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MED 1022 Wks 7-12 > HEP > Flashcards

HEP Flashcards

1
Q

associated with accelerated telomere shortening

A

coping poorly with being the stress of a carer
pemissism
chronically poor sleep
workplace stress
a wandering mind -The greater the level of mind wandering, the greater the level of telomere shortening

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2
Q

DatarelatesCADriskto5specificpsychosocial domains

A 
depression
anxiety
personality factors (anger n hostility, not Type A)
social isolation
chronic life stress
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3
Q

associated with shorter telomeres

A 
smoking 
processed meat
red meat in absences of resistant starch
high BMI
high homocysteine
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4
Q

associated with longer telomeres

A 
VIT D
folate
omega 3 fatty acid
vit C
vit E
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5
Q

doctors get

A

liver cirrhosis

suicide

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6
Q

self care=\

A

good

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7
Q

self prescribe/self managing=bad

A

self care=good

self prescribe/self managing=bad

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8
Q

Workplace stress has been related to three main domains (Karasek and Theorell)

A

– Control

– Support – Demands

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9
Q

Lack of &
predictive factors for depression and anxiety
among mental health students

A

autonomy (control) & connectedness

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10
Q

reasons for using complementary med

A

enhance outcomes
reduce side effects
reduce costs

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11
Q

excessive noise is also associated with

A

decreased wound healing, sleep deprivation and cardiovascular stimulation

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12
Q

burnout

A

Emotional exhaustion, lack of personal accomplishment and depersonalisation

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13
Q

% of people using CAM for “serious medical conditions” were getting treatment from their doctor at the same time% did not inform their doctor

A

89

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14
Q

use of cam

A

prefer natural treatment
Dissatisfaction with conventional treatments,
Other studies suggest that patients were not generally dissatisfied with orthodox medicine
Looking for more holistic, natural and safer treatments

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15
Q

why pt use cam, most reason

A

phylosophical, cultural

least=more educated

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16
Q

ornnish program

A

group support
– stress management consisting of meditation and yoga – a low fat vegetarian diet
– moderate exercise
– stopping smoking

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17
Q

Mental health problems predicted to be the …..single burden of illness in Australia within 10-20 years

A

largest

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18
Q

• Prolongedstress(activationoftheSNS)leadsto

A

wear-and-tear on the body (allostatic load)

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19
Q

stress n immunity

Changes in white cell numbers and function start to occur within _ of the stressful event.

A

5 min

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20
Q

acute stress

A

activaite immunity

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21
Q

prolong stress

A

suppress immunity

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22
Q

Those who perceive that they have some control over their situation are buffered from stress and the consequent immuno-suppression

A

adrg

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23
Q

during exam period get lowered — (these r immune stuff)

A

90% reduction in gamma interferon

S-IgA levels reduce too

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24
Q

Relaxation training associated with reductions of cortisol levels

A

fik

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25
Q

exercise

A

behaviour with highest advantage in NK cell activity (47 &

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26
Q

The greater the level of mind wandering, the greater the level of telomere shortening (a marker of biological age)

A

fluj

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27
Q

Ifapersonwithheartdiseasehashelpwithstress management and social support they are far less likely for their CVD to progress

A

,xhg

28
Q

default state n dementia

A

both have same regions in brain affected

29
Q

Greater participation in cognitively stimulating activities

(particularly in early and middle life) associated with reduced amyloid uptake

A

leisure activities n dementia

30
Q

Basic assumptions of mindfulness-based approaches

A

People generally operate on automatic pilot and unaware of moment-to moment experience

  1. We are capable of developing sustained attention
  2. Development of this ability is gradual, progressive and requires practice
  3. Awareness makes life richer and more vivid and replaces unconscious reactiveness
  4. Gives rise to veridicality (accuracy) of perceptions
  5. Awareness enhances perceptiveness, effective action and control
31
Q

Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy reduced relapse from 78% (what you would expect with usual treatment) to 36%

A

jfkh

32
Q

Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) program =decrease in afternoon cortisol level

A

Mindfulness and cancer

33
Q

Mindfulness and sleep

A

Better subjective sleep quality – Faster sleep latency
– Longer sleep duration
– Less use of sleep medications

34
Q

 Exercise activity tends to drop substantially from the age 18- 24 years to 25-34 years but then remains static
 Least amount of activity is undertaken by middle-aged Victorians (45-54 years)

A

htd,u

35
Q

In Australia inactivity ranks second to tobacco smoking in causing disability and death
– Inactivity accounts for:
• 6% of disease burden in males (second highest factor)
• 8% in females (highest factor)

A

inactivity n health

36
Q

physical activty

A

= live longer
=if have cancer, reduce risk of death (increase cancer survival)
=decrease incidence of cancer
=Likelihood of mortality from a heart attack halved
=BMR n TEE increase
=reduced incidence of diabetes
=in healthy children profoundly alters: Stress/Immune, and inflammatory mediators / Oxidative mediators
=increased fertility
=reducing acute and chronic pain
=Very intense or prolonged exercise can reduce immunity
=protective against cognitive decline and stimulates neuronal growth particularly in the hippocampus

37
Q

exercise Reduces risk of Alzheimer’s disease by half

A

asga

38
Q

 For non-exercisers a one unit increase in the stress scale related to a 15-fold increase in the odds of having short telomeres (a marker of rapid ageing and chronic illnesses)
 For exercisers, perceived stress was unrelated to telomere length (i.e. exercise buffered against the effects of emotional stress on ageing)

A

yrsky

39
Q

Overall recommendation is  Benefit increases with

60-70% of VO2 max 3-7 times per week for 30-45 mins per day

A

g,c

40
Q

Caloric (or dietary) restriction (CR) extends lifespan and lowers risk for age associated diseases.

A

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41
Q

empty calories’ – food with high energy load (sugars and fats) but little fibre and nutritional value due to food processing

A

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42
Q

CR (calorie restriction) is not under-nutrition but rather eating a diet which is nutritionally rich and does not contain calories excess to requirements (empty calories)

A

asdf

43
Q

low levels of vitamin D are associated with poor mood.

A

llinkedwit low vit d -depression

44
Q

 Low vitamin D strongly associated with mood disorder (OR 11.7)

A

yf

45
Q

Those with the highest intake of soy protein had a 29% lower risk of death

A

soy n cancer

46
Q

cancer n food

A

soy, antioxidants, cruciferous vegetables, vit D, ornish program

help with cancer one way or another

47
Q

what is a healthy diet

A

reduce total fat intake to less than 30% of calorie intake; reduce saturated fats
plus heaps of other stuff

48
Q

 83% of patients wanted doctors to ask about spiritual beliefs in various circumstances

A

Life-threatening illnesses (77%) – Serious medical conditions (74%) – Loss of loved ones (70%)

49
Q

religious commitment protective for

A

Depressionandsuicide
– Substanceabuse
– Physical illness
– Longevity/mortalityrates

50
Q

the most important protective factors for mental health and reduced risk of harm were ‘connectedness’ (esp. home and school) and ‘spirituality’- for Adolescents

A

are

51
Q

Religiosity

A 
= protective agiasnt suicide (non church goes had 4x risk of suicide)
=reduced risk for alcohol and drug abuse
=live longer
=protective against all-cause mortality
=lower risk of CVD
=reduced risk of colo-rectal cancer
52
Q

Being unaffiliated with a religious group in medical school was the strongest predictor of future development of an alcohol problem

A

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53
Q

Stress did not predict mortality risk among individuals who provided help to others in the past year (HR = 0.96), but did predict mortality among those who did not provide help to others (HR = 1.30)

A

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54
Q

Fine particulate and SO-related pollution associated with all-cause, lung cancer, and cardiopulmonary mortality

A

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55
Q

if diazanon was present in the men’s urine men they were ten times more likely to have low sperm count (infertility)

A

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56
Q

sound leads to

A

Decreased wound healing – Sleep deprivation

– Cardiovascular stimulation.”

57
Q 
Too much sunlight
– BCC, SCC
– Premature
ageing of skin
– Cataracts
 Sunburn
– Malignant melanoma
A

u;oh’l

58
Q

1/3 of Australian population now vitamin D deficient

A

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59
Q

Social isolation associated with double death rates independent of other lifestyle variables

A

Protective factors for health are:
– Marriage (unless very unhappily married) – Contact with family and friends
– Religious dimension / affiliation
– Group affiliation

60
Q

Changes found in adolescents with significant depression such as smaller hippocampi indicating a reduction the brain’s production of hormones like brain- derived neurotrophic factor

A

BDNF is important for stimulating and maintaining brain cells

61
Q

 Mindfulness-based practices shown to produce positive changes on the brain including:
– Quietening the amygdala
– Enhancing executive functioning (e.g. attention regulation, emotion regulation)
– Stimulation of BDNF
– Thickening of grey matter in the memory and learning regions

A

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62
Q

childhood issues e.g. parent loss = increased CHD issues in future throughout life e.g. high bp

A

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63
Q

Family stresses and poor parental style associated with increased risk
of expressing a genetic disposition to asthma

A

hc

64
Q 
antisocial girls at high risk of:
–  mortality
–  criminality (10-40 fold)
–  psychiatric morbidity
–  dysfunctional relationships
–  using health support services
A

kxfhcg

65
Q

Marriage protective for both men and women

A

Marriage, even if it is only moderately happy, is protective for depression and other mental health problems and as a buffer against stress

Recalling of marital conflict, particularly for women, can have a significant effect upon blood pressure and autonomic activity (CHD ISSUES)

66
Q

Following an AMI men were three times as like to die from their heart disease in the following six months if they were socially isolated

A

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MED 1022 Wks 7-12 (15 decks)

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