Period 7 (1890-1945) Flashcards
Mod 7-10
What developments directly pulled the US out of the Great Depression?
Carlos Gutierrez
The onset of World War 2. The United States had to fully mobilize for war. In order to achieve this, FDR established the War Production Board which essentially oversaw the economy and transformed into a war economy. This gave businesses large autonomy and military production soared over 800 percent. This increased production required immense government spending which also contributed to stimulating the economy. Conscription into the military greatky helped reduce unemployment by recruiting 7 million unemployed people. Unemployment decreased from a whopping 8 million to a mere 1 million. This substantial decrease in unemployment and increase in industrial production, was instrumental to fueling economic growth. The US GDP grew from 900 billion in 1939 to around 1.5 trillion in 1945.
Mod 7-8
What were mid to long term impacts of the New Deal?
Carlos Gutierrez
National Labor Relations Act also known as the Wagner Act (1935) - This act primarily sponsered by Senator Robert F. Wagner established the National Labor Relations Board to deal with relations between owners and workers. It was heavily pro union as it focused on protecting laborer’s rights to organize unions without owner interferance. Moderately contributed to the growth of union membership, from 6 percent of workers in 1929 to a whopping 33 percent in 1940.
Social Security Act (1935)- America essentially became a limited welfare state as it provided a social net for most Americans. People over the age of 65 were largely eligible for retirement pensions funded from payroll taxes. Temporarily unemployed people recieved unemployment insurance. Finally disabled people and single parent children recieved welfare payments.
New Deal for African Americans- FDR appointed black people such as Mary McLeod Bethune and Robert Weaver to head New Deal Agencies. Establishment of the “Black Cabinet” to advise FDR on racial affairs. Establishment of Civil Liberties Unit in DOJ to deal with racial discrimination. Very instrumental to triggering a party shift where African American voters flocked en masse to the Democratic Party, a trend that has lasted till this day
Mod 7-6
What was the immediate cause of the Great Depression?
Carlos Gutierrez
Black Tuesday (October 29, 1929) - the New York Stock Exchange crashed as result of failure of speculative stock buying prices. During the roaring 20’s, stock prices were immensly increasing and investors obtained stocks by obtaining loans with a generous down payment. Stocks tumbled down in October and investors were unable to pay their loans. Banks were unable to deal with this overextension of payment and they were next in this domino effect that caused the global Great Depression.
Mod 7-1
Which key reformer founded the Women’s Christian Temperance Union?
Frances Willard
Mod 7-4
Which two federal acts limited freedom of speech and protest during the First World War?
Ben Volk
Espionage Act (1917) and Sedition Act (1918)
Mod 7-9
What was one early example of German expansionism leading up to the start of WWII?
Ben Volk
Munich Accord (1938)
What was Black Tuesday and why was it significant?
Ethan Xia
On Black Tuesday, October 29, 1929, the United States stock market crashed, beginning a chain of events that led to the Great Depression.
Who were the Axis Powers?
Ethan Xia
The alliance between Germany, Japan, and Italy during WWII.
When was the Treaty of Versailles signed, and what were its impacts?
Ethan Xia
The Treaty of Versailles was signed in 1919. The treaty stripped Germany of its military, forced Germany to repair war damages and acknowledge guilt for causing WWI, and prevented Germany from manufacturing weapons.
Module 7-2
What did the Clayton Antitrust Act (1914) do?
Jessica Zhao
- banned corporate operations undermining economic competition (e.g. price discrimination)
- strengthened Sherman Antitrust Act
Module 7-4
Which 2 acts responded toward WWI by limiting freedom of speech?
Jessica Zhao
- Espionage Act: prohibit antiwar activities
- Sedition Act: punish those expressing hostiile opinions toward the US
Module 7-8
Who was Charles E. Coughlin?
Jessica Zhao
- critic of the New Deal
- spoke about the evils of the New Deal (e.g. catering to the greedy) on the radio
7.11
What determined the fate of postwar Eastern Europe after the defeat of the Axis powers, and which 3 people signed it?
Phillip Skarbek
The Yalta Agreement, negotiated in 1945 between Roosevelt, Churchhill, and Stalin negotiated the fate of postwar Eastern Europe, but did little to ease growing tensions between the USSR and its western allies.
7.9
What group was a a major supporter of isolationism and who founded it?
Phillip Skarbek
America First Committee, Gerald Nye (1940)
7.9
What main factor helped the US maintain its sence of isolationism before it partook in WWII?
Phillip Skarbek
Neutrality Acts
Module 7.1
What is Progressivism?
Ian Marin
Progressivism was a movement in the U.S. in the early 20th century that wanted society to work together to achieve progress, especially for lower classes ad those struggling.
Module 7.3
How did the U.S. maintain good trade relations with China?
Ian Marin
They negotiated the Open Door Policy so that China was obligated to maintain equal trade with the United States
Module 7.6
What were some factors included in the Harlem Renaissance?
Ian Marin
Black people at the time created jazz, blues, and art.
7.10
What group of people were affected by the Zoot Suit Riots and how?
Noelle Peralta
Mexican-Americans were affected by Zoot Suit Riots, as although Zoot Suiters were Mexican-American gang members, the belief all Mexican-Americans were part of gangs affected their daily lives.
7.3
What did yellow journalists do?
Noelle Peralta
Yellow journalists were journalists that extrapolated and exaggerated the events occurring specifically during the acquisition of Cuba. They focused more on drama than facts.
Who were The Big 3 Allies?
Edward
UK, US, Soviet
What was FDR’s plan to get the US out of the Great Depression?
Edward Sanchez
The New Deal
What treaty ended WW1?
Edward Sanchez
The Treaty of Versailles
Mod 7-5
What was the Red Scare?
Blaise G-S
It was a period of hysteria over the threat of Communists and Communism-inspired radicalism after WWI.
Mod 7-10
What was Executive Order 9066?
Blaise G-S
Order that FDR authorized, allowed military on the west coast to forcefully remove anyone who was deemed a “threat” to national security and putting them in incarceration camps. (mostly Japanese-Americans)
Mod 7-2
What was the 17th Amendment?
Blaise G-S
It allowed US Senators to be elected by popular vote.
Module 7-6
What was the UNIA (Universal Negro Improvement Association) and what were their views?
Alexis Limary
- The UNIA was formed in 1914 by Marcus Garvey to promote black self-help, pan-Africanism, and racial sepratism
- Unlike the NAACP who sought equal access for African Americans, Garvey and the UNIA favored a Back to Africa movement.
Module 7-5
What was a population shift of more than 400,00 African Americans who left the South and headed north and west to escape poverty and racial discrimination
Alexis Limary
The Great Migration (1917-1918 and again in the 1920s)
Module 7-4
What events caused the U.S. to enter WWI
Alexis Limary
- Sinking of the Lusitania by German submarine torpedos which killed 128 Americans
- German use of unrestricted submarine warfare
- Zimmermann telegram (1917) telegram where Germany offered Mexico an alliance to gain territory lost to the US if the US joined the Allies
Mod 7-1
What did different black leaders view as the solution to racial inequality?
Monica D
- Booker T Washington believed that segregation should be accepted, but encouraged racial pride. He thought that African Americans should build their character and then seek further education, and was against protesting.
- Ida B Wells took to the court and became a journalist. She believed leaders should speak out on injustices.
- WEB Du Bois believed in a liberal arts education and demanding the right to vote. He helped create the NAACP that focused on fighting for equality.
Mod 7-4
Why did the U.S. never join the League of Nations or sign the Treaty of Versailles?
Monica D
Although President Wilson spent months compromising over his plans to satisfy other countries, he could not get Senate to ratify the treaty. Many changes were made that satisfied Senate, but Wilson refused to agree on them.
Mod 7-6
What was the goal of the National Origins Act?
Monica D
It was passed to restrict immigration. It targeted immigrants from east Asia and eastern and southern Europe but was lienient with Mexicans and other western immigrants for labor.
Module 7-1
What was pragmatism?
Claire Lim
A philosophy that holds that truth can be discovered only through experience and that the value of ideas were only measurable by practical consequences.
Module 7-4
Who were the Central Powers during World War I?
Claire Lim
Austria-Hungary, Germany, and the Ottoman Empire.
Mod 7-1
What were muckrakers?
Lane Buchanan
They were journalists who exposed corruption and scandal
Mod 7-3
Who were jingoists?
Lane Buchanan
They were Americans who wanted to prove America’s military power
Mod 7-5
What was the influenza pandemic?
Lane Buchanan
A flu pandemic also known as the “Spanish Flu” after the end of WW1, killing nearly 50 million people
Why were Hoovervilles called hoovervilles?
7-7
Hoovervilles, or shanty towns made by those in poverty in big cities out of carton, fabric, and other scraps in big cities during the great depression were called such as a criticism on Herbert Hoover, who people believed wasn’t doing enough with his power to help those who were suffering during the depression. As a republican, he believed in laissez-faire government, so he did not employ direct policies because he thought that with time, the country would sort itself out.
