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MED 1022 Wks 7-12 > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

(101 cards)

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0
Q

beta blocker AE

A

nightmares, exercisee intolerance

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1
Q

Pilocarpine

A

Eye drops for glaucoma

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2
Q

ca blocker AE

A

peripheral oedema, GORD-gastro oesophageal reflux disease

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3
Q

glyceryl trinitrate/nitrates AE

A

interacts with sildenofil, hypotension

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4
Q

digoxin AE

A

visual disturbances, hypokalaemia, arrythmic (causes U waves)

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5
Q

ACE inhibitor AE

A

dry cough- switch to ARB

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6
Q

diuretic AE

A

hypokalaemia

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7
Q

asthma NO:

A

B blocker, no NSAIDS

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8
Q

for SVT use:

A

adenosine

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9
Q

Nitrates adverse effects

A

headache
hypotension-fainting
tachycardia
flushing

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10
Q

B SCARED

AE for beta blocker

A

bradycardia

sleep disturbance/NIGHTMARES
cold hands
asthamatics (bronchoconstriction)
rebound angina/HT-hypertension- upon withdrawal
EXERCISE INTROLERANCE
depression/sedation
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11
Q

uses of beta blocker

A

angina -prevnetative
hypertension -not 1st line
stable heart failure
arrythymias

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12
Q

digoxin used for

A

AF (A fib)

HF

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13
Q

K+ channel blockers used for

A

SVT
ectopic focus
ventricular tachycardia

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14
Q

Beta blockers used for -in arrythimias

A

Afib/flutter

post MI

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15
Q

A fib-use wat

A

DIGOXIN, ca blocker, beta blocker

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16
Q

paroxysmal SVT-use wat?

A

adenosine, verapamil

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17
Q

V fib-use wat?

A

lignocaine (post MI), beta blcoker/k channel blocker for prevention

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18
Q

bradycardia-use wat?

A

acute: atropine, adrenaline, isoprenaline
crhonic: stop meds, pacemaker

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19
Q

defibrillation for wat?

A

ventricular fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia

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20
Q

atropine

A

muscarinic antagonist= increase sympa effects

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21
Q

hypercholesterolemia-use wat>

A

STATIN (atorvastatin)
resin,
ezetimibe, niacin,
fibrate

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22
Q

hypertriglyceridemia -use wat?

A

FIBRATE (gemifibrozil)
niacin
fish oil

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23
Q

histamine, bradykinin

A

CAUSE pain

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24
postaglandin
POTENTIATE pain
25
blcoks COX 1
low dose aspirin
26
blcosk COX 2
paracetamol, meloxicam, celeoxib (increase risk of MI)
27
block both cox 1 and 2
hihg dose aspirin, most NSAIDS
28
SE of aspirin poisoning/salicylism
``` tinnitus deafness headache confusion convulsion coma death ```
29
management of aspirin poisoning
forced alkaline diuresis, charcoal, haemodialysis
30
opioids MOA
``` bind to opioid receptor K+ channel stimulated (open) Ca2+ channel inhibited (close) =hyperpolarise cell =less neurotransmitter =less pain message sent ```
31
opioids SE
``` constipation sedation nausea vomiting addiction ```
32
opioids effects
``` analgesia euphoria/dysphoria resp depression sedation pupil constriction ```
33
opioid targets
- spinal cord (substantia gelatinosa) | - pereaqueductal gray (brain)
34
morphine
severe pain, last 3-6 hrs
35
pethidine
childbieth
36
codeine
high dose-mod -severe pain | low dose- cough suppression
37
destromethorphan
cough suppresion
38
tramadol
enhance 5-HT transmission | chronic pain
39
naloxone
opioid antagonist-used for opioid overdose/only work on ppl with hyperalgesia
40
local anaes-blocking order
``` pain cold warmth touch deep pressure motor ```
41
local anaes block wat state of N channel?
open and inactive
42
local anaes use with wat?
vasoconstrictors (adrenaline, felypressin) -but not in fingers/toes/penis cos will get ischemia and necrosis
43
LA: | unionised= .... lipoplilcity
unionised= high lipophilicity
44
LA: | in acidosis
``` decrease effect (decrease ph, increase ionised , get into cell less) ```
45
LA: want ... to get in. want ... to work inside cell
want unionised to get in. want ionised to work in cell.
46
LA: .... determines potency
lipophilicity
47
types of LA
ester:amethocaine | amide-bupivicaine, lignocaine
48
amethocaine
spinal n corneal anaes | short half life
49
bupivicaine
epidural anaes (pregnancy
50
lignocaine
local anaes- (gen surgery) | long
51
LA side effects- CNS
``` resp depression metaliic taste tongue numb shivering restlessness ```
52
LA side effects-CVS
myocardial depression/conduction blcok vasodialiotion togez= decrease bp, death
53
glucocorticoid MOA transactivation
increased lipocortin-1 = annexin 1 (PLA2 inhibitor | phospholipase A2 inhibiiotr)
54
glucocorticoid MOA transpression
decrease cytokine decrease interleukin decrease prostanoids decrease COX
55
zona glom
makes mineral corticoids (aldosterone) | kidney salt water balance
56
zona fas
``` makes glucocorticoids carbo, protein metabolism, immunosuppresssion antiinflamatory regulatory ```
57
zona ret
makes androgens (e.g. testosterone)
58
core drug steroids 1
prednisolone | -asthma n ms etc
59
core drug steroid 2
dexamethasone infla of eye, RA
60
core drug steroid 3
fluticasone | asthma preventer
61
steroid SE
``` increase risk of diabetes/hyperglycaemia growth suppression osteoporosis hypertension increase risk of infection ```
62
RA
severe jnt inflammation more common in females linked to smoking
63
DMARD drugs
methotrexate sulfasalazine infliximab leflunomide
64
methotrexate
folate agonist cause increase adenosine also for cancer AE: git disturbance myelosuppresion hepatotoxicity
65
sulfasalazine
decrease cytokine production n decrease inflammatory respond AE: git disturbance decrease sperm count myelosuppression
66
leflunomide
pyrimidine synthesis inhib AE diarrhoea, hair loss (alopecia)
67
infliximab
blcok TNF alpha (a proinflammatory cytokine)
68
gout drugs
allopurinol | colchicine
69
allopurinol
inhibit xanthine oxidase= decrease uric acid production AE: itchy, rash Interaction: amoxyliiin, ampicillin -may increase risk of rash
70
colchicine
binds to tubulin, disrupt cytoskeleton assembly, neutrophil down =decrease leukocyte migration to jnt AE -nausea, vomiting, diarrohea (git stuff-high turnover cells)
71
ACE inhibitor MOA
angiotensin 1 X angiotensin 2 vasodialition, decrease BP perindopril
72
angiotensin 2 receptro blcoker (ARB/sartan) MOA
block angiotensin 2 receptor, less vasoconstriction, decrease bp irbessartan
73
diuretic MOA
blcok Na+/K+/2Cl- carrier decrease blood volume n pressure frusemide hydrocholoro thiazide spironolactone (increase K + in body)
74
nitrates MOA
vasodilation | in veins, arteries n coronary arteries
75
beta blocker MOA
blocks beta 1 adrenoreceptor decrease sympa drive to heart atenolol propanolol
76
ca channel blocker MOA
verapamil-centrally -decrease BP, decrease heart rate (slow down SA firing n AV conduction, decrease force of contraction of heart) amlodipine -peripheral-vasodialtion -decrease bp, reflex compensatory increase HR
77
digoxin
inhibit Na+/K+ ATPase increase contraction force (HF) slow down AV node, stimulates vagal activity ( AFib)
78
Na+ channel blcoker
slow down HR block phase 0 longer to reach peak of castle lignocaine- vent arrhythmias-eg after MI
79
beta blocker for arrhythmia
decrease sympa on heart decrease sympa on SA n AV node (decrease SA firing, AV conductionn)= decrease BP longer funny current (phase 4) atenolol, propanolol
80
K channel blocekr
stretched out castle (longer phase 3) decrease heart rate sotalol, amiodarone
81
beta blocker arrhythmia indication
afib, Flut | post MI
82
ca channel blocker for arrythymia
verapamil, diltiazem (non DHP) verapamil used orally for AF, prevent occurrence of paroxysmal super ventricular tachcardia
83
adenosine
hyperpolarises cardiac conducting tissue slow AV node via A1 receptor Promptconversionofsupraventriculartachycardiato sinus rhythm
84
statin MOA
blcok HMG CoA reductase enzyme incrase LDL receptr incrase choles clearance atorvastatin
85
fibrates MOA
act on PPAR alpha recep stimimulate LPL enzyme increase hepatic LDL uptake gemfibrozil
86
resin MOA
bind to bile not enough bile suck up more chiles from circulation
87
ezetimibe MOA
inhibit choles absorption at GIT
88
niacin MOA
inhibit VLDL secretion from liver
89
nsaids
block COX antiflam analgesic antipyretic weak antithrom
90
DMARDS for wat disease
RA
91
DMARDS drugs
methtrexate sulfasalazine infliximab leflunomide
92
gout drugs
allopurinol | colchicine
93
allopurinol MOA
inhibit xanthine oxidase | make less uric acid
94
colchicine mOA
bind to tubulin dusrupt cytokseleton neutrophil screwwed increase leukocyte migration tojnt
95
botulism
cuts SNAP -25 | can't dock
96
Wheezing, bradycardia, low BP. which drug?
- beta blocker, atenolol
97
Overdose on beta blocker causes?
- HF, bradycardia, pulmonary depression
98
AMIODARONE
K channel blocker
99
side effect of organophosphate poisoning/too much anticholinesterase= too much ACH
``` Salivation Lacrimation Urination Diahorra G I upset Emesis ```
100
gemifibrozil
fibrate

MED 1022 Wks 7-12 (15 decks)

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