HEP

Question 1

associated with accelerated telomere shortening

Answer 1

coping poorly with being the stress of a carer
pemissism
chronically poor sleep
workplace stress
a wandering mind -The greater the level of mind wandering, the greater the level of telomere shortening

Question 2

DatarelatesCADriskto5specificpsychosocial domains

Answer 2

depression
anxiety
personality factors (anger n hostility, not Type A)
social isolation
chronic life stress

Question 3

associated with shorter telomeres

Answer 3

smoking 
processed meat
red meat in absences of resistant starch
high BMI
high homocysteine

Question 4

associated with longer telomeres

Answer 4

VIT D
folate
omega 3 fatty acid
vit C
vit E

Question 5

doctors get

Answer 5

liver cirrhosis

suicide

Question 6

self care=\

Answer 6

good

Question 7

self prescribe/self managing=bad

Answer 7

self care=good

self prescribe/self managing=bad

Question 8

Workplace stress has been related to three main domains (Karasek and Theorell)

Answer 8

– Control

– Support – Demands

Question 9

Lack of &
predictive factors for depression and anxiety
among mental health students

Answer 9

autonomy (control) & connectedness

Question 10

reasons for using complementary med

Answer 10

enhance outcomes
reduce side effects
reduce costs

Question 11

excessive noise is also associated with

Answer 11

decreased wound healing, sleep deprivation and cardiovascular stimulation

Question 12

burnout

Answer 12

Emotional exhaustion, lack of personal accomplishment and depersonalisation

Question 13

% of people using CAM for “serious medical conditions” were getting treatment from their doctor at the same time% did not inform their doctor

Answer 13

89

Question 14

use of cam

Answer 14

prefer natural treatment
Dissatisfaction with conventional treatments,
Other studies suggest that patients were not generally dissatisfied with orthodox medicine
Looking for more holistic, natural and safer treatments

Question 15

why pt use cam, most reason

Answer 15

phylosophical, cultural

least=more educated

Question 16

ornnish program

Answer 16

group support
– stress management consisting of meditation and yoga – a low fat vegetarian diet
– moderate exercise
– stopping smoking

Question 17

Mental health problems predicted to be the …..single burden of illness in Australia within 10-20 years

Answer 17

largest

Question 18

• Prolongedstress(activationoftheSNS)leadsto

Answer 18

wear-and-tear on the body (allostatic load)

Question 19

stress n immunity

Changes in white cell numbers and function start to occur within _ of the stressful event.

Answer 19

5 min

Question 20

acute stress

Answer 20

activaite immunity

Question 21

prolong stress

Answer 21

suppress immunity

Question 22

Those who perceive that they have some control over their situation are buffered from stress and the consequent immuno-suppression

Answer 22

adrg

Question 23

during exam period get lowered — (these r immune stuff)

Answer 23

90% reduction in gamma interferon

S-IgA levels reduce too

Question 24

Relaxation training associated with reductions of cortisol levels

Answer 24

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Question 25

exercise

Answer 25

behaviour with highest advantage in NK cell activity (47 &

Question 26

The greater the level of mind wandering, the greater the level of telomere shortening (a marker of biological age)

Answer 26

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Question 27

Ifapersonwithheartdiseasehashelpwithstress management and social support they are far less likely for their CVD to progress

Answer 27

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Question 28

default state n dementia

Answer 28

both have same regions in brain affected

Question 29

Greater participation in cognitively stimulating activities | (particularly in early and middle life) associated with reduced amyloid uptake

Answer 29

leisure activities n dementia

Question 30

Basic assumptions of mindfulness-based approaches

Answer 30

People generally operate on automatic pilot and unaware of moment-to moment experience 2. We are capable of developing sustained attention 3. Development of this ability is gradual, progressive and requires practice 4. Awareness makes life richer and more vivid and replaces unconscious reactiveness 5. Gives rise to veridicality (accuracy) of perceptions 6. Awareness enhances perceptiveness, effective action and control

Question 31

Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy reduced relapse from 78% (what you would expect with usual treatment) to 36%

Answer 31

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Question 32

Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) program =decrease in afternoon cortisol level

Answer 32

Mindfulness and cancer

Question 33

Mindfulness and sleep

Answer 33

Better subjective sleep quality – Faster sleep latency – Longer sleep duration – Less use of sleep medications

Question 34

 Exercise activity tends to drop substantially from the age 18- 24 years to 25-34 years but then remains static  Least amount of activity is undertaken by middle-aged Victorians (45-54 years)

Answer 34

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Question 35

In Australia inactivity ranks second to tobacco smoking in causing disability and death – Inactivity accounts for: • 6% of disease burden in males (second highest factor) • 8% in females (highest factor)

Answer 35

inactivity n health

Question 36

physical activty

Answer 36

= live longer =if have cancer, reduce risk of death (increase cancer survival) =decrease incidence of cancer =Likelihood of mortality from a heart attack halved =BMR n TEE increase =reduced incidence of diabetes =in healthy children profoundly alters: Stress/Immune, and inflammatory mediators / Oxidative mediators =increased fertility =reducing acute and chronic pain =Very intense or prolonged exercise can reduce immunity =protective against cognitive decline and stimulates neuronal growth particularly in the hippocampus

Question 37

exercise Reduces risk of Alzheimer’s disease by half

Answer 37

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Question 38

 For non-exercisers a one unit increase in the stress scale related to a 15-fold increase in the odds of having short telomeres (a marker of rapid ageing and chronic illnesses)  For exercisers, perceived stress was unrelated to telomere length (i.e. exercise buffered against the effects of emotional stress on ageing)

Answer 38

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Question 39

Overall recommendation is  Benefit increases with | 60-70% of VO2 max 3-7 times per week for 30-45 mins per day

Answer 39

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Question 40

Caloric (or dietary) restriction (CR) extends lifespan and lowers risk for age associated diseases.

Answer 40

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Question 41

empty calories’ – food with high energy load (sugars and fats) but little fibre and nutritional value due to food processing

Answer 41

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Question 42

CR (calorie restriction) is not under-nutrition but rather eating a diet which is nutritionally rich and does not contain calories excess to requirements (empty calories)

Answer 42

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Question 43

low levels of vitamin D are associated with poor mood.

Answer 43

llinkedwit low vit d -depression

Question 44

 Low vitamin D strongly associated with mood disorder (OR 11.7)

Answer 44

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Question 45

Those with the highest intake of soy protein had a 29% lower risk of death

Answer 45

soy n cancer

Question 46

cancer n food

Answer 46

soy, antioxidants, cruciferous vegetables, vit D, ornish program help with cancer one way or another

Question 47

what is a healthy diet

Answer 47

reduce total fat intake to less than 30% of calorie intake; reduce saturated fats plus heaps of other stuff

Question 48

 83% of patients wanted doctors to ask about spiritual beliefs in various circumstances

Answer 48

Life-threatening illnesses (77%) – Serious medical conditions (74%) – Loss of loved ones (70%)

Question 49

religious commitment protective for

Answer 49

Depressionandsuicide – Substanceabuse – Physical illness – Longevity/mortalityrates

Question 50

the most important protective factors for mental health and reduced risk of harm were ‘connectedness’ (esp. home and school) and ‘spirituality’- for Adolescents

Answer 50

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Question 51

Religiosity

Answer 51

``` = protective agiasnt suicide (non church goes had 4x risk of suicide) =reduced risk for alcohol and drug abuse =live longer =protective against all-cause mortality =lower risk of CVD =reduced risk of colo-rectal cancer ```

Question 52

Being unaffiliated with a religious group in medical school was the strongest predictor of future development of an alcohol problem

Answer 52

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Question 53

Stress did not predict mortality risk among individuals who provided help to others in the past year (HR = 0.96), but did predict mortality among those who did not provide help to others (HR = 1.30)

Answer 53

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Question 54

Fine particulate and SO-related pollution associated with all-cause, lung cancer, and cardiopulmonary mortality

Answer 54

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Question 55

if diazanon was present in the men’s urine men they were ten times more likely to have low sperm count (infertility)

Answer 55

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Question 56

sound leads to

Answer 56

Decreased wound healing – Sleep deprivation | – Cardiovascular stimulation.”

Question 57

``` Too much sunlight – BCC, SCC – Premature ageing of skin – Cataracts  Sunburn – Malignant melanoma ```

Answer 57

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Question 58

1/3 of Australian population now vitamin D deficient

Answer 58

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Question 59

Social isolation associated with double death rates independent of other lifestyle variables

Answer 59

Protective factors for health are: – Marriage (unless very unhappily married) – Contact with family and friends – Religious dimension / affiliation – Group affiliation

Question 60

Changes found in adolescents with significant depression such as smaller hippocampi indicating a reduction the brain's production of hormones like brain- derived neurotrophic factor

Answer 60

BDNF is important for stimulating and maintaining brain cells

Question 61

 Mindfulness-based practices shown to produce positive changes on the brain including: – Quietening the amygdala – Enhancing executive functioning (e.g. attention regulation, emotion regulation) – Stimulation of BDNF – Thickening of grey matter in the memory and learning regions

Answer 61

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Question 62

childhood issues e.g. parent loss = increased CHD issues in future throughout life e.g. high bp

Answer 62

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Question 63

Family stresses and poor parental style associated with increased risk of expressing a genetic disposition to asthma

Answer 63

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Question 64

``` antisocial girls at high risk of: – mortality – criminality (10-40 fold) – psychiatric morbidity – dysfunctional relationships – using health support services ```

Answer 64

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Question 65

Marriage protective for both men and women

Answer 65

Marriage, even if it is only moderately happy, is protective for depression and other mental health problems and as a buffer against stress Recalling of marital conflict, particularly for women, can have a significant effect upon blood pressure and autonomic activity (CHD ISSUES)

Question 66

Following an AMI men were three times as like to die from their heart disease in the following six months if they were socially isolated

Answer 66

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