Pharm Lifespan Pregnancy and Lactation Flashcards
(43 cards)
What type of drugs diffuse across the placenta?
Lipophilic
What type of drugs cross the placenta slowly?
Highly ionized drugs
What is an example of a lipohilic drug?
Thiopental
What are examples of highly ionized drugs?
Succinylcholine, tubocurarine
What drug is used in cesarean for spinal anesthesia?
Bupivicaine
What drug is used for C-secetion for pre-spinal anesthesia?
Midazolam
What drugs are used for analgesia in C-section?
Fentanyl/Remifentanil
What drugs are use for post-op pain in C-section
Acetaminophen/NSAIDs
What size drugs can easily cross placenta?
MW of 250-500
What size drugs can cross placenta with difficulty?
MW of 500-1000
What size drugs can cross placenta poorly?
Drugs with MW greater than 1000
The degree to which a drug is _____________________________ may also affect the rate
of transfer and the amount transferred.
bound to plasma
proteins (particularly albumin)
Drugs that cross the placenta enter via
the umbilical vein
About 40-60% of umbilical vein flow enters the
fetal liver
What does category A mean?
Adequate, well controlled studies have not shown increased risk of fetal abnormalities
What does category B mean?
Animal studies show no evidence of harm to fetus, but there are no studies in women
or
Animal studies shown adverse effect, but studies in women have failed
What does category C mean?
Animal studies have shown adverse effect and no studies in women
or
No animal studies and no studies in women
What does category D mean?
Adequate studies in women have shown risk. But benefits may outweigh risk
What does category X mean?
Studies in animals or women have shown evidence of fetal abnormalisties or risks, use of product is contraindicated in rpegnancy
What are symptoms of fetal alcohol syndrome?
Small head, low nasal bridge, small eye openings, short nose, thin upper lip, smooth philtrum, flat mid face, epicanthal folds
What do corticosteroids do as a fetal therapeutic?
Stimulate fetal lung maturation
What does phenobarbital do as a fetal therapeutic?
Induce fetal hepatic enzymes (glucuronidation of bilirubin)
What does digoxin, flecainide or verampil do as a fetal therapeutic?
Fetal cardiac arrhythmias
What do antivirals do as a fetal therapeutic?
Decrease/eliminate transmission to fetus
