Period 4 (1800-1848)

Question 1

Mod 4-1

Which Supreme Court case reinforced the federal government’s ability to utilize the implied powers clause (aka the “elastic clause”) of the Constitution?

Ben Volk

Answer 1

McCulloch v. Maryland

Question 2

Mod 4-2

Which treaty involved Spain ceding all its territory east of the Mississippi to the U.S.?

Ben Volk

Answer 2

Adams-Onís Treaty

Question 3

Mod 4-5

What bill was passed by the federal government to authorize using military force in the face of states nullifying laws?

Ben Volk

Answer 3

Force Bill

Question 4

Mod 4-2

A compromise that added Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state that also established the line between the future free and slave states.

Jadon

Answer 4

Missouri Compromise

Question 5

Mod 4-7

Which convention produced the Declaration of Sentiments, which called for women’s equality and the right to vote?

Jadon

Answer 5

Seneca Falls Convention

Question 6

Mod 4-1

What was the foreign policy statement issued by President James Monroe in 1823 that declared that the Western Hemisphere was off-limits to further European colonization and interference, while also stating that the United States would not involve itself in European affairs?

Jadon

Answer 6

Monroe Doctrine

Question 7

Module 4-4

What was the political agreement between Henry Clay and John Quincy Adams that Clay would withdraw from the race in an exchange for an appointment in Adam’s cabinet?

Alexis Limary

Answer 7

• The “corrupt bargain”
• Claim made by Andrew Jackson after he lost the 1824 presidential election

Question 8

Module 4-8

The Liberty Party (1840) and the Free-Soil Party (1848) are both examples of what?

Alexis Limary

Answer 8

• Antislavery political parties
• Free-Soil Party founded by political abolitionists.
• Both parties helped to place slavery at the center of national political debates

Question 9

Module 4-8

Who was William Lloyd Garrison and what was he known for?

Alexis Limary

Answer 9

• White Bostonian
• Inspired by David Walker’s political stance he launched the Liberator, an abolitionist paper (in some ways a rival of Frederick Douglass’s The North Star
• Urged white antislavery activists to embrace the goal of immediate emancipation without compensation to slaveholders

Question 10

Module 4-1

What was the Louisiana Purchase, when was it, and who purchased the land?

Grace W.B.

Answer 10

• Purchase from France
• Vast territory stretching from the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains and from New Orleans to present-day Montana (doubled size of nation)
• 1803
• Thomas Jefferson

Question 11

Module 4-2

What was the Panic of 1819?

Grace W.B.

Answer 11

• nation’s first severe recession
• lasted 4 years
• resulted from irresponsible banking practices and the declining demand abroad for American goods (including cotton)

Question 12

Module 4-6

What was Nat Turner’s Rebellion?

Grace W.B.

Answer 12

• 1831
• slave uprising in Virginia led by Nat Turner
• generated panic among white southerners
• led to tighter control of African Americans and white southerners
• stricter slave codes in southern states

Question 13

4-2

What was the result of the ending of transatlantic slavery

Answer 13

The result was an increase in domestic reproduction of slaves

Question 14

4-3

What did the Battle of New Orleans do for Andrew Jackson’s reputation.

Answer 14

It gained him major popularity with the common people. This war was fought even after the War of 1812 was ended.

Question 15

4-2

Why was the Missouri Compromise such a controversial topic?

Answer 15

Because it made it not sure if the slave v free state ratio would be messed up, so Missouri entered as a slave state and Maine entered as a free state to regain balance.

Question 16

Module 4.1

How did the Judiciary Branch gain power in the early 18th century?

Ian Marin

Answer 16

The court expanded its power by asserting that the Supreme Court had the right to decide which federal laws were constitutional through the case Marbury v. Madison in 1803.
It also expanded in power thanks to McCulloch v. Maryland, giving in the power to use the “implied powers” clause

Question 17

Module 4.4

Why was Andrew Jackson upset about the “corrupt bargain”?

Ian Marin

Answer 17

There were four presidential candidates in the election of 1824; Andrew Jackson and John Quincy Adams were the most prominent. Henry Clay, one of the other candidates, dropped out and gave his votes to Adams in exchange for a position in Adams’s cabinet. Jackson lost the election because of this, and was obviously upset.

Question 18

Module 4.5

Why was the case Cherokee Nation v. Georgia significant?

Ian Marin

Answer 18

It was important because Georgia officials wanted to place new restrictions on Natives living in Georgia, so the Cherokee went to court to dispute this; they said they were a seperate nation. The court recognized this and surprisingly ruled in Cherokee favored, marking the case in history.

Question 19

4-1

What rebellion was believed to be influenced by the Haitian Revolution?

Blaise S

Answer 19

Gabriel’s Rebellion (1800)

Question 20

4-3

How did the Panic of 1819 affect the American economy?

Blaise S

Answer 20

Severe recession
lowered the demand for american goods abroad
loss of jobs and property
banks collapsing

Question 21

4-7

How were women originally involved in social reform movements?

Blaise S

Answer 21

establishing charitable organizations
constructing asylums
circulating petitions
organizing boycotts
publishing newspapers

Question 22

4.1

In what year did the International slave trade end in America?

Noelle Peralta

Answer 22

The international slave trade ended in 1808.

Question 23

4.4

How did Nat Turner’s Rebellion effect slavery conditions in the South?

Noelle Peralta

Answer 23

It increased the strictness of slavery conditions as white slaveholders feared more uprisings would occur, as well as making some Virginians question the morality of slavery.

Question 24

4.5

Why did the working class of America no longer need to specialize in skills for jobs?

Noelle Peralta

Answer 24

Due to the development of the American System of Manufacturing.

Question 25

module 4-6

A harsher and more enforced slave code along with less opportunity for slaves to earn freedom was an outcome of which main rebellion?

Phillip Skarbek

Answer 25

Nat Turners Rebellion

Question 26

module 4-5 +4-6

Who were the main leaders of the democrats, national republicans, whigs, and democratic republicans?

Phillip Skarbek

Answer 26

Democrats(Andrew Jackson), National republicans(John Adams), Democratic republicans(Thomas Jefferson), Whigs(Henry Clay)

Question 27

module 4-5

What act/bill was an outcome of South Carolina approving the Ordinance of Nullification, and what did it do?

Phillip Skarbek

Answer 27

Force Bill (allowed president to use military force when a state resisted federal teriffs)

Question 28

What was the Whig party?
Rio Chavez

Answer 28

• A political party formed in the 1830s to challenge the power of Democratic Party.
• Stemmed from the old Federalist Party and the old National Republican party (everyone who challenged Jackson’s policies)
• focused on commercial and industrial development
• cautious to westward expansion; didn’t want to open up slavery question
• main supporters were John C. Calhoun and Henry Clay

Question 29

What was the trail of tears?

Rio Chavez

Answer 29

The forced march and relocation of many Native Americans(Cherokees) from Georgia to west of the Mississippi River that was designated Indian territory. The poor conditions such as bad planning food/water problems, sanitation and lack of medicine led to the deaths of many Cherokees.

Question 30

What were the nativists?

Rio Chavez

Answer 30

Anti-immigrant americans who launched campaigns against foreigners during the 1840s. Nativism was a response to increased immigration to the united states in the 1830s and 40s mostly due to the large influx of catholic immigrans.

Question 31

How did socail reforms affect working class men and alcoholism?

MJ

Answer 31

Social reforms from 1800-1840 cause the creation of the Temperance movement. This movement consisted of mostly working class men who focused on the abuse of alcohol.

Question 32

Module 4-5

How were Thomas Jefferson and Andrew Jackson similar?

Grace W

Answer 32

They were both advocates for the Yeoman farmer

Question 33

Module 4-1

How did Thomas Jefferson justify the Louisiana Purchase?

Jessica Zhao

Answer 33

• it would allow for more Native Americans to be removed
• it would end European influence in the region
• it would expand trade networks

Question 34

Module 4-3

What was the idea of separate spheres?

Jessica Zhao

Answer 34

Men occupy the social, public sphere, while women occupy the domestic, private sphere

Question 35

Module 4-5

What was the Treaty of New Echota and why is it significant?

Jessica Zhao

Answer 35

1. Proposed by US officials to exchange 100mill. acres of Cherokee land for $68mill. and 32mill acres in Indian Territory
2. Was obtained without tribal sanction and eventually led to the Trail of Tears

Question 36

4-6

What was John Calhoun’s thinking about slavery?

Wyatt Bryniarski

Answer 36

He believed that Slavery was a positive good and argued that no civilization had ever before had come to power without it and that it was a nessesity for an economy and a civiliazation.

Question 37

4-8

What was the Declaration of Sentiments?

Wyatt Bryniarski

Answer 37

It was a declaration for better treatment of women and more rights for women which was signed by over one hundred participants.
It was modeled after the same language as the Declaration of Independent

Question 38

4-5

What was the Indian Removal Act (1830)?

Wyatt Bryniarski

Answer 38

It was an act proposed by Andrew Jackson that force Indians into western land.

Question 39

What northern abolitionist organization was founded by William Garrison in 1833?

Answer 39

The American Anti-Slavery Society (AASS)

Question 40

Why was the Liberty Party formed and what views did it consist of?

Answer 40

The liberty Party was a political party that was formed to help slavery at the center of national political debates.

Question 41

What was Nativism?

Ethan Xia

Answer 41

Racist/xenophobic beliefs targeted at immigrants in America

Question 42

How did Andrew Jackson gain popularity

riley stanford

Answer 42

He fought in the war of 1812 and won the Battle of New Orleans for the US

Question 43

What was the Second Great Awakening?

Ethan Xia

Answer 43

A religious revival starting in 1801 as a result of new scientific discoveries. Many new religious groups expanded the diversity of their followers to include more women and African Americans

Question 44

What was the Missouri Compromise?

Ethan Xia

Answer 44

A law passed in 1820 that allowed Missouri to enter the US as a slave state while Maine was admitted as a free state. The 36th parallel became the boundary separating free and slave states.

Question 45

Who was one of the main leaders of the Whig Party

Riley stanford

Answer 45

Henry Clay

Question 46

Mod 4-5

What was the Panic of 1837?

Monica Dominguez

Answer 46

The Panic of 1837 was a financial crisis that started with large loans of money and investment in cotton from Britain to the US. England has bad harvests and the Bank of England had to restrict money flow out of the country. Investors called in loans, so interest rates rocketed while cotton prices fell. The nation suffered because of the heavy reliance across the country based in cotton creation and selling. Many went bankrupt and were left unemployed.

Question 47

Mod 4-6

In what ways did African Americans develop their own culture in the early 1800s? (pre-Civil war)

Monica Dominguez

Answer 47

African Americans continued to use their African names, they made herbal medicines similar to those used in West Africa, they continued to follow their own religions alongside Protestantism, they used music and dancing in worship, and they created their own form of marriage in the church.

Question 48

Module 4-3

What was the Erie Canal?

Claire Lim

Answer 48

It was the most important and profitable canal in the early 1800s.

Question 49

Module 4-3

What was the primary cause for the Panic of 1837?

Claire Lim

Answer 49

Massive declines in cotton prices and President Jackson’s refusal to renew the Second Bank of the United States.

Question 50

Module 4-7

What were boomtowns?

Claire Lim

Answer 50

They were areas that became rapidly developed, usually from mining enterprises.

Question 51

Module 4-7

What was a belief of Transcendentalism?

Lane Buchanan

Answer 51

All individuals should look to themselves for guidance rather than a formal religion.

Question 52

Module 4-5

What was the Tariff of Abominations?

Lane Buchanan

Answer 52

1828 Tariff act that benefited northern manufactures at the expense of southern platations

Question 53

4-6

What is nullification?

Liliana Varley

Answer 53

The doctrine that individual states have the right to declare federal laws unconstitutional and therefore, void, witin their borders. South Carolina attempted to invoke the doctrine of nullification in response to the tarrif of 1832.

Question 54

4-3

How did the Panic of 1819 change the role of womens rights in factories?

Liliana Varley

Answer 54

The Panic of 1819 intenisified fear of job losses. As a result womens organizing activites were put on hold until the economy recovered.

Question 55

4-7

What were Utopian Communities?

Liliana Varley

Answer 55

Communities formed in the first half of the 19th century to embody alternative social and economic visions and to create models for society at large to follow.

Question 56

Module 4-1

What Revolution in the West Indies during the late 18th century worried Southern Plantation owners because of potential future rebellions?

Maaz

Answer 56

The Haitian Revolution

Question 57

Module 4-1

Which invention allowed cotton to be produced more efficiently and who invented it?

Maaz

Answer 57

The cotton gin invented by Eli Whitney

Question 58

Module 4-4

What was the “corrupt bargain”?

Maaz

Answer 58

The corrupt bargain was what Jackson supporters called the result of the 1828 election. Jackson had won popular vote, but Clay decided to pull out of the election and have his supporters suport Adams in order to have Adams win the election. In return, Clay was appointed as Adam’s Secretary of State.

Question 59

4-1

What event most directly caused France to give the Louisiana territory to the U.S.?

Marcelo Tohen

Answer 59

The Haitian Revolution
Because after France lost the Haiti land to the slave rebbelion there. There insentive to keep Louisiana as a trade spot declined massively.

Question 60

4-3

What cause most directly lead to deskilling?

Marcelo Tohen

Answer 60

The automization of making goods by machines such as the Cotton Gin (made by Eli Whitney) where hand making goods was no longer as needed.

Question 61

4-8

What were some of the groups from the the Abolitionist movements in the first half of the 19th century? What party was focused on resolving the slavery isue? And what were people called who opposed immigration because of the economic competition it caused?

Marcelo Tohen

Answer 61

Baptists, Methodists, Presbuterians (refusing slaveholders). The Liberty Party. And the nativists.

Question 62

When was the international slave trade ended?

Answer 62

1808

Question 63

4-6

What happened on the spanish ship “Amistad” and how did this affect american societies?

Valerie Meza

Answer 63

There was a slave mutiny where the slaves gained control of the ships when caught, their freedom turned into a court case where they were granted their freedom causing fear for american slaveholders and growing ideas of aboliton

Question 64

4-7

Who was Charles Finney and what did he do?

Valerie Meza

Answer 64

Charles Finney was a preacher who led the 2nd great awakening and brought it from just lower class to upper class

Question 65

Module 4-7

How did waves of immigration from other countries (particularly from Ireland) to urban centers in the United States affect social, religous, and political tensions?

William Landahl

Answer 65

1. The growing Irish population was majority Catholic, leading to the expansion and spread of Catholic institutions such as Catholic churches and convents. This growing Catholic population subsequently found themselves enraveled in tensions with other religious groups (primarily Protestants) due to anti-Catholic sentiment, occasionally leading to attacks on Catholic institutions.
2. The growing immigrant population continually found themselves to be the enemy of social reform movements. In particular, Protestant followers of the temperance movement were supposedly able to distinguish themselves from the “drunk Irish Catholics” by giving up drinking.
3. Nativist movements primarily blamed Irish Catholics for societal issues such as poverty and widespread alcoholism, leading to tensions between the two groups.

Question 66

Module 4-2 and Module 4-5

How did secession appear in U.S. politics prior to the Civil War? Name two key examples from 1800 to 1848 and provide context as to why secession was proposed.

William Landahl

Answer 66

1. The War of 1812 was opposed by New England Federalists from the beginning due to their anger over the negative effects the war would have on trade in the Northeast. However, the war proceeded on despite this oppositon. Thus, during the 1814 Hartford Convention, many Federalists called for the region to secede from the union. However, this plan never came to fruition.
2. The Tariff of 1828, which was known to Southerners as the “Tariff of Abominations,” was not addressed clearly by the Jackson administration following Andrew Jackson’s election. Thus, the state of South Carolina attemped to “nullify” this federal law, and threatened secession in the event that federal officials attempted to enforce the law.

Question 67

Module 4-4

Why did the Democratic-Republicans begin to split apart during the 1820s? What were the names of the new factions that the Democratic-Republicans split between, and who were some of their respective key figures?

William Landahl

Answer 67

During the 1820s, the Democratic-Republicans begin to split internally over issues such as the extent of consitutional power. Furthermore, the party experienced splits between upstarts like Andrew Jackson and the establishment wing of the party. These differences led the Democratic-Republicans split into two distinct factions (later parties): the National Republicans and the Democrats. The Democrats were led primarily by Jackson, while the National Republicans were led by figures such as John Quincy Adams and Henry Clay.

Question 68

4-2

What were the causes of the War of 1812?

duanduan

Answer 68

1. Britain impeded in trade between France and America, and France did the same with trade between America and Britain.
2. Impressment of U.S. seamen into the British Royal Navy

Question 69

How did the temprence movement spread anti-Catholic sentiment in the US?
Rosa

Answer 69

The temprence movement was a largely protestant movement, and given that it was protestant, it was started by those of mainly english descent who were born on english soil. The common conception at the time was that Irish and Scottish immigrants (Ireland andScotland were largely catholic) were drunks, meaning that when the temprence movement claimed that drinking led to laziness and violence, people who supported that movement associated those two things with the Irish and Scottish, reinforcing anti-Catholic sentiment in America.

Question 70

4-2/4-4

How did the Panic of 1812 relate to the expansion of democracy?

duanduan

Answer 70

After the panic of 1812, working men, who were most affected, wanted to be able to hold politicians accountable and demanded the right to vote. In doing so, many states lowered or eliminated the property ownership qualification entirely.

Question 71

4-8

who was David Walker?

duanduan

Answer 71

• David Walker was a black radical abolitionist who wrote Appeal… to the Colored Citizens of the Worldx

Question 72

How did the spread of participatory democracy influence the social reform movement?
Rosa

Answer 72

With an uprise in participatory democracy, more people in the US felt like they had a voice that mattered, leading. them to advocate for things that mattered to them, such as abolition.

Question 73

4.1

what were some impacts the cotton industry had in the united states?

Corinne Dracup

Answer 73

• helped shape the economy/ society in southern US
• increased demand for enslaved labor

Question 74

4.1

What was a significant limitation to foreign trade in the early 19th century?

Corinne Dracup

Answer 74

The embargo act: prohibeted american ships from leaving home ports to protect american interests during conflicts with britain and france (1807)

Question 75

Why was there an increase in popular politics/representation in government?

Shadow Leger

Answer 75

The voting requirements on property and wealth were lessened.

Question 76

What was caused by the Louisianna Purchase and led to Yeoman farmers moving west and the deaths of many Native Americans?

Shadow lEger

Answer 76

Indian Removal Act/ Trail of Tears

Question 77

Which war did Jackson use as his ‘claim to fame’ and what happened?

Sahdiw Leger

Answer 77

The War of 1812 was called off by federalists with the Treaty of Ghent, however Andrew Jackson won a battle after the war was over showing that America could’ve won and didn’t have to do a treatery. This was the federalists power in government’s last blow and no more federalists.

Question 78

4-4

What two political parties did the demeocratic-republicans split into during the election of 1824

Valerie Meza

Answer 78

The democrats who was led by andrew jackson and the national republicans led by henry clay

Question 79

Module 4-2

What were the causes and effects of the panic of 1819?

Grace W

Answer 79

Irresponsible banking practices caused it and it led to poverty all over the country

Question 80

Module 4-4

What change in American politics did Andrew Jackson bring by winning the election of 1828?

Grace W

Answer 80

The rise of power for a new Democratic Party

Question 81

4-3

Between 1820 and 1840, where did immigrants most commonly come from?

Caden

Answer 81

Germany and Ireland

Question 82

How did the reliance on slavery in the US change after the end of the trans-Atlantic slave trade?

Leo Griscom

Answer 82

It grew with the cotton gin, and slave owners began to rely on natural reproduction to increase slave populations.

Question 83

Who were the two people accused of the “corrupt bargain”?

Leo Griscom

Answer 83

John Quincy Adams and Henry Clay.

Question 84

What democratic party were the Whigs similar to?

Leo Griscom

Answer 84

Federalists.

Question 85

An Evangelical revival movement that began in the South in the early nineteenth century

Answer 85

Second Great Awakening

Question 86

What went on after the purchase of the Louisiana Territory?

Answer 86

Lewis and Clark Expedition (Corps of Discovery)

Question 87

Module 4-2

What led to the decline of the federalists?

Carlos Gutierrez

Answer 87

New England federalists held the Hartford Convention intending to address the War of 1812 and possibly bring an end to it. They generally sought to restrain federal power by imposing single-term limits and a two-third majority to declare war. There were also some calls for NE to secede. The US victory in the war of 1812 greatly embarrased NE federalists. In addiition, americans believed that the federalists were acting in opposition to american interests.

Question 88

Module 4-4

What led to Jackson’s victory in the election of 1828?

Carlos Gutierrez

Answer 88

Jackson won the election of 1828 largely through populism. He fostered the idea of running for office. In order to achieve this, he appealed to the people and sought to represent all their interests. He suggested reducing tariffs which greatly appealed to southerners. His military background appealed to northern workingmen and frontier farmers. Most importantly, his status as an Indian fighter appealed to westerners and southerners.

Question 89

Module 4-5

What was the outcome of Cherokee Nation vs Georgia?

Zoë Munson

Answer 89

The court ruled that the Cherokee Nation was sovereign and that Georgia could not impose state laws within their boundaries.

Question 90

Module 4-4

What was the corrupt bargain?

Zoë Munson

Answer 90

An agreement between John Quincy Addams and Henry Clay during the 1824 election that Clay would withdraw from the race in exchange for an appointment in Addams cabinet.

Question 91

Module 4-8

What was the liberty party?

Zoë Munson

Answer 91

An antislavery political party formed in 1840.

Question 92

What created participatory democracy?

Jaycee Sanchez

Answer 92

The removal of property requirements for voting and presidents, like Andrew Jackson, “running for office”

Question 93

When was the international slave trade ended?

Jaycee Sanchez

Answer 93

1808

Question 94

What are some ways African Americans created a distinct culture?

Jaycee Sanchez

Answer 94

African Americans would still tell stories, listen to music, and wear clothing from their african culture, while also mixing some of it into more American beliefs. This is seen in the mixture between religions and how African Americans would often convert to Protestant beliefs, while still incorporating their rituals and healing medicine.

Question 95

A good example of transportation affecting surrounding landscapes..

Answer 95

Erie Canal

Amelia B

Question 96

Gabriel’s rebellion was mostly inspired by what?

Answer 96

The Haitian revolt

Amelia Bosch

Question 97

Who did the corrupt bargain include, who did it affect negatively, and when was it?

Answer 97

Resulted in Andrew Jackson losing election
clay and Adam benefitted 1824

Amelia Bosch

Question 98

Period 4

What was the spoils sytem, and who was it associated with?

Ms. Matton

Answer 98

• Andrew Jackson’s method of turning over civil servant jobs to new govt officials “loyal” to him
• officials were replaced by those loyal to the new administration and were not always the most qualified for the positions
• over several presidential terms in the 1800s, it led to corruption and inefficiency
• it was ended later in the Gilded Age with the Pendleton Act (1883)

Question 99

Period 4

What is meant by the term “cult of domesticity?

Ms. Matton

Answer 99

• unlike the more public-minded idea of Republican Motherhood (esp. associated with Period 3 and the Revolution), this concept defined a woman’s role in marriage as maintaining the HOME for her husband and raising children
• women’s participation in the political sphere was limited to religious/reform activity, such as the temperance and abolitionist movements
• this included an embrace of traditional gender roles where there was a distinction between the woman’s “private” sphere vs. men’s participation in the “public” sphere

Question 100

Period 4 (and Period 5)

Who was Frederick Douglass, and what was he especially known for?

Ms. Matton

Answer 100

• an escaped slave and outspoken abolitionist
• published his own newspaper The North Star (in some ways a rival of William Lloyd Garrison’s The Liberator)
• favored POLITICAL methods of reform
• also participated and was present at some early women’s rights conventions (i.e. Seneca Falls)
• known as the father of the American Civil Rights movements

Question 101

What were the main goals/focuses of the Temperance Movement?

Answer 101

• sought a moderate or full ban on alcohol consumption
• women were especially involved in the movement
• also tied to the religious revivalism of the Second Great Awakening

Question 102

Period 4

What was the context of the Seminole Wars? (who involved, where, when)

Ms. Matton

Answer 102

• fought mostly in Florida as Seminole natives were pressured to re-locate west (~1820-1850s)
• Seminole people fought harshly in Georgia and Alabama

Question 103

Period 4

Who were the Lowell Girls?

Answer 103

• women (esp. unmarried/immigrant women) who worked in textile mills in the North (esp. during development of the industry/manufacturing from 1800-1848)

Question 104

Period 4

Question 105

When was most “Indian Removal” and the Trail of Tears?

Answer 105

1830’s