Pharm

Question 1

Bethanechol

Answer 1

bowel and bladder smooth muscle; resistant to acetylcholinesterase; post-op ileus, neurogenic ileus, urinary retention

Question 2

Carbachol

Answer 2

acetylcholine; constricts pupil and relieves intraocular pressure in open-angle glaucoma

Question 3

Methacholine

Answer 3

stimulates muscarinic receptors in airway when inhaled, challenge test for diagnosis of asthma

Question 4

Pilocarpine

Answer 4

contracts ciliary muscle of eye- open-angle glaucoma, pupillary sphincter (closed-angle glaucoma); resistant to acetylcholinesterase; potent stim of sweat, tears, saliva; open and closed angle glaucoma, xerostomia (sjogren syndrome)

Question 5

Donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine

Answer 5

increase acetylcholine, Alzheimer’s

Question 6

Edrophonium

Answer 6

increases acetylcholine; historically to diagnose myasthenia gravis since extremely short acting; now myasthenia diagnosed by anti-AChR antibody test

Question 7

Neostigmine

Answer 7

increase ACh
no CNS penetration since quaternary amine
post-op and neurogenic ileus, urinary retention, myasthenia gravis, reversal of neuromuscular junction blockade (post-op)

Question 8

Physostigmine

Answer 8

increase ACh; atropine overdose; anticholinergic toxicity, crosses the BBB- tertiary amine

Question 9

Pyridostigmine

Answer 9

increases ACh, increase muscle strength; maysthenia gravis (long acting) does NOT penetrate CNS- quaternary amine