Period 6 (1865-1898) Flashcards
6-2
Who were robber barons?
Jadon Olson
Robber barons were powerful and wealthy industrialists and businessmen in the late 19th century who gained their fortunes through ruthless and often unethical business practices.
6-1
What was ghost dancing
Rio Chavez
Religous ritual performed by Paiute indians in the late 19th century. The idea was from a vision the prophet Wovoka recieved that performing the the ghost dance would casue white people to disappear and allow American Indians to regain control of their lands. It was used as a form of resistance against Americans.
6-2
What was the Chinese Exclusion Act
Rio Chavez
The act in 1882 that banned Chinese immigration into the United States and prohibited those Chinese already in the country from becoming naturalized US citezens.
6-1
What were Buffalo soldiers
Rio Chavez
African American calvarymen who fought in the west from the 1870s and 1880s against American Indians.
6-10
Who were the populists?
Jadon Olson
Populists were members of a political movement in the late 19th century that aimed to represent the interests of farmers and the working class, advocating for reforms such as free coinage of silver and direct election of senators.
6-10
What was the subtreasury system?
Jadon Olson
The subtreasury system was a proposal by Populists in the late 19th century for a government-operated system of warehouses where farmers could store their crops and receive loans, aiming to provide financial relief and independence from banks.
6-4
What is the difference between vertical and horizontal integration?
-Phillip Skarbek
Vertical: owning a whole network of business which all held parts in conducting the final product
Horizontal: one company grows its operations by owning other similar/competing companies
6-4
What did Santa Clara v. Southern pacific railroad company do, and what year was it?
Phillip Skarbek
1886 - a corporation was considered a person
6-3
What did plessy v. Ferguson do, and what year was it?
Phillip Skarbek
1896, upheld legality of Jim Crow Laws(“equal but separate”)
6-2
Who were Las Gorras Blancas and what did they partake in correlation to active resistance?
Noelle Peralta
Las Gorras Blancas (White Caps) was a group of Mexican Americans who wanted to protect the rights and interests of the people. They desired free ballots and fair court.
They burned fences, haystacks, barns, and homes as forms of active resistance.
6-6
Why did immigrants come to the United States?
Noelle Peralta
Due to religious persecution in home countries, the desire for better economics and job opportunities, and political advantages.
6-10
Why did the Populist Party end?
Noelle Peralta
The party was torn over policy and strategy, as main leaders like Tom Watson did not want the party to emphasize free silver over the reform policies. President McKinley’s election in 1896 marked the end.
What was Fredrick Jackson
Turner’s arguement in relation to the western
frontier?
Module 6-7 (Liliana Varley)
Turner proposed the “Frontier Thesis” in the 1890s which described the closing of the western frontier as dangerens to Americas “pioneer spirit.”
What were trusts, and how
were they affected by
Shermans antitrust act
of the 1890s.
Module 6-4 (Liliana Varley)
Trusts were business monopolies formed in the late 19th century and early 20th century through mergers and consondations that inhabited competition and controlled the market. Sherman’s antitrust act of 1890 outlawed monopolies which prevented free competition in interstate commerce.
What was the signfigance of convict leasing following reconstruction?
Module 6-3 (Liliana Varley)
Convict leasing essentially replaced slavery as a form of forced labor, where primarily African American prision laborers were leased to plantation owners to raise revenue for the states.
Module 6.3
What were some ways that southern states restricted black voting rights?
Ian Marin
- poll tax: pay to vote
- literacy tests: test for literacy, blacks poor, harder to get education
- grandfather clause: if grandpa/dad voted, no test and could vote
Module 6.8
What were some pastimes that men used to cultivate their masculinity?
Ian Marin
Men turned to boxing, baseball, and football because they felt they were losing their masculinity due to industrialism.
Module 6.1
What was the purpose of the Dawes Act?
Ian Marin
The Dawes Act’s purpose was to restrict native land while simultaneously encouraging assimilation to society by diving the land into 160-acre parcels.
module 6.2
What was the purpose of the Ghost Dance?
Wyatt Bryniarski
Native Americans performed the Ghost dance in order to bring their dead relatives back from the dead to help them push the white man out of their land.
6-6
Why was the Chinese Exlusion Act passed?
Wyatt Bryniarski
The Chinese Exclusion Act was passed due to popular belief that the low wages, that the new Chinese immigrants were working for, caused the economic troubles seen during the Panic of 1883.
6-10
Why did the process of political machines end?
Wyatt Bryniarski
They ended due to the assignation of President Abram Garfield due to him rejecting of the his canidents to work in office with him.
Module 6-5
What effects did the Haymarket Riot have on the Union movement?
Alexis Limary
- As a result of the Haymarket Riot, the union movement went into a temporary decline
- The membership rolls of the Knight of Labor had plunged drastically as by the mid-1890s they had fewer than 20,000 members
- Capitalists attacked labor unionists as radicals prone to violence and denounced strikes an un-American
Module 6-10
What controversial things did the Wilson-Gorman Act implement, and what was the argument against it?
Alexis Limary
- The Wilson-Gorman Act (1894) raised tariffs on imported goods, and while it was intended to protect American buisnesses by keeping the price of imported goods high, it deprived foreigners of the necessary income to buy American exports.
- The Act also inclueded a provision of a progressive income tax of 2% on all annual earnings over $4,000 which Populists and other reformers endorsed.
- In 1895, the Supreme Court denounced the Wilson-Gorman Act calling it unconstitutional and as the beginning of a war of the poor against the rich.
Module 6-1
Who were buffalo soldiers and who did they fight against?
Alexis Limary
- Buffalo soldiers were African American cavalrymen who fought in the West against American Indians in the 1870s and 1880s
Module 6-3
What was the grandfather clause and its significance?
Jessica Zhao
-Men whose father or grandfather had voted in 1860 (slavery still existed) were excused from taking the literacy test
-loophole to the literacy test that benefited uneducated, poor white people
Module 6-4
What benefits did the construction of railroads bring?
Jessica Zhao
- facilitated national markets for raw + finished materials (through transport)
- contributed to markets by being direct consumers of industrial products (wood, steel, etc.)
- higher speed + efficiency of transportation
Module 6-4
What did United States v. E.C. Knight Company do?
Jessica Zhao
rendered the Sherman Anti-trust Act ineffective – manufacturing considered a local activity within the state
Mod. 6-9
Which “Captain of Industry” promoted the Gospel of Wealth.
Grace W
Andrew Carnegie
6-4: What made working conditions in factories especially dangerous for workers?
Rosa Duvall
Factories were cramped, hot, and had faulty machinery. In textile factories especially, heat was dangerous, as the fabrics were highly flammable and caused many fires which lead to the death of lots of workers, especially immigrant workers. Furthermore, there were no government benefits such as healthcare for workers, which lead to many workers being disabled for the rest of their lives and unable to work.
What motivated immigration to the US during the late 19th century?
Rosa Duvall
Many immigrants from southern and eastern Europe as well as from Asia and South America who emigrated to the US were very poor back in Europe, so many came to the US to find jobs and economic opportunities. Many were also religiously or politically persecuted in their home countries and came to the US to escape this.
What was the main difference between the Knights of Labor and the American Federation of Labor?
Ethan Xia
The Knights of Labor wanted a single huge union, while the AFL wanted separate unions based on occupations.
What was Tammany Hall?
Ethan Xia
A political machine in New York City led by Boss Tweed that stole millions of dollars from the city as a result of its corruption.
What was the Social Gospel?
Ethan Xia
A religious movement that advocated using Christian teachings to solve social and economic problems.
What were tenements?
Lane Buchanan
Tenements were small and cramped housing for poor workers in cities.
Who founded Standard Oil?
Lane Buchanan
John D. Rockefeller
What were the differences between the Knights of Labor and the American Federation of Labor?
Lane Buchanan
Knights of Labor aimed to unite workers and challenge the power of the corporate Capitalists. American Federation of Labor aimed to organize skilled workers into trade-specific unions.
Mod. 6-5
What labor union was blamed for the casualties of the Haymarket Riot?
Grace W
The Knights Of Labor
