Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

ABSN Cohort 19 > Pharm2 Exam1 > Flashcards

Pharm2 Exam1 Flashcards

(119 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Reproductive Drugs (5)

A 
Doxazosin
Premarin
Testoterone
Tamoxifen
Herceptin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Doxazosin CUSA (Class, Use, s/fx, and admin considerations)

A

Non-selective Alpha 1 (relaxes smooth muscle of bladder/prostate)

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and HTN

HypoTN and Ø ejaculation

Monitor BP and (care w/ nitro)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Premarin CUSA

A

Estrogen

Postmenopausal S/S

↑% embolytic event (MI, PE, DVT, CVA, CHF)
↑% endometrial/breast cancer

Ø Nicotine and monitor embolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Testosterone CUSA

A

Androgen

Hypogonadism, delayed puberty, testicular failure
*anemia if Ørx to traditional therapy

Jaundice, ↑Cholesterol, ↑% prostate cancer

Monitor AST/ALT, BG levels, and PT/INR if on anti-coagulants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Tamoxifen CUSA

A

Hormone Regulator - Estrogen Receptor Blocker (for est. dependent cancers)

Advanced breast cancer/early (precocious) puberty

Menopausal S/S, N/V, ↑Ca, Vaginal Bleeding/Discharge

↑ Comfort against Menopausal S/S, report Chest pain or SOB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Herceptin CUSA

A

Immune Suppresant - Monoclonal Antibody (targets cancerous tissue)

Metastatic Breast Cancer

Toxicity, Tachycardia, HF, N/V

ECG/Monitor, SOB/Chest pain, Dyspnea, edema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Inflammation, Immune, Transplantation, and Rheumatoid Drugs (4)

A

Celebrex
Cyclosporoin
Aspirin/Ibuprofen
Acetaminophen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Celebrex CUSA

A

Anti-Rheumatic, NSAID

Osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, chest pain

MI, bleeding, stroke, thrombosis, edema

Notify if S/S toxicity (blackstool, rash, ↑ wieght, stroke, thrombosis, edema)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Cyclosporin CUSA

A

Anti-Rheumatic (DiseaseModifying ARD), immunosuppresant

Prevent transplant rejection (w/ corticosteroids) and rheumatoid arthritis

S/S infx
Hepato/Nephrotoxicity
HTN
Bone marrow suppression
**Hirsutism (abnormal hair growth)**

Monitor BUN, creatinine, I&Os, AST/ALT, CBC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Aspirin/Ibuprofen CUSA

A

Antipyretic, non-opiod Analgesic

Fever, pain, inflammation

♥ burn, bleeding, ↓ urine output (↑ BUN/creatinine), Salicylism
Reye Syndrome (rare swelling of liver/brain)

Take w/ food, milk to ↓ gastric d/comfort

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Acetaminophen CUSA

A

Antipyretic, non-opiod Analgesic

Fever, pain

Hepatic failure, sweating, ↓K

Ø↑ 4g/day, if overdose counter w/ Mucomyst

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The ONLY Chemotherapy Agent

Methotraxate CUSA

A

Antineoplastics (anti-tumor), anti-rheumatic, immunosuppresant

Leukemia, psoriasis, malignant cancer of placenta (choriocarcinomas)

Chills, fever, fatigue

Monitor CBC q3-6mo
↑ birth control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Anticoagulant & Thrombolytic Drugs (3)

A

Warfarin
Heparin/Lovenox
Streptokinase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Warfarin CUSA

A

Anticoagulant

Thrombosis, ♥ dz

Hemorrage, toxicity

Monitor for bleeding and CBC
If overdose counter w/ VitK

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Heparin/Lovenox CUSA

A

Anticoagulant

embolisms, thrombosis, prophylaxis post-op venous thrombosis (like hip surgery)

Anticoagulant regulars (HypoTN, tachycardia, bruising, CBC)
Overdose counter w/ protamine
AVOID NSAIDS, aspirin, salicylates
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Streptokinase CUSA

A

Thrombolytic (dissolves clots)

Acute MI, transient ischemia attack, restore catheter patency

GI, GU, cerebral, and superficial bleeding

Limit INJ, monitor LoC, Monitor PT, PTT, HH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Neurological Drugs (3)

A

Levodopa
Dantrolene
Phenytoin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Levodopa CUSA

A

Anti-Parkinson

Parkinsons DZ

Dyskinesias (bobbing, tics, grimacing)
Orthostatic HypoHTN
d/colored sweat/urine

Ø High protein, MAOI, HypoTN S/S

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Dantrolene CUSA

A

Skeletal Muscle Relaxant

Spinal injur, CVA, cerebral palsy, malignant hyperthermia

drowsiness, fatigue, ↑ urinatipon

Avoid other CNS depressants and driving

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Phenytoin CUSA

A

Anti-Epileptic/Arrhythmic

clonic/psychomotor siezures

↓ CNS (dpliopia, slurred speech, dizziness)

Ø Alcohol
ONLY mix with NSS
Ø↑ 50g/min

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Testicular CA R/F and Pharm Intervention

A

Cryptorchidism, FamHx

Anti-neoplastics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Prostate CA R/F and Pharm Intervention

A

Race (Black > White > Asian), Diet, and FamHx
HEAVY METAL, STDs and Vasectomy

Anti-androgens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Androgen Fx and Indication

A

↑ electrolyte retention, protein, RBC

Delayed puberty and to delay ovulation for endometriosis (uterine skin painful overgrowth)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Androgen ↑ levels of…?

A

Warfarin, Glucocorticoids, and Oral Hypoglycemis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Androgen Monitor for...?
Bleeding, ↓Glycemia, S/S infx
26
Names of Androgens and what for..? SOUNDS TRADE NAMES?
Testosterone and Fluoxymesterone - Hypgonad/boob cancer Testolactone - boob cancer Danazol - blocks FSH/LH release in ♀ SOUNDS - Tes/Testo/Testin and Danocrine
27
Anabolic Steroids Fx and Indications
↑ tissues, RBC, and HH Anemia, cancer, ↑ protein
28
Names of Anabolic Steroids and what for...? SOUNDS TRADE NAMES?
Oxandrolone - ↑ weight, prtoein, ↓ cancer Oxymetholone - anemia Stanozol - Hx angioedema Oxa and Drol/Strol
29
Adfx Androgens/Anabolic Steroids and things to monitor
Gender trait switches ↓ LDL ↑ HDL Monitor liver, ♥, LDL/HDL
30
Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Testing | Class, 2 tests, ↑ levels =?
Single-Chain Glycoprotein test with finger up butthole and Blood labs for antigen ↑ levels indicate prostate CA
31
Herceptin
Binds to HER2 tumor cells and MARKS FOR DESTRUCTTIION
32
BRCA genetic markers and CA
BRCA1 and 2 help repair mutated DNA. | If they are mutated... ↑% CA
33
Pros and Cons of HRT of Menopausal S/S
Pros ↓ S/S, ↓% CV dz, dementia, and osteoporosis Cons ↑% breast/cervical CA, ↑ %CVdz, clots, and gallstones
34
Organ Preservation
Date/time of death with consent form. Infuse organ w/ preservation solution Package in preservative, triple bagged on ice
35
Histocompatibility
Ability of cells and tissue to live w/out interference from the immune system (MHC I and II are key) More likely with family members/twins
36
Immunosuppresant Drug therapy
Immunosuppresants + Corticosteroids blcok inflam/immune fx to ↓ dmg to transplant
37
Macrolide Antibiotics
``` Tacrolimus FK506 (Prograf) From soil fungus, ↓ T lymphs ``` Sfx ↑ BP/BG levels Monitor BP/BG
38
Antimeabolites
Azathioprine or AZA (Imuran) Cytotoxic Agents USED to be drug of choice for Øgraft rejection but is TOXIC ↓ DNA/RNA synthesis, Targets T lymphs and some B lymphs Replaced by Mycophenolate Mofetil (MMF)
39
Take MMF after or before meals?
After
40
Antibodies r/t Acute Organ Rjx
OKT# (Monoclonal) | Atgam (Polyclonal)
41
HyperAcute Rjx
Immediately via Antibodies (min - hrs) | Adhere to blood vessels and clot, r/in necrosis/inflammation of organ
42
Acute Rjx
1 - 3 weeks Includes 2 fx: HyperAcute+ Cellular Response Can be tx with medication
43
Cellular Response
T and NK penetrate organ and r/in inflammatory resp. and lysis of organ TYPE4 T lymphs and macrophages attack and destroy
44
Chronic Rjx
Humoral, antibodies slowly attack graft over years | Similar to HyperAcute but at lower lvl
45
Blood Labs and what they monitor (5)
CBC - most common, RBC, HH, platelets, WBCs Chemistry/Metabolis - Glucose, electrolytes, and Kidney fx Enzyme - ♥ troponin, creatine kinase Lipoprotein - Cholestrol, L/HDL, Triglyercides Blood Clotting - PT, PTT, INR
46
4 Types of Immunity
Primary - macrophage consumes antigen, r/in TH cells which activate B cells Secondary - B cells respond to antigens and ↑ plasma antibody levels Vaccination - simulates primary Booster Shot - simulates secondary
47
Vascular vs. Cellular Stage of Acute Inflammation
``` Vasc - prostaglandin/leukotrienes ↑permeability r/in warmth and WBC access Cellular - WBC↑ Granuloytes Monocytes Leukocytes and Liver fx together to destroy ```
48
``` Granulocyte FX Neutro Eosino Baso Mast ```
arrive w/in 90 min ↑ blood release histamine/mediators release histamine but in CT
49
Monocyte and Leukocyte FX
Mono - macrophage stuff | Leuko - adhesive proteins clot and mediate ↑ response
50
Liver Fx in immune resp.
↑ fibrinogen and CRP
51
Chronic Inflammation vs Acute
Macrophages and Lymphocytes replace NEUTOPHILS which r/in Granulomatous Inflammation Fibroblasts replace EXUDATES
52
Granulomatous Inflammation
- distinctive s/s to chronic inflammation where macrophages and CT surround foreign bodies (like in TB)
53
4 Types of Hypersensitivity
1 - allergic rx and anaphylactic IgE r/in degranulation which dominos inflammation response 2 - Cytotoxic, IgG and IgM's attack antigens of surfaces (RBC transfusion) which domino 3 - IgM's clump around vessel walls and r/in tissue dmg 4 - TH improperly attack wrong antigens
54
``` IgA IgD IgE IgG IgM ```
``` in mucous, blocks entrance in B cells, rx to antigens in mast cells, c/ inflammation in fluids, attacks antigens in fluids, clumps antigens ```
55
Antibodies and complement proteins
Antibodies couple and Compliment proteins rx to antigen and DESTROY cell
56
NK cells (Natural Killers)
Don't need MHC or antibodies to kill
57
CD4 (T-Helpers)
Attach to MHC 2 proteins and c/ immune response
58
CD8 (T Cytotoxic)
Attach to MHC 1 and KILL
59
B Lymphocites (CD4 followup)
Only attacks cells w/ T-helpers on... then r/in... Memory B - remain and fight against Plasma - produce antibodies against
60
``` Exudate Types serous Sanguinous/Hemorrhagic Fibrinous Membranous Purulent ```
``` water plasma RBC's ind. vessel dmg thick whitish r/t necrotic cell collection pus, malodorous, ind. infx ↑ swelling and pain ```
61
Anti-Inflammation Drugs (5)
``` Corticosteroids Antihistamines Salicylates NSAIDS Anti-Arthritics ```
62
Salicylates like aspirin!
Block prostaglandins and thromboxane A. Ø w/ NSAIDS and tatazine Salicylism is when ↑ levels r/in ear issues, confusion, and diarrhea
63
NSAIDS like Tylenol!
5 Types Block prostaglandins and COX1-2 Ø w/ salicylates, sulfonamindes, and GI issues
64
5 Types of NSAIDS
``` Proprionic Acids Acetic Acids Fenamates Oxicam Derivatives COX-2 Inhibitors ```
65
Anti-Arthritics (GOOOLD!!!)
gold salt tx where gold is consumed by macrophages and blocks phagocytosis. Used if traditional therapy Øfx CAN BE VERY TOXIC. Ø w/ DM1-2 and CV r/t issues (♥, vessels, blood)
66
Salicylates prototype and -suffixes
Aspirin | -ide, -ine, -late
67
NSAIDS prototype and -suffixes
Ibuprofen | -profen, -rozin
68
Acedtic Acid -suffixes
-ac, -cin, -ton, -tin
69
Fenamates buzzwords
Long Meclo/Mef names
70
OxiCAM derivative -suffixes
-cam
71
COX2 Inhibitor -suffix
-coxib
72
Benign vs. Malignant Neoplasms/Tumors
Benign - non-cancerous (moles, uterine fibroids, lipomas) | Malignant - metastasizes and SPREADS!!! (aka CA)
73
Secondary Neoplasm
- metastatic offshoot of primary tumor or an unr/t tumor that ↑ in freq w/ chemo and radiotherapy
74
Herceptin in Biological Therapy
tx with drugs that stop cancer cells from communicating to divide. It's called Trastuuzumab and is used against early breast cancer. Also ↓% of cancer coming back post-op
75
Methotrexate Class and Use
Prototype Antimetabolite Agent Interferes w/ cells that reproduce quickly. Counters CA, bone marrow, and skin cells. Good against ALL CA, psoriasis, and rheumatoid arthritis
76
Acute Coronoary Syndrome/Acute Myocardial Infarction
Atherosclerosis of coronary arteries c/b plaque growth
77
Two types of plaque growth and fx
Stable - rich lipid core inflames b/c it attracts platelets/thrombus formation Unstable - r/in unstable angina's and MI's
78
ACS/AMI Key S/S
ACS Chest pain >20 min @ rest (sitting on chest) More severe per episode Radiates to LUE and jaw AMI Many are ASYMPTOMATIC
79
2 Types of MI classifications
Transmural - full thickness of vent. wall | Sub-endocardial - 1/3 vent wall.
80
Anticoagulant Fx
Ø clotting/thrombin formation r/in bleeding, GI upset, etc. Overdose counter w/ VitK or Coumadin (Warfarin)
81
Heparin rx (drug 2 drug) with...? (5) Overdose counter?
``` Oral anti-coags, salicylates, PCN, cephalosporins, and nitroglycerin ``` Protamine Sulfate
82
Warfarin rx (drug 2 drug) with...?
Basically everything...
83
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Maintains state of anti-coagulation if pt is in danger of clot formation
84
Heparin (Generic)
Ø prothrombin to thrombin
85
Argatroban (Acova)
Tx thrombosis r/t Heparin induced thrombocytopenia
86
Bivalirudin (AngioMax)
w/ aspirin prevents ischemic events
87
Antiplatelets Use and adfx
↓ platelet aggregation by blocking receptor site of platelet membrane (with Anagrelide) Ø use with recurrent ♥ issues Bleeding
88
Thrombolytic Drugs Fx, route, adfx
Activates plasminogen to plasmin, which breaks fibrin threats in clots INJ, metabolized by liver Bleeding, HypoTN
89
Drug r/t PT/INR, PTT, and Platelet therapy?
PT/INR = Warfarin (Coumadin) PTT = Heparin Platelet - Antiplatelet Drugs
90
Myoglobin Troponin I & T Creatine Kinase and MB Onset of Myocardial Dmg and Markers
1 hour / 4 - 8 hours 3 hours / 7 - 10 days 4 - 8 hrs/ 2 - 3 days
91
Preload Afterload Cardiac Tamponade
Degree of stretch @ end of diastole Resistance on ventricles c/b resistance via vessels Pressure on ♥ c/b fluid between myocardium (♥ muscle) and outer covering (pericardium)
92
Zones of Myocardial Dmg
Ischemic - recovers if flow is re-established (Time is Myocardium) Injury - some can be salvaged, some die Necrotic - dead and will never come back Outside V Inside
93
Digoxin Positive and Negative Fx? Contraindications? and OD counter?
+Inotropic - ↑ force of conraction -Chronotropic - ↓ HR Ø if HR
94
Thrombolytic vs. Anticoagulant
Thromos - plasminogen -> plasmin which break clots | Anticoags - interfere with clotting process
95
Multiple Sclerosis
Immune-mediated destruction of myelin Stage 1 - inflammatory lesions Stage 2 - r/in demylenation and ↓ conduction
96
Myasthenia Gravis
Bacteria in nerves r/in ptosis/diplopia. ↓Neurological fx apply Myasthenia Crisis = respirations compromised Acetylcholine Øfx
97
Tx for MG
Anticholinesterase Corticosteroids Cyclosportine Antibiotics Pyrido/Neostigmine for long term tx
98
Parkinsons, Alzheimers, and Siezures
Rigid Forget Involuntary
99
Provoked vs. Unprovoked Siezures
Provoked are caused by fever, ↓BG, CNS infx, etc. | Unprovoked cause unknown
100
``` Absence Atonic Myoclonic Tonic-Clonic Generalized Siezures ```
↓ consciousness ↓ muscle tone muscle contraction/stiffening muscle contraction + LoC ^ starts Tonic Phase - rigid/LoC then Clonic - rhythmic jerking Siezures w/out recovery (involves both hemispheres of brain)
101
Complex | vs Simple Focal/Local Siezures
Syncope for 1-3 min f/b amnesia (temporal) | Conscious but exp. smell or pain
102
Cluster Tension Migraine Headaches
Episodic, 1-8 a day b/c vasorx and hypothalamus, Pain in forhead, temporal, and eyes. Caused by stress or oromandiublar d/fx Pain in neck and shoulders R/t arterial inflammatory process Common - 85% no aura, throbbing, visual disturbance Classic - aura -> pain with S/S similar to Common (5 - 20 minutes before pain)
103
Cluster Tension Migrane Headaches S/S
Sharp, steady pain Dull band around head Severe throbbing
104
Ergot Derivatives and Triptans
Block alpha-adrenergic/serotonin receptors and reduce headaches Rx w/ betablockers Binds to serotonin sites and tx acute migrane (not prevent) Rx w/ ergots and MAOIS ↑ fx
105
Preventative Migrane Therapy (5)
``` Anti-inflammatory NSAIDS Smooth Muscle Relaxants Beta-Blockers CaChnl blockers ```
106
Tx for Alzheimers Dz (5)
``` Donepezil (Aricept) = prototype Galantamine (Razadyne) Rivastigmine (Exelon) Tacrine (Cognex) Memantine (Namendia) = newest ```
107
Tx Multiple Sclerosis with...?
Dantrolene
108
Huntington's Dz r/in...?
Loss of nerves in brain and brain cells
109
Tx Parkinsons w/...? (2)
Anticholinergics and Dopaminergics
110
Anticholinergic Fx
Block ACh in CNS to normalize dopamine imbalance Tx Parkinsons Ø w/ GI/GU obs
111
Dopaminergic Tx (Levodopa) Fx
MAINSTAY TX Parkinsonism Always given with Carbidopa (Sinemet) which counters levels Rx with MAOS and VitB
112
Seizure Drugs (5)
``` Hydantoins Barbiturates Gabapentin Succinimides Benzos ```
113
Hydantoins (Dilantin and Fosphenytoin)
Tx tonic-clonic seizures Ø use with absence seizures (will ↑% frequency) Ø mix with NSS or give >50mg/min Controls short term seizures
114
Barbituates (3)
Phenobarbital - emergency control Primdone - partial control Mephobaribital - absence seizures Ø give is RR
115
Gabapentin Tx
Partial seizures | Ø give w/in 2 hrs of antacids
116
Succinimides (2)
Valporic Acid - absence seizures | Ethosuximide - DRUG OF CHOICE for absence seizures
117
Benzodiazepines (2)
Diazepam - prototype, relieves anxiety/spasms | Clonazepam - absence and myoclonic seizures
118
R/F for Seizure activity (6)
``` Fever Electroimbas ↓BG CNS infx/dmg Alcohol withdrawal Stroke ```
119
OD Counters for Benzos and Opiods
Benzo counter w/ Romazicon (Flumazenil) | Opiods counter w/ Naloxone (Ø PO)

ABSN Cohort 19 (28 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions