Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Pharmacology HRPS 2300 > Pharmacology unit 4 pearls > Flashcards

Pharmacology unit 4 pearls Flashcards

(49 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What are the symptoms of right-sided heart failure?

CHF

A

Systemic congestion, swollen lower extremities, and ascites.

CHF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the symptoms of left-sided heart failure?

CHF

A

Pulmonary congestion.

CHF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What arrhythmias can occur in CHF?

CHF

A

Atrial fibrillation and tachycardia.

CHF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What should be done if a patient’s pulse is abnormal?

CHF

A

Hold medication and call prescriber for direction.

CHF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the therapeutic serum level for cardiac glycosides?

CHF

A

0.5 to 2 ng/mL.

CHF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How do cardiac glycosides affect the heart?

CHF

A

They inhibit the sodium/potassium pump, extend the refractory period, slow down heart rate, and increase cardiac output.

CHF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are common side effects of cardiac glycosides?

CHF

A

Bradycardia, tachycardia, nausea, visual disturbances, vomiting, abdominal cramps, confusion.

CHF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the purpose of loading a patient with a high dose of cardiac glycoside?

CHF

A

To raise the blood level of the drug, then maintain it with subsequent doses.

CHF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is an arrhythmia?

ARRHYTHMIAS

A

Any disorder of rate and/or rhythm of the heart.

ARRHYTHMIAS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the groups of drugs used to treat arrhythmias?

ARRHYTHMIAS

A

Group 1: fast sodium channel blockers; Group 2: beta blockers; Group 3: fast potassium channel blockers; Group 4: calcium channel blockers.

ARRHYTHMIAS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What defines hypertension?

HYPERTENSION

A

Persistent elevation of systolic and diastolic reading of 130/80 or above.

HYPERTENSION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What should be done for Stage 1 hypertension?

HYPERTENSION

A

Conduct a 10-year heart disease and stroke risk assessment with lifestyle changes.

HYPERTENSION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is syncope?

HYPERTENSION

A

Temporary loss of consciousness caused by a sudden fall in blood pressure.

HYPERTENSION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What may happen when starting a new hypertension medication?

HYPERTENSION

A

Dosage may need to be adjusted up or down.

HYPERTENSION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is a potential side effect of ACE inhibitors?

HYPERTENSION

A

They can cause bronchoconstriction in some people.

HYPERTENSION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are two major causes of hypertension?

HYPERTENSION

A

Excessive vasoconstriction and increased blood volume due to water retention.

HYPERTENSION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How do dihydropyridines affect blood pressure?

HYPERTENSION

A

They inhibit calcium influx into smooth muscle, causing vasodilation and reduced blood pressure.

HYPERTENSION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the effect of nondihydropyridines on the heart?

HYPERTENSION

A

They slow conduction velocity and heart rate, decreasing oxygen demand.

HYPERTENSION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What can respiratory disorders cause in relation to hypertension?

HYPERTENSION

A

Bronchoconstriction.

HYPERTENSION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What does myocardial infarction mean?

CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE & MYOCARDIALINFARCTION

Study These Flashcards
A

Death of tissue due to loss of oxygen.

CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE & MYOCARDIALINFARCTION

21
Q

What is the procedure for treating chest pain with nitroglycerin?

CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE & MYOCARDIALINFARCTION

Study These Flashcards
A

Sit down, place one sublingual tablet under the tongue, wait five minutes, and repeat if pain persists.

CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE & MYOCARDIALINFARCTION

22
Q

What is the risk of combining potent systemic vasodilators?

CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE & MYOCARDIALINFARCTION

Study These Flashcards
A

It can reduce blood pressure to dangerous levels.

CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE & MYOCARDIALINFARCTION

23
Q

How can reducing workload on the heart help with chest pain?

CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE & MYOCARDIALINFARCTION

Study These Flashcards
A

It reduces oxygen demand, which may alleviate pain.

CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE & MYOCARDIALINFARCTION

24
Q

What side effect can nitroglycerin cause?

CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE & MYOCARDIALINFARCTION

Study These Flashcards
A

A vascular headache due to dilation of cerebral arteries.

CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE & MYOCARDIALINFARCTION

25
What is a hematoma? | BLOOD & ASSOACIATED AGENTS
A localized collection of blood outside of blood vessels. | BLOOD & ASSOACIATED AGENTS
26
What is a transient ischemic attack? | BLOOD & ASSOACIATED AGENTS
Loss of oxygen to tissue, also known as a mini-stroke. | BLOOD & ASSOACIATED AGENTS
27
What is low molecular weight heparin? | BLOOD & ASSOACIATED AGENTS
An anticoagulant that does not cause thrombocytopenia. | BLOOD & ASSOACIATED AGENTS
28
What effect does heparin have on PTT? | BLOOD & ASSOACIATED AGENTS
It extends the partial thromboplastin time (PTT). | BLOOD & ASSOACIATED AGENTS
29
What is the difference between anticoagulants and anti-platelet agents? | BLOOD & ASSOACIATED AGENTS
Anticoagulants prevent fibrin clot formation; anti-platelet agents prevent platelet aggregation. | BLOOD & ASSOACIATED AGENTS
30
Why should ASA and Coumadin not be given together? | BLOOD & ASSOACIATED AGENTS
It increases the risk of bleeding and hemorrhage. | BLOOD & ASSOACIATED AGENTS
31
What is anemia? | ANEMIA
Any disorder that interferes with or decreases the ability of blood to carry oxygen. | ANEMIA
32
How is anemia classified? | ANEMIA
By size and shape of erythrocytes, amount of hemoglobin, and etiology. | ANEMIA
33
What is pernicious anemia? | ANEMIA
A type of anemia caused by vitamin B12 deficiency. | ANEMIA
34
What are common side effects of iron supplements? | ANEMIA
Constipation, black tarry stool, indigestion, stained teeth. | ANEMIA
35
What tests are used to assess hypercholesterolemia? | HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA
Liver enzyme levels and liver function tests. | HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA
36
What does HDL stand for? | HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA
High-density lipoprotein, the 'good' cholesterol. | HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA
37
What effect does grapefruit juice have on Lipitor? | HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA
It inhibits liver enzymes, increasing Lipitor's strength. | HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA
38
What is the desirable cholesterol level? | HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA
Below 200 mg/dL. | HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA
39
What is a common concern with potassium-sparing diuretics? | DIURETICS
Risk of hyperkalemia. | DIURETICS
40
What is Lasix used for? | DIURETICS
A powerful diuretic used in acute CHF to remove fluid from the lungs. | DIURETICS
41
What happens when ADH is decreased? | DIURETICS
Polyuria occurs, leading to decreased blood volume. | DIURETICS
42
What is the role of aldosterone? | DIURETICS
It causes reabsorption of sodium and excretion of potassium. | DIURETICS
43
What is the relationship between sodium and water balance? | DIURETICS
Sodium is the single biggest determinant of water balance. | DIURETICS
44
What is the risk of diuretics on glucose levels? | DIURETICS
Increased risk of hyperglycemia. | DIURETICS
45
What should be monitored in a patient taking diuretics? | DIURETICS
Heart rate, daily weights, and potassium levels. | DIURETICS
46
What is the serum creatinine clearance test used for? | DIURETICS
To indicate the health of the kidneys. | DIURETICS
47
What should patients taking diuretics do regarding potassium? | DIURETICS
Take potassium supplements and/or consume potassium-rich foods. | DIURETICS
48
What should patients do when changing positions while on diuretics? | DIURETICS
Rise slowly from a lying to a standing position. | DIURETICS
49
What to look out for when using a DIURETIC. | DIURETICS
a. Take diuretic first thing in morning b. Weight daily at the SAME time every day c. Keep a record of daily weights. Report any major fluctuation in weight from day to day d. Most diuretics cause loss of potassium. Take potassium supplements and/or eat/drink foods high in potassium Loss of potassium can cause cardiac arrhythmias and cramping in skeletal muscles e. Rise slowly from a lying to a standing position and when making any changes in position | DIURETICS

Pharmacology HRPS 2300 (24 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions