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APUSH > Period 8 (1945-1980) > Flashcards

Period 8 (1945-1980) Flashcards

1
Q

Module 8-1

What’s the name of the Russian military alliance similar to and created in response to NATO?

Alexis Limary

A
  • Warsaw Pact (1949)
  • Russian military alliance with seven satellite nations
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2
Q

Module 8-2

What are the difference between the causes of the Second and First Red Scare?

Alexis Limary

A
  • The First Red Scare was based on a general fear of foreign radicalism (i.e. communism) while the Second Red Scare was based on a fear that Communist influence was infiltrating the U.S. and threatening national security
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3
Q

Module 8-6

What act did President Eisenhower sign as a way for the U.S. to catch up to the Soviets who had successfully launched Sputnik (first artificial satellite)?

Alexis Limary

A
  • The National Defense Education Act
  • Provided funding for instruction in science, math, and foreign languages
  • Provided loans and graduate fellowships for college students
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4
Q

Module 8.6

What was the Eisenhower Doctrine?

Ian Marin

A

A doctrine which allowed Dwight Eisenhower to send military forces into the middle east to fight Communist aggression.

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5
Q

Module 8.7

What was the Domino Theory?

Ian Marin

A

The belief that if one Asian country became communist, the surrounding countries would fall as well, like dominos.

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6
Q

Module 8.3

What were Levittowns?

Ian Marin

A

Single family homes that were mass produced to create living areas for people.

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7
Q

module 8-2

what were the causes and efects of the second red scare?

Corinne D.

A

The second red scare was sparked by fear of the spreading influence of communism around the world including america, and threatening national seurity. The second red scare led to the government creating programs such as the federal employee loyalty program and the house of un-american activities.

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8
Q

module 8-3

what were the main causes of the baby boom?

Corinne D

A
  • end of WWII, men returning to their families from war
  • economic prosperty during this time helping to support larger families
  • improvements in healthcare causing the survival rate for births to increase
  • people begining to get married at youger ages
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9
Q

Module 8-5

What effects did new technologies such as the television have on american culture in the 1950’s

Corinne D

A
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10
Q

8-10

What was détente?

Marcelo Tohen

A

It was the policy during Nixon’s term meant to ease Cold War tensions.

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11
Q

8-5

What decision was made in the Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka case?

Marcelo Tohen

A

It overturned the Plessy vs. Ferguson case that allowed for segregation.

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12
Q

8-10

What is stagflation?

Marcelo Tohen

A

It was a state of the economy in the 1970s that had high costs of living along with mass unemployment.

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13
Q

M8-6

What was the Bay of Pigs Invasion and its significance?

Jessica Zhao

A
  • unsuccessful 1961 attempt to overthrow Fidel Castro regime in Cuba
  • strengthened Castro’s position and his ties with the USSR
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14
Q

M8-6

What was included in the compromise that ended the Cuban Missile Crisis?

Jessica Zhao

A

The USSR would remove its missiles from Cuba and the US would…
1. Pledge to not invade Cuba
2. Remove its missiles from Turkey

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15
Q

Who was president during the Watergate Scandal?

Lane Buchanan

A

Richard Nixon

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16
Q

Who was the leader of Cuba during the Cold War?

Lane Buchanan

A

Fidel Castro

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17
Q

Why did the U.S. go to war with Vietnam?

Lane Buchanan

A

To stop the spread of Communism to other Asian countries

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18
Q

Rio Chavez

What is containment

8-1

A

The belief that the Soviet Union desired the spread of cummunism throughout the world. To prevent this spread US diplomat George Kennan advocaed a strict policy of contaning communism where it already existed and preventing its spread.

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19
Q

8.2
If someone agreed about Winston Churchill’s ideas about communism, what would they believe?
Noelle Peralta

A

A person agreeing with Churchill about
communism would believe in containment, as well as support his ‘iron curtain’ analogy of the division of communist and capitalist
countries.

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20
Q

8.6
What is the major group of programs stemming from President LBJ referred to as?
Noelle Peralta

A

The Great Society

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21
Q

Rio Chavez

What was the truman doctrine

8-1

A

The US pledge to contain the spread of communism around the world. This was based on teh idea of containment and was the cornerstone of american foreign policy throughout the Cold War.

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22
Q

Rio Chavez

What was the Berlin airlift

8-1

A

The mass-scale transport of food and supplies to west berlin by us and british government air forces during the soviet blockade of berlin from 1948 to 1949

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23
Q

8.9
How did television affect the public’s view of the Cold War?
Noelle Peralta

A

Keeping issues untelevised allowed the
government to hide a lot about the Cold War in the beginning, but once decided, allowed the public to be alerted of the Soviet Union’s actions immediately. As well, it added to the hysteria about communism as much propaganda was seen.

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24
Q

8-11

What groups was the “New Right” generally made up of?

Jaycee Sanchez

A

Old and new conservatives, christians, and unhappy democrats

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25
Q

8-8

What’s affirmative action? And what are some successes/acts it passed?

Jaycee Sanchez

A

Affirmative action is the act of using collective programs, guidelines, and actual laws to help minorities.

This led to Brown v Board of education
And
Swann v Charlotte-Mecklenburg board of education

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26
Q

8-9

What are some things (music, culture, etc) that are associated with counterculture?

Jaycee Sanchez

A

TV: Rebel Without a Cause
Music: Rock n Roll
Culture: Psychedelics, less stigma around sexuality, “hippies”

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27
Q

8.10

Name two examples of détente being used?

Phillip Skarbek

A
  • SALT I(1972)
    • first treaty to curtail nuclear arms production during the Cold War
  • SALT II(1979)
    • same as the first treaty but it was unratified when the USSR invaded Afganistan 6 months later
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28
Q

8.2

Who was Joe McCarthy and what did he believe in?

Phillip Skarbek

A

He was a US senator who spread false information about many people in the US government being Communists, inciting much fear and histeria among Americans.(McCarthyism)

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29
Q

8.8

What was the singnificance of the Voting Rights Act of 1965? What did it get rid of?

Phillip Skarbek

A

It removed obstacles to African American viting in the Soouth and resulted in dramatic increases in black participation in the electoral process.
(ex. literacy tests)

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30
Q

How was the Marshall Plan a prime example of the US’s new foreign policy towards communism called containment?

Rosa Duvall

A

The Marshall Plan provided millions of dollars in aid to countries in Europe who were struggling to rebuild themselves economically after WWII. The money was not just to help them, but also to make them sympathetic to the US, and thus democratic capitalism, which then made those countries less likely to become communist, exemplifying containment because the Marshall plan was a way to stop the spread of communism, and not attack it where it already existed.

31
Q

How were the Yalta Conference and the Potsdam Conference similar?

Rosa Duvall

A

Both conferences were concerned with plans for postwar Europe. While the Yalta Conference settles on an agreement between the US and the USSR to allow free elections in Europe, as well as that the USSR would join the effort against Japan, the Potsdam Conference was where the US, USSR, and UK met to agree on how they would divide Germany and Berlin post war in order to rebuild it in a way that the Allies wanted.

32
Q

How was President Johnson able to use the military to such a large extent during the Vietnam War, even though congress had never officially declared War?

Rosa Duvall

A

The Gulf Of Tonkin resolution gave Johnson control of the military to use as he saw fit to increase US involvement in Vietnam. Many saw this as an overstep of his presidential power.

33
Q

Mod 8-1

What were the inadverted impacts of the Marshall Plan?

Carlos Gutierrez

A

While the Marshall Plan, engineered by George Marshall was intended to provide $17 billion in aid to Europeans for post war economy, this was intepreted as a ploy by the Americans to gain more influence in Europe by the Soviets. Most importantly, they would believe this as an infrigement on their influence over Eastern Europe. Some Eastern European nations actually leaned towards to recieve aid under the Marshall Plan. While Stalin’s aversion did persuade Republicans to steer away from their prior criticism of the Mashall Plan increase spending and support its passing, it did fuel the mistrust and tensions between America and the Soviet Union.

34
Q

Mod 8-8

How did different black civil rights leaders approach the cause?

Monica Dominguez

A

Leaders like Martin Luther King Jr. thought that peaceful protest was the best course and participated in sermons, marches, rallies, and wrote letters.

Other leaders, like Malcom X, and groups, like the Black Panther Party, pushed the ideas of black power/pride and self defense. They rebelled (often seen as rioting), but they also created day cares and health facilities for their communities.

35
Q

Mod 8-6

What developments led to the establishment of the Berlin Wall?

Carlos Gutierrez

A

America’s embarassing defeat in the Bay of Pigs—the CIA operation that used Cuban exiles in order to overthrow Castro Government—gave them a disadvantage in the Vienna Summit meetings between Kennedy and Castro. Kennedy pretyy much increased the military budget and pour more troops into Europe. In response, the Soviets established the Berlin Wall to essentially trap East Berlin inhabitants. These developments pretty much highlighted the reponse when tensions increased between both sides, a game of cat and mouse.

36
Q

Mod 8-5

What were opposition groups that arose in reaction to the Civil Rights movement?

Carlos Gutierrez

A

New and returning white supremacist groups formed as the Civil Rights movement was gaining traction. Primarily, the KKK ushered in its third reincarnation (it’s prior two incarnations were in the 1870s and the 1920s respectively). The KKK was still focused on committing violence. However the new group that formed, the WCC (White Citizen’s Council), focused more on economic restrictions against black people. This included red-lining policies such as not being able to get credit from a bank and even being dismissed from their jobs.

37
Q

Mod 8-2

How did the government react to the Second Red Scare in regards to the public?

Monica Dominguez

A
  • The Smith Act made it illegal to encourage the overthrowing of the government by force
  • The Federal Employee Loyalty Program investigated millions of employees suspected of communism
  • ## HUAC put many Hollywood workers on trial and put them on blacklists if they did not admit to being Communist sympathizers
38
Q

Module 8-2

What was McCarthyism

Maaz Aamer

A

The term named after Joseph McCarthy for his many false accusations against poltical figures of having communist beliefs.

39
Q

Module 8-1

What was the iron curtain?

Maaz Aamer

A

A term used to describe the divide between Soviet controlled Europe and non Soviet controlled Europe. The term was invented by Winston Churchill.

40
Q

Mod 8-5

What was the process of desegregation in schools?

Monica Dominguez

A

The NAACP filed lawsuits against schools and universities for excluding black people. Plessy v Ferguson was overturned by Brown v Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas and ruled that schools could not be both separate and equal. A school in Arkansas was to integrate but the governor sent the National Guard to prevent the students from entering the school. President Eisenhower had the “Little Rock Nine” protected by the National Guard for the rest of the year. Many southern schools continued the be segregated despite these changes.

41
Q

Why didnt nuclear war happen during the arms race in the cold war.

riley

A

Because of mutual assured destruction which meant that both sides knew that if one of them dropped a bomb then the other would retaliate.

42
Q

What was the decision in Brown v Board of education

riley

A

It overturned plessy v ferguson on the basis that schools being separate was unequal based on the 14th amendment

43
Q

What did the GI Bill do and what did it acomplish?

Wyatt

A

The GI Bill was a bill proposed by Lyndon B. Johnson in his Great Society which helped recently returned soldier by paying for their college tuitions. This bill ultimately helped increase education and jobs in the US.

44
Q

Why was the Korean War called a “Proxy War”?

Wyatt

A

The Korean War was called a proxy war because although it was devided between North and South it still was heavily influenced by the USSR and the US respectively.

45
Q

What were the three main legislatures produced by Lyndon B. Johnson’s Great Society?

Wyatt

A

Medicare, Medicade, and The Immigration Act.

46
Q

mod 8-6

what was the Bay of Pigs invasion?

duanduan

A

An unsuccessful attempt to overthrow the Castro administration

47
Q

mod 8-9

what did the SDS (Students for a Democratic Society) form?

duanduan

A

they advocated for the formation of a “new left”

48
Q

What is one major staple of desegregation in american society (has to do with busses)?

shadow

A

Montgomery Bus Boycot

49
Q

Name three general wars that indicated a change in US foreign policy since Washington’s farewell address.

shadow

A

Korean war, vietnam war, cuban missile crisis (ig this ones not really a war)

50
Q

What was the difference between teens and adults in period 8?

shadow

A

Teens liked counter culture and rock but adults generally wanted stability in suburbs and stuff

51
Q

Mod 8-8

Who was Malcolm X and what was his view on the Civil Rights Movement?

Grace W.B.

A
  • African American civil rights activist
  • encouraged African Americans to embrace their heritage by self-determination
52
Q

Mod 8-3

What was the Sun Belt?

Grace W.B.

A
  • southern and western parts of the U.S.
  • millions of Americans moved to the Sun Belt after WWII (for the climate and jobs such as defense, petroleum, and chemical industries)
53
Q

Mod 8-9

What was AIM a.k.a. the American Indian Movement?

Grace W.B.

A
  • American Indian group formed in 1968
  • promoted “red power”
  • condemned the U.S. for its continuous mistreatment of American Indians
54
Q

Mod 8-1

What was the Berlin Airlift?

Zoë Munson

A

Mass scale transport of food and supplies to West Berlin by U.S. and British government air forces during the Soviet blockade of Berlin from 1948-1949.

55
Q

Mod 8-3

What was Levittown?

Zoë Munson

A

Suburban subdivison built in Long Island, New York during the 1950s in response to the postwar housing shortage. Subsequent Levittowns were built in Pennsylvania and New Jersey. Idea from William Levitt.

56
Q

Mod 8-10

What was the policy of détente

Zoë Munson

A

An easing of tense relations with the Soviet Union during the Cold War.

57
Q

8-10

How was Malcolm X’s way of protesting
Different than MLK’s?

Caden

A

Malcolm X believed in more violent protests while MLK believed in peacefull protests.

58
Q

8-2

What was the GI Bill?

Caden

A

Provided economic and educational oppurtunities for WWII veterans.

59
Q

What was the Iranian Hostage Crisis?

Blaise G-S

A

It was a diplomatic standoff between Iran and the United States in which Americans were taken hostage in Tehran for 444 days.

60
Q

What was the Truman Doctrine?

Blaise G-S

A

It was an American foreign policy that America supported democratic nations that were under authoritarian threat.

61
Q

What was the March on Washington?

Blaise G-S

A

This was a march in DC in which African Americans were advocating and protesting for their civil and economic rights.
It was where MLK Jr gave his “I have a dream” speech.

62
Q

Module 8-2

What was McCarthyism and what was its significance?

Claire Lim

A

It was the harassment and persecution of suspected “Communist” polititians. This sparked major anti-Communist hysteria in the U.S. during this period.

63
Q

Module 8-3

Who were the dixiecrats?

Claire Lim

A

They were a segregationalist party in the South who opposed Truman in the 1948 election.

64
Q

Module 8-4

Who were the Beats?

Claire Lim

A

They were a small group of young artists, writers, and intellectuals who challenged popular American culture and mainstream politics during this period.

65
Q

Module 8-11

How were growing calls for the preservation and protection of the environment reflected in federal policy during the 1970s and 1980s?

William Landahl

A

During the 70s and 80s, Americans increasingly were horrfied by issues such as polluted air and the construction of homes on environmentally unsafe locations such as at Love Canal. As a result, Richard Nixon signed the Clean Air Law and Endangered Species Act of 1973 to protect the air and animals respectively. He also established the EPA in 1971 to further protect the environment. Similarly, Jimmy Carter signed the Comprehensice Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act to protect Americans against environmentally unsafe sites by cleaning them up.

66
Q

Module 8-10

What were SALT I and SALT II, and how did they differ from each other?

William Landahl

A

SALT I, which stands for “Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty I,” was a treaty signed by the United States and the Soviet Union that limited the production of nuclear weapons on both sides for a period of five years. The first treaty, which was signed under Richard Nixon, differed from SALT II (the second treaty with generally the same provisions) in that it was never signed. The treaty, which was rejected under Jimmy Carter, never went through due the Carter’s anger over the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. Carter further extended his anger over the invasion to a boycott of the Moscow Olympics in 1980 as well as in terms of increased military spending and reduced grain exports to the USSR.

67
Q

Module 8-1

What was the signifigance of containment in the Truman Doctrine?

Liliana Varley

A

The Truman doctrine was the United States pledge to contain the expansion of communism around the world. Communismns was the cornerstone of American foriegn policy throughout the cold war.

68
Q

8-3

What factors contributed to the baby boom between 1946 and 1964?

Liliana Varley

A

Economic prospertity, improvements in healthcare, and a trend tward a younger age of marriage are all contributing factors.

69
Q

8-4

How was “Rebel Without a Cause” a reflection of a changing American Society

LIliana Varley

A

“Rebel without a cause” reflected the rise of “teenagers” during the 1960, and the gradual change in culture in the middle class following WWII.

70
Q

What is the condition stagflation used to describe the economy of the 1970s?

A

It was a state of the economy in the 1970s that had very high costs of living along with a series of mass unemployment.

71
Q

What was the GI Bill?

A

It was a bill passed that provided economic help and education options to WWII vets, military workers, and some women.

72
Q

How did LBJ fight poverty? Name key terms/acts

A

medicare (older people get mandated health insurance), medicaid (mainly for the impoverished), OEO (office of economic opportunity, which gave the “anti-poverty agency” billions), elementary and secondary education act (federal aid to impoverished school districts)

73
Q

What act removed many obstacles for black voters and removed racial discrimination within voting? (like literacy tests)

A

Voting Rights Act of 1965

74
Q

What are some conservationist/environmental acts from this time? (P8)

A

creation of the EPA, environmental policy act, clean air act, clean water act

APUSH (8 decks)

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