POI Flashcards by P A N E

Uses film and cassette

Conventional Radiograph

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Utilize capture element rather than radiographic film

CR-DR

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1st to propose that matter is made up of tiny indivisible particle or element called ATOM.

John Dalton

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Raisins are the positive
-
Whole pudding is the negative aspect

JJ Thompson

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Define miniature of solar system
-
Electron cloud

Ernest Rutherford

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States that there are different energy level per orbit

Neils Bohr

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discovered the neutron in 1932

James Chadwick

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3 Aspects of Physical Science

1.
Electricity
2.
Vacuum
3.
Image Recording Materials

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emits light when stimulated with high penetrating energy

Scintillator

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The distribution of light is even because of high atomic number

Phosphor

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Roentgen discovered x-rays

November 8, 1895,

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On 28 December 1895, Roentgen submitted a report entitle

On a New Kind of Rays

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On _____, Roentgen submitted a report entitle

28 December 1895

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first thing he exposed

hand

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First Nobel prize in Physics on

1901

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Roentgen died on

Feb 10 1923

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Capability of the energy to pass thru a material

Penetration

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– is defined as the use of ionizing radiation to produce a recorded image on photosensitive material

Radiography

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The image produced using x-radiation is called

radiograph.

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represents the image recorded on photosensitive material, which is usually called

x-ray film

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refers to radiation that has both electrical and magnetic properties

Electromagnetic radiation

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Refers to the difference of radio density present in our radiograph

Contrast

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Determine the different structure

Contrast

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IN CR-DR THE CONTRAST REFERS TO THE

BRIGHTNESS AND DARKNESS

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Degree of blackening

Density

act both the waves and like particles.

X-RAY

Is described as a discrete bundle of energy

Photon

Number of cycles per unit time

Frequency

unit of rrequency

hertz/Hz

Distance between the 2 crests

wavelength

relationship of wavelength and frequency

inversely related

relationship of frequency and energy

directly proportional

Study of the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter resulting into a physical change or chemical creation

Photochemistry

3 factors

kvp ma, exposure time

how long/short the exposure will happen

exposrue times

responsible ofr contrast

kvp

responsible for density

is the most important part of the x-ray machine because the tube is where the x-rays are actually produced

x-ray tube

two interaction in x-ray production

bremsstrahlung and characteristic

interaction in image production

photoelectric and compton

Is a negatively charge electrode

cathode

Cathode is compose of

filament and focusing cuo

surround the filament determining the pathway of electricity

focusing cup

source of electron

filament( Tungsten)

Is a coiled tungsten wire that is the source of electrons during x-ray production.

Filament

without___there is no production of x-ray.

filament

focusing cup is made up of

nickel

It has a negative charge, which keeps the cloud of electrons emitted from the filament from spreading apart. Its purpose is to focus the stream of electron.

Focusing Cup

Responsible for determining the pathway of electron from cathode side to anode side.

Focusing Cup

Is a positively charged electrode.

anode

anode consist of

target

Is a metal that abruptly decelerates and stops electrons in the tube current, thereby allowing the production of x-rays.

target

Rotating anodes are manufactured to rotate at a set speed ranging from

3000-10000

the target is made up of

90 tungsten and 10 rhenium

atomic number of tungsten

melting point of tungsten

3410

rotor is made up of

copper

is an electric motors that turns the rotor at very high speed during x-ray production

stator

oil used in rotor

diala by toyota

Heat that is produced when the x-ray exposure is made

Dissipating Heat

true or false to feeling ko

Rotating anodes can withstand higher heat loads than stationary anodes because the rotation causes a greater physical area, or focal track, to be exposed to electrons.

Known as Edison effect

themionic effect

amount of heat being produce in Cathode side

2,200°c - 2,500°c

total amount of heat (buong x-ray tube)

2, 500°c – 3,000°c

the Electron flow in only one direction in the x-ray tube-from cathode to anode

tube current

total absorption of x-ray of our body, the result will be the contrast.

Photoelectric

only contributes to the density

Compton Effect

high Compton effect creates

image noise

INCREASE DISTANCE =

DECREASE FACTOR BY 4

Milliamperage and exposure time have an ____- relationship when maintaining the same mAs.

inverse

SID and X-Ray Beam Intensity RELATIONSHIP

INVERSE

Are determined by the extent to which structural components of the anatomic area of interest can be seen on the recorded image.

PHOTPGRAPHIC PROPERTIES

SENSITIVITY OF SHC

SPEED

ACCEPTABLE OPTIMAL DENSITY IN RADIOGRAPH

LATITUTDE

Relationship of FILTERS and LOW ENERGY PHOTONS

IR to each other

FILTERS and PT DOSE

IR to each other

LOW ENERGY PHOTONS and PT DOSE

DP to each other

ANODE ANGLE USE IN GEN RAD

7-12

ANGLE USE IN FLUOROSCOPY

15-20

As anode angle increase heat dissipation????

INCREASE

WHERE DOES ALUMINUM USE AS ADDED FILTRATION

GEN RAD

FILTER USE IN FLUROSCOPY

ALU AND COPPER

filter use in mammo

molybdenum

are special filters to be added to the primary beam to alter its intensity

Compensating Filters

types of compensating filters

wedge and trough

It has a double wedge. Commonly used for AP thorax to compensate for the easily penetrated air-filled lungs

Trough Filters

– most common type of compensating filt

Wedge Filters

heat unit formula

HU = mA x time x kVp x generator factor

genrator factor for single hpase

1.00

generator factor for three phase 6 pulse

1.35

generator factor for three phase 12 pulse

1.41e

generator factor for high frequency

1.45

fat/lipid

6.3

lung

7.4

bone

3) distinct processes occur during beam attenuation

absorption. scattering, transmission

partial absorption of intensity

attenuation

POI Flashcards

(98 cards)