PHARMACOLOGY Flashcards
(71 cards)
1
Q
- study of drugs and their origins, nature, properties, and effects on living organism
A
PHARMACOLOGY
2
Q
- Any chemical substance that produces biological response in a living system
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Drug
3
Q
- A substance used as medicine to aid in the diagnosis, treatment, or prevention of disease
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Drug
4
Q
- A biologic is an agent naturally produced in animal cells, microorganism, or by the body itself such as hormone, natural blood products or vaccine
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Drug
5
Q
- Is a system of naming drugs
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Drug Nomenclature
6
Q
Classification of drug:
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NAME, ACTION, LEGAL
7
Q
- It identifies the actual chemical structure/formula of the drug
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Chemical Name
8
Q
- Is often complex and is seldom of practical importance to technologist
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Chemical Name
9
Q
- Name given by to the drug when it becomes commercially available
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Generic Name
10
Q
- Derived from the more complex chemical name
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Generic Name
11
Q
- Also called NONPROPRIETY name
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Generic Name
12
Q
- The name given to a drug by manufactured by a specific company
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Trade/ Brand Name
13
Q
Drugs having the same chemical reactions are group together into categories called
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drug families
14
Q
drugs require an order of a physician
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Rx/ Prescription Drugs
15
Q
Can be obtained legally without prescription
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OTC Drugs
16
Q
Methods of Drug Classification
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- Chemical Group
- Mechanism/site of action
- Primary Effect
17
Q
- It may determine the speed, or onset, drug therapeutic effects.
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Drug Dose Forms
17
Q
- It refers to the type of preparation or the manner in which the chemical agent is transported in to the human body.
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Drug Dose Forms
18
Q
a granulated drug compressed into a solid hard disc.
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TABLET
19
Q
Some TABLETS are coated called
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enteric coated
20
Q
most common oral dose form.
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- Tablet
21
Q
Easiest to administer
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- Tablet
22
Q
a powdered or liquid contained in a gelatin shell, which dissolves in the stomach and releases its contents
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- Capsule
23
Q
a broad range of drugs whose volatile vapors are taken via nose and trachea
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- Inhalant
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t is a dose form shaped for insertion into a body orifice
- Suppository
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A dose form in which on or more drugs are dissolved in a liquid carrier.
- Solution
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Administered orally or parenterally
- Solution
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dose form in which one or more drugs in small particles are suspended in a liquid carrier
- Suspension
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orally administered, NEVER intravenously
- Suspension
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Dose form that permits a drug to be applied on the skin surface, where it is absorbed in the bloodstream
Transdermal patch
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- All drugs must be in liquid form to be
absorbed
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solid or tablet form must go through a phase called
pharmaceutic phase
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what dose form do not go through the pharmaceutic phase of absorption until they reach the small intestine where they are dissolved in an alkaline media.
- Enteric-coated
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- The study of how a drug is absorbed into the body, circulated within the body, is changed by the, and leaves the body
Pharmacokinetics
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4 basic factors influence that movement of a drug:
absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion
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defined as the movement of a drug from its site of administration into the blood.
absorption
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– is defined as drug movement from the blood to various tissues and organ of the body.
- Distribution
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is defined as the chemical alteration of various substance(drug).
- Metabolism
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the main organ involved in drug metabolism, taking a drug that is fat soluble and turning It into a water soluble substance so it can be eliminated form the body
Liver
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is the movement of the drug out of the body
- Excretion
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most important organ for drug excretion
Kidney
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Other factors that can affect the intended drug effect:
- Age
- Sex
- Genetics
- Weight
- Route
- Time of administration
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abnormal response to a drug cause by individual genetic differences
Idiosyncratic reaction
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– result from the drug acting on tissues other than those intended action
Side effects
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– are adverse drug effects related to the dose of drug administered
Toxic Effect
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when the body’s immune system is hypersensitive to presence of the drugs
Allergic Reaction -
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may range from mild response such as hives to severe life-threatening r
Immediate reaction
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is usually less severe and may become evident for hours or even days after drug administration
Delayed reaction
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- is a drug-induced state which patients will respond normally to verbal command
Minimal Sedation (anxiolysis)
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Sedation levels:
Minimal Sedation (anxiolysis)
Moderate Sedation or analgesia(conscious sedation)
Deep sedation/ analgesia
General Anesthesia
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- cognitive function and coordination may be affected but ventilation and CV fxn are unaffected.
Moderate Sedation or analgesia(conscious sedation)
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- depression of consciousness occurs, but patient respond purposefully to verbal commands. Ventilation is adequate and CV fxn is usually maintained
Deep sedation/ analgesia
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- loss of consciousness during which patient are not arousable even to painful stimuli
General Anesthesia
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requires no cellular membrane.
Passive Diffusion
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most important determinant in deciding whether a drug will cross cell membranes, although water solubility is also of importance.
Lipid Solubility
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is another method of drug absorption
Active Transport
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Routes of Drug Administration
oral, sublingual, topical, parenteral
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- Most common method of drug administration
1. Oral
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The drug us usually taken by mouth and swallowed; it is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract1.
1. Oral
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- The drug is placed under the tongue and allowed to dissolve
- Its must not be swallowed
2. Sublingual
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- It means application of drugs directly into the skin. The drug is diffused through the skin and absorbed into the bloodstream.
3. Topical
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- administration of drugs by injection or by a route other than the gastrointestinal tract.
4. Parenteral
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- There are three common routes of parenteral:
Intramuscular
Subcutaneous
Intravenous
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degree of subcutaneous
45
64
degree of intramascular
90
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Degree of intravenous
10-15
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- the amount of drug that actually reaches the systemic circulation becomes bioavailable.
State of Bioavailability
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Drugs taken orally are usually absorbed in the
small intestine
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partial metabolism of a drug before it reaches the systemic circulation is
called
first-pass effect
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The particular area for which a drug is intended and that receives a
maximum effect of a drug is called the
drug receptor.
70
is the factor
that determines the concentration of drug necessary to accomplish its
intended effect.
Affinity
