

True or False: Wilson accepted the Republican proposal for a private national bank.

Answer 22

False

Question 23

What were the two major pieces of legislation that completed Wilson’s New Freedom program?

Answer 23

Clayton Antitrust Act and Federal Trade Commission

These acts aimed to regulate business practices and protect labor rights.

Question 24

What did the Clayton Antitrust Act strengthen?

Answer 24

Provisions in the Sherman Antitrust Act for breaking up monopolies

It was significant for organized labor as it exempted unions from being prosecuted as trusts.

Question 25

What is the role of the Federal Trade Commission?

Answer 25

To take action against unfair trade practices in every industry except banking and transportation ## Footnote This agency was established to promote fair competition.

Question 26

What did the Federal Farm Loan Act establish in 1916?

Answer 26

Twelve regional federal farm loan banks ## Footnote These banks provided farm loans at low interest rates.

Question 27

What was the purpose of the Child Labor Act enacted in 1916?

Answer 27

To prohibit the shipment in interstate commerce of products manufactured by children under 14 years old ## Footnote This act was favored by settlement house workers and labor unions.

Question 28

What was the outcome of the Supreme Court case 'Hammer v. Dagenhart' in 1918?

Answer 28

The Child Labor Act was found to be unconstitutional ## Footnote This case limited federal power in regulating child labor.

Question 29

What was the focus of Booker T. Washington's Atlanta Exposition speech in 1895?

Answer 29

Blacks' needs for education and economic progress were of foremost importance ## Footnote Washington emphasized the importance of learning industrial skills for better wages.

Question 30

What did Washington believe was necessary before blacks could achieve political and social equality?

Answer 30

A secure economic base ## Footnote He argued that only after achieving economic stability could other goals be pursued.

Question 31

Who was W.E.B. Du Bois?

Answer 31

A northerner with a college education and a famous writer ## Footnote He is known for his book 'The Souls of Black Folk' (1903).

Question 32

What was the main criticism Du Bois had of Washington's approach?

Answer 32

He demanded equal rights for blacks ## Footnote Du Bois believed that political and social rights were essential for economic independence.

Question 33

What does Du Bois argue is a prerequisite for economic independence?

Answer 33

Political and social rights ## Footnote He believed that these rights must be secured first.

Question 34

What methods did Du Bois believe were necessary to gain rights?

Answer 34

Protests or riots, but no violence ## Footnote He emphasized active resistance without resorting to violence.

Question 35

Fill in the blank: Washington believed that blacks should concentrate on learning _______ skills for better wages.

Answer 35

industrial

Question 36

True or False: Du Bois supported Washington's emphasis on economic progress as the sole focus for blacks.

Answer 36

False ## Footnote Du Bois criticized this approach and advocated for equal rights.

Question 37

What was the percentage of African Americans living in the South at the close of the 19th century?

Answer 37

90%

Question 38

In which decade did the migration of African Americans to the North begin?

Answer 38

1910

Question 39

Approximately how many African Americans migrated north between 1910 and 1930?

Answer 39

1 million

Question 40

What is another name for the urban migration of African Americans?

Answer 40

The Great Migration

Question 41

By what year had the ratio of African Americans living in the North steadily increased?

Answer 41

By the 1900s

Question 42

What year was the Niagara Movement founded?

Answer 42

1905 ## Footnote The Niagara Movement was established by W.E.B. Du Bois and a group of black intellectuals.

Question 43

Where did the Niagara Movement meeting take place?

Answer 43

Niagara Falls, Canada ## Footnote The meeting was focused on securing equal rights for blacks.

Question 44

Who was a prominent figure in the founding of the Niagara Movement?

Answer 44

W.E.B. Du Bois ## Footnote Du Bois was influential in discussions regarding civil rights and activism.

Question 45

What organization was founded in 1908 by members of the Niagara Movement?

Answer 45

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) ## Footnote The NAACP was established alongside white progressives to combat segregation.

Question 46

What was the mission of the NAACP?

Answer 46

Abolish all forms of segregation & increase educational opportunities for African-American children ## Footnote The mission reflected the organization's commitment to civil rights.

Question 47

By what year did the NAACP become the nation's largest civil rights organization?

Answer 47

1920 ## Footnote The NAACP had over 100,000 members by this time.

Question 48

True or False: The NAACP was founded solely by black individuals.

Answer 48

False ## Footnote The organization was founded with the help of a group of white progressives.

Question 49

Fill in the blank: The Niagara Movement aimed at securing _______ for blacks.

Answer 49

equal rights ## Footnote The movement was focused on protest and action for civil rights.

Question 50

What was the membership size of the NAACP by 1920?

Answer 50

Over 100,000 members ## Footnote This made it the largest civil rights organization in the nation.

Question 51

Who became the new president of the National American Woman Suffrage Association in 1900?

Answer 51

Carrie Chapman Catt ## Footnote Catt succeeded Susan B. Anthony.

Question 52

What was Carrie Chapman Catt's argument for women's suffrage?

Answer 52

Catt argued for the vote to broaden democracy and empower women to care for their families in an industrial society.

Question 53

What approach did some women adopt to gain the vote during the suffrage movement?

Answer 53

A more militant approach, including pickets, parades, and hunger strikes.

Question 54

Who was the leader that broke from the National American Woman Suffrage Association in 1916?

Answer 54

Alice Paul

Question 55

What organization did Alice Paul form after leaving the National American Woman Suffrage Association?

Answer 55

National Woman's Party

Question 56

What was Alice Paul's focus in her campaign for women's suffrage?

Answer 56

Winning the support of Congress and the president for an amendment to the Constitution.

Question 57

What significant outcome resulted from Alice Paul's efforts?

Answer 57

Congress agreed on the 19th amendment.

Question 58

What does the 19th Amendment guarantee?

Answer 58

Women's right to vote in all elections at the local, state, & national levels.

Question 59

In what year was the 19th Amendment ratified?

Answer 59

1920

Question 60

Who organized the League of Women Voters?

Answer 60

Carrie Chapman Catt

Question 61

What is the purpose of the League of Women Voters?

Answer 61

To keep voters informed about candidates & issues.

Question 62

What event occurred on June 28, 1914, that contributed to the outbreak of war?

Answer 62

Serbian nationalist assassinates Austrian Archduke Ferdinand and his wife ## Footnote This assassination is often cited as the immediate catalyst for World War I.

Question 63

What action did Austria take on July 23, 1914, towards Serbia?

Answer 63

Austria issues an ultimatum to Serbia and invades on July 26th ## Footnote The ultimatum included demands that were intentionally unacceptable to Serbia.

Question 64

Which country mobilized against Austria on July 31, 1914?

Answer 64

Russia, an ally of Serbia ## Footnote Russia's mobilization was seen as a direct threat to Austria-Hungary.

Question 65

What did Germany declare on August 1, 1914?

Answer 65

Germany declares war on Russia ## Footnote This declaration was in support of Austria-Hungary.

Question 66

On August 3, 1914, which country did Germany declare war on?

Answer 66

Germany declares war on France ## Footnote France was an ally of Russia, and this declaration escalated the conflict.

Question 67

What was Germany's military strategy regarding Belgium?

Answer 67

Germany invades Belgium as it's the fastest route to Paris ## Footnote This invasion violated Belgium's neutrality and brought Great Britain into the war.

Question 68

What action did Great Britain take on August 4, 1914?

Answer 68

Great Britain declares war on Germany ## Footnote This declaration was in response to Germany's invasion of Belgium.

Question 69

What are the underlying causes is WW1

Answer 69

Question 70

What did Great Britain's navy declare against Germany?

Answer 70

A blockade ## Footnote The blockade involved seizing ships, including those from neutral nations.

Question 71

What was the consequence of Great Britain's blockade?

Answer 71

Violation of a neutral nation's freedom of the seas

Question 72

What warning did Germany issue regarding ships entering the war zone?

Answer 72

They risk being sunk by submarines

Question 73

What event occurred on May 7, 1915, involving the Lusitania?

Answer 73

German torpedoes hit and sank the British passenger liner

Question 74

Who was aboard the Lusitania when it sank?

Answer 74

British and Americans

Question 75

What was President Wilson's response to the sinking of the Lusitania?

Answer 75

He sent a strongly worded diplomatic message to Germany

Question 76

What did Secretary of State Bryan do in response to Wilson's message?

Answer 76

He objected and resigned from his position

Question 77

What was Bryan's reason for resigning?

Answer 77

He stated the message was too warlike

Question 78

What other ships did Germany sink after the Lusitania?

Answer 78

The Arabic and Sussex

Question 79

What pledge did Germany make regarding unarmed ships?

Answer 79

Not to sink any more unarmed ships

Question 80

What was the first country to use submarine warfare

Answer 80

Germany