Pharacology: Lecture Notes

Question 1

What are the 6 important parts of pharmacology to vet techs?

Answer 1

1. Dispense of drugs properly
2. Inform clients about medication side effects and withdrawal times
3. Administer in-house drugs correctly
4. Recognize/detect adverse drug reactions
5. Recognize possible drug incompatibilities
6. Pharmacy skills expected of vet tech program graduates by the AVMA

Question 2

What are the 2 traditional drug sources?

Answer 2

1. Plants

2. Minerals

Question 3

What are the 5 types of plant drug sources?

Answer 3

1. Alkaloids
2. Glycosides
3. Gums
4. Resins
5. Oils

Question 4

Examples of alkaloid drugs

Answer 4

• caffeine
• nicotine
• atropine

Question 5

Example of a glycoside drug

Answer 5

Digoxin

Question 6

What are the traditional minerals that are used in drugs?

Answer 6

Na 
K
Cl
Fe 
Se

Question 7

What type of drugs can come from bacteria or fungi?

Answer 7

Antibiotics

Anthelmintics

Question 8

Example of an antibiotic that comes from bacteria or fungus

Answer 8

Penicillin

Question 9

Example of anthelmintic drug that comes from a bacteria/fungi

Answer 9

Ivermectin

Question 10

What are the drug sources that come from animals?

Answer 10

Hormones

Anticoagulants

Question 11

Example of a hormone that comes from an animal

Answer 11

Insulin

Question 12

Example of an anticoagulant that comes from an animal

Answer 12

Heparin

Question 13

How is genetic engineering used to make ingredients in drugs?

Answer 13

• recombinant DNA to make drugs like insulin

- inserting a gene into an animal’s genome to have them produce it

Question 14

True or False. In the food animal industry, it is customary and legal to examine groups of animals when prescribing drugs rather than each individual patient within the herd or flock.

Answer 14

True

Question 15

What does every prescription drug container have to have?

Answer 15

a label

Question 16

What must be done in the vet clinic when dispensing prescription drugs?

Answer 16

must keep accurate records on the use of prescription drugs for the animal and the hospital

Question 17

How should prescription drugs be disposed of?

Answer 17

1. Return drug to original distributor
2. Contract with commercial disposal company for incineration
3. Send to landfill after emptying liquid medication into kitty litter

Question 18

How should you NEVER dispose of prescription drugs?

Answer 18

flushing them down the toilet

Question 19

What is required in order for a veterinarian to order, prescribe, and dispense controlled substances?

Answer 19

a registration certificate from the Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA)

Question 20

How should controlled substances be stored?

Answer 20

in a locked and secure cabinet or safe

Question 21

How are controlled substances ordered?

Answer 21

• no special ordering requirements for schedules 3-5

- have to fill out a special request for schedule 2 drugs

Question 22

Examples of Schedule 1 Drugs

Answer 22

1. Heroin
2. LSD
3. Marijuana

Question 23

Examples of Schedule 2 Drugs

Answer 23

1. Morphine
2. Oxycodone
3. Methamphetamine

Question 24

Examples of Schedule 3 Drugs

Answer 24

1. Hydrocodone
2. Anabolic steroids
3. Ketamine

Question 25

Examples of Schedule 4 Drugs

Answer 25

1. Diazepam 2. Phenobarbital 3. Butorphanol

Question 26

Example of Schedule 5 Drug

Answer 26

1. Codeine

Question 27

How are expired controlled substances disposed of?

Answer 27

disposed through reverse distributors

Question 28

How are controlled substances identified?

Answer 28

the drug label will have a large "C" on it with roman numerals indicating the schedule in the center of the "C"

Question 29

What are the record keeping requirements for controlled substances?

Answer 29

hospital records must show the flow of controlled substance into and out of the practice - time drug is acquired, dispensed, administered, distributed, stolen, lost, disposed of, and inventoried

Question 30

How often should an inventory of the controlled substances in a hospital be done?

Answer 30

at LEAST every 2 years | usually more often

Question 31

How are controlled substances refilled as a prescription?

Answer 31

- Schedule 2: needs a new prescription each time a refill is needed - Schedule 3-5: can be refilled up to 5 times in 6 months on the same prescription before a new one is required