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Systems 1 > Viral Infections of the Blood Cells > Flashcards

Viral Infections of the Blood Cells Flashcards

(55 cards)

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1
Q

What cells does the virus EBV target?

A

B lymphocytes

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2
Q

What cells does the virus B19V target?

A

Erythroid progenitors

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3
Q

What cells does the virus HIV-1 target?

A

CD4+ T lymphocytes (and monocytes/macrophages, dendritic cells)

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4
Q

What does HTLV-1 target?

A

CD4+ T lymphocytes (and CD8+ T lymph, monocytes/macrophages, dendritic cells)

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5
Q

What type of virus is EBV?

A

Herpesvirus, dsDNA, enveloped

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6
Q

What type of virus is B19V?

A

Parvovirus, ssDNA, non-enveloped

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7
Q

What type of virus are HIV-1 and HTLV-1?

A

Retroviruses, ssRNA, enveloped, RT

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8
Q

What is the transmission of EBV?

A

Spreads by bodily fluids, primarily saliva

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9
Q

Describe the primary infection from EBV

A

Infection usually asymptomatic, most people get infected in childhood

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10
Q

EBV: 1 in 4 infected teens develop

A

Infectious mononucleosis aka mono

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11
Q

EBV establishes

A

Lifelong infection

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12
Q

Is there a vaccine for EBV?

A

No

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13
Q

EBV infects

A

Tonsillar epithelium and B lymphocytes

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14
Q

What are symptoms of EBV?

A
  • Fatigue
  • Fever
  • Inflammed throat
  • Swollen lymph nodes in neck
  • enlarged spleen
  • Swollen liver
  • Rash
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15
Q

EBV is most commonly spread through saliva by:

A
  • Kissing
  • Sharing food and drinks
  • Sharing cups, utensils, toothbrushes
  • Contact with toys children have drooled on
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16
Q

Other than saliva, EBV can also spread through

A

Blood, semen, blood transfusions and organ transplantations

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17
Q

When you first get EBV, you can spread it for weeks and even before symptoms. Once EBV is in your body, it stays

A

inactive. If it reactivated, you can infect others no matter how much time has passed since first infection

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18
Q

EBV is associated with

A

Cancers and MS

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19
Q

Who is at risk for EBV?

A

People with weakened immune systems may develop more severe symptoms and complications

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20
Q

What are some complications of EBV?

A
  • Peritonsillar abscesses (pus filled tissue near tonsils)
  • Acute bacterial sinusitis (bacterial infection of the sinus cavities)
  • Suppurative lymph nodes (swelling of lymph nodes)
  • Mastoiditis (bacterial infection of the mastoid bone of the skull
  • Sialadenitis (swelling and injury of salivary glands)
  • Blockage of the air passages in the nose and throat
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21
Q

Describe how EBV can be detected?

A
  • Atypical lymphocytes (cytotoxic T cells) can be observed in the blood smear
  • Viral capsid antigen Anti-VCA igM appears early in EBV infections and usually disappears within 4-6 wks
  • Early a antigen Anti-EA IgG
  • EBV nuclear antigen (EBNA)
  • Heterophile antibodies
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22
Q

What appears in the acute phase of illness of EBV?

A

Early antigen Anti-EA IgG and it generally falls to undetectable levels after 3-6 months

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23
Q

Is there a specific treatment for EBV?

Study These Flashcards
A

No- can take drugs to manage symtposm (ibuprofen, paracetamol, rest and fluids)

24
Q

Describe the transmission of B19V

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A

Spreads through respiratory secretions: saliva, mucus, sputum

25
Describe the primary infection of B19V
Flu like symptoms followed by erythema infections, most people get infected in childhood
26
Describe how B19V affects immunocompetent people
Infection is cleared, life long antibody protection
27
Is there a vaccine to protect against B19V?
No
28
What does B19V infect?
Red blood cell progenitors and endothelial cells (blood vessel wall cells)
29
What are the symptoms of Stage 1 B19V?
Flu like illness - Malaise, headache, myalgia, rhinorrhea - Infected pt is contagious from 24-48 hours before developing prodromal syndrome till the appearance of rash
30
What are the symptoms of Stage 2 B19V?
Erythema infectiosum or fifth disease - Seen mostly in children -Infection begins with nonspecific, followed by appearance of distinctive rash on 5th day of infection
31
Who is at risk for Chronic B19V infections?
Immunocompromised patients such as those with HIV, receiving immunosuppressive therapy and transplant patients
32
What are manifestations for chronic B19 infection?
Chronic anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia
33
Is there any specific treatment for B19V?
No
34
Are there any ways to prevent and control B19V?
- No specific measures to prevent - Development of vaccine is undergoing clinical trial
35
Descriebt he laboratory diagnosis for B19V
- Demonstration of specific IgG and IgM antibodies in the serum is useful for diagnosis of erythema infections - ELISA, RIA and IFA for demonstration of IgG and IgM are available - In pregnant women: serum positive for IgG and IgM Ab indicated B19V infection within 7days-4 mo and possible risk of fetus - Positive IgG but negative IgM inficated only past infection, hence no risk of fetus - PCR is available to demonstrate B19V genome in blood
36
Describe the transmission of HIV-1
Spreads through body fluids: Blood, breast milk, semen and vaginal fluids
37
Describe the primary infection of HIV-1
Flu like symtpoms followed by asymptomatic clinical latency
38
What is the major obstacle for HIV cure?
Long-lived latency infected cell reservoir
39
What does HIV-1 infect?
- CD4+ T cells - Monocytes/macrophages/DCs - Microglia - Astrocytes, pericytes
40
Can HIV be transmitted via saliva?
No
41
What detects HIV during the 10-33 day period?
NAT
42
What is used to detect HIV during days 18-45?
Antigen/Antibody lab test
43
What test helps detect HIIV during days 18-90 days?
Rapid antigen/antibody test
44
What test detects HIV during days 23-90?
Antibody test
45
Describe the transmission of HTLV-1
Spreads through body fluids: blood, breast milk, semen, vaginal fluids
46
Describe the primary infection from HTLV-1
Infection usually asymptomatic
47
5% of HTLV-1 Infected people develop what?
ATL (adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma)
48
2% of those infected with HTLV-1 develop what?
HAM/TSP (HTLV- associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis)
49
HTLV-1 infection persists in the host by
clonal expansion of infected cells
50
Characteristic of HTLV_1 infection (especially chronic phase) is the
Virus increases or maintains its copy number not via the production of free viral particles but via the clonal expansion of infected cells
51
ATL is typically preceded by what?
Several decades of asymptomatic HTLV-1 infection
52
Most ATL cases occur in individuals
Over 50 years old
53
Most ATL patients were infected when?
In infancy
54
What is HAM/TSP?
Progressive inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (mostly spinal cord)
55
What does HAM/TSP cause?
Weakness of paralysis of legs, lower back pain, urinary symtpoms

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