Unit 6 1865-1900 2/10/2025

Question 1

What is discrimination?

Answer 1

Unjust or prejudicial treatment of different categories of people.

Question 2

What was the significance of Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)?

Answer 2

It upheld a Louisiana law requiring ‘Separate but equal’ accommodations on railroads.

Question 3

What legal precedent did Plessy v. Ferguson establish?

Answer 3

‘Separate but equal’ doctrine.

Question 4

What laws did the Plessy v. Ferguson decision lead to?

Answer 4

Jim Crow laws.

Question 5

What are Jim Crow laws?

Answer 5

A group of segregation laws adopted by southern states.

Question 6

What was one consequence of the rise of Jim Crow laws?

Answer 6

Loss of Civil Rights for African Americans.

Question 7

What measures contributed to the demise of black voter registration?

Answer 7

Literacy tests, poll taxes, and grandfather clauses.

Question 8

What were the effects of literacy tests on black voter registration?

Answer 8

It disenfranchised many black voters.

Question 9

What is a poll tax?

Answer 9

A fee required to vote, often used to restrict voting access for poor and minority populations.

Question 10

What is a grandfather clause?

Answer 10

A provision that allowed individuals to bypass literacy tests and poll taxes if their ancestors had been eligible to vote before the Civil War.

Question 11

What were the penalties for blacks accused of crimes during this period?

Answer 11

Stiffer penalties compared to their white counterparts.

Question 12

What an example of how segregation was handled in this time period?

Answer 12

Whites and blacks should have the same things but the whites things were superior (White movie theaters v black movie theaters). This was purposeful do the whites can say they were equal

Question 13

What term refers to African Americans who moved to Kansas and Oklahoma?

Answer 13

“Exodusters”

This movement was part of the larger migration of African Americans seeking better opportunities and escaping segregation in the South.

Question 14

Who wrote the black newspaper called Memphis Free Speech?

Answer 14

Ida B. Wells

Wells was a prominent journalist and activist who campaigned against lynching and Jim Crow laws.

Question 15

What was the primary focus of Ida B. Wells’ activism?

Answer 15

Campaigning against lynching and Jim Crow Laws

Her work highlighted the injustices faced by African Americans in the post-Reconstruction era.

Question 16

What institution did Booker T. Washington establish in Tuskegee, Alabama?

Answer 16

An industrial school

This school was aimed at teaching practical skills to African Americans.

Question 17

What organization did Booker T. Washington establish to promote black business?

Answer 17

The Negro Business League

This organization aimed to support and develop black-owned businesses.

Question 18

What was Booker T. Washington’s belief regarding segregation?

Answer 18

To show whites that blacks are smart and on their level

Washington advocated for vocational education as a means to gain respect and reduce segregation.

Question 19

What was the Granger Movement?

Answer 19

The first widespread attempt by farmers to fight against industrial influence

Founded by Oliver Hudson Kelley in 1867

Question 20

Who founded the National Grange of the Patrons of Husbandry?

Answer 20

Oliver Hudson Kelley

Established in 1867

Question 21

Why did farmers feel economically oppressed during the Granger Movement?

Answer 21

Railroads discriminated against the smaller farmer

Question 22

What efforts did the Grangers undertake to improve the farmer’s plight?

Answer 22

Establishing farmer’s cooperatives

Question 23

What was the significance of Munn v. Illinois?

Answer 23

The Supreme Court upheld the right of a state to regulate businesses of a public nature such as railroads

Question 24

What did the Interstate Commerce Act (1886) require regarding railroad rates?

Answer 24

Railroad rates be ‘reasonable and just’

This act aimed to regulate the railroad industry to ensure fair pricing.

Question 25

What agency was established by the Interstate Commerce Act (1886)?

Answer 25

The first federal regulatory agency, the Interstate Commerce Commission ## Footnote This agency was created to oversee railroad operations and enforce regulations.

Question 26

What was the significance of the Supreme Court case Wabash v. Illinois?

Answer 26

Individual states could not regulate interstate commerce ## Footnote This ruling limited state authority over interstate trade and commerce.

Question 27

What effect did the Wabash v. Illinois decision have on the granger laws?

Answer 27

Nullified many of the granger laws ## Footnote The granger laws were state laws designed to regulate railroad rates and practices.

Question 28

Which case did the Wabash v. Illinois decision reverse?

Answer 28

Munn v. Illinois ## Footnote Munn v. Illinois had previously allowed states to regulate certain aspects of interstate commerce.

Question 29

By what year did the US population triple from 23.3 million to 76.2 million?

Answer 29

By the end of the 19th Century

Question 30

What was the immigrant population in the US by 1900?

Answer 30

16.2 million

Question 31

What are some push factors that caused immigration?

Answer 31

* Poverty * Political turmoil * Overcrowding * Religious persecution PROP

Question 32

What are some pull factors that attracted immigrants to the US?

Answer 32

* Land of opportunity * Availability of industrial jobs

Question 33

What distinguishes 'Old' immigrants from 'New' immigrants?

Answer 33

'New' immigrants were primarily from Southern & Eastern Europe

Question 34

What characteristics did many 'New' immigrants share?

Answer 34

* Many were poor and illiterate * Predominantly Catholic, Greek Orthodox, Russian Orthodox, and Jewish

Question 35

What does the term 'birds of passage' refer to in the context of immigration?

Answer 35

Young men saving up money to bring back to their family in their native lands

Question 36

How did many immigrants retain their cultural identity in the US?

Answer 36

By largely retaining old world customs

Question 37

What types of segregated communities did immigrants establish?

Answer 37

* Little Italy's * Chinatowns

Question 38

True or False: Americans embraced immigration with open arms.

Answer 38

False

Question 39

Fill in the blank: By the end of the 19th Century, the US population had _______.

Answer 39

tripled

Question 40

What was ironic about the placement of the Statue of Liberty in 1886?

Answer 40

It symbolized immigration while new laws were restricting it ## Footnote The Statue of Liberty was intended to represent hope and freedom for immigrants arriving in the United States.

Question 41

What was the Chinese Exclusion Act?

Answer 41

An 1882 law that restricted Chinese immigration ## Footnote The Chinese Exclusion Act was the first significant law restricting immigration into the United States.

Question 42

What types of individuals were targeted by immigration restrictions in 1882?

Answer 42

Paupers, criminals, and mentally incompetent individuals ## Footnote These restrictions reflected the prevailing attitudes towards certain groups deemed undesirable.

Question 43

Which groups were involved in efforts to restrict immigration?

Answer 43

* Labor unions * Nativists * Social Darwinists ## Footnote These groups believed that restricting immigration was necessary to protect jobs and maintain social order.

Question 44

True or False: Immigration restrictions completely stopped newcomers from entering the US.

Answer 44

False ## Footnote Despite restrictions, almost 15% of the US population were immigrants.

Question 45

Fill in the blank: In 1886, the Statue of Liberty was placed on its pedestal in NY Harbor, symbolizing _______.

Answer 45

[immigration]

Question 46

What percentage of the US population were immigrants around the time of the Statue of Liberty's placement?

Answer 46

Almost 15% ## Footnote This statistic highlights the significant presence of immigrants in the US despite restrictive laws.