Unit 6 - lecture slides

Question 1

What is the primary source of energy for the body?

Answer 1

Glucose

Normal fasting blood glucose level is between 70-99 mg/dL

Question 2

What hormone decreases blood glucose levels?

Answer 2

Insulin

Secreted by the beta cells of the pancreas

Question 3

What hormone increases blood glucose levels?

Answer 3

Glucagon

Secreted by the alpha cells of the pancreas

Question 4

What is the fasting blood glucose level considered normal?

Answer 4

70-99 mg/dL

Question 5

What fasting blood glucose levels indicate prediabetes?

Answer 5

100-125 mg/dL

Question 6

What fasting blood glucose level indicates diabetes?

Answer 6

Greater than or equal to 126 mg/dL (on two occasions)

Question 7

What are common signs/symptoms of hyperglycemia?

Answer 7

• Extreme thirst
• Frequent urination
• Dry skin
• Hunger
• Blurred vision
• Drowsiness
• Decreased healing

Question 8

What is the treatment for diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)?

Answer 8

Give IV insulin

Question 9

What blood glucose level is considered hypoglycemia?

Answer 9

50-69 mg/dL

Question 10

What are common signs/symptoms of hypoglycemia?

Answer 10

• Hunger
• Headache
• Blurred vision
• Anxiety/nervousness
• Fatigue
• Sweating
• Shakiness/jittery
• Tachycardia
• Confusion
• Dizziness
• Irritability

Question 11

What is the treatment for insulin shock?

Answer 11

IV glucagon immediately

Question 12

What is the incidence of Type I Diabetes?

Answer 12

~10%

Question 13

What is the incidence of Type II Diabetes?

Answer 13

~90%

Question 14

What is the typical onset age for Type I Diabetes?

Answer 14

Juvenile (~age 20)

Question 15

What is the typical onset age for Type II Diabetes?

Answer 15

Adult (~>35)

Question 16

What type of body weight is common in Type I Diabetes?

Answer 16

Thin

Question 17

What type of body weight is common in Type II Diabetes?

Answer 17

Obese

Question 18

What is the insulin secretion characteristic of Type I Diabetes?

Answer 18

Absolute deficiency

Question 19

What is the insulin secretion characteristic of Type II Diabetes?

Answer 19

Delayed secretion

Question 20

What percentage of Type I Diabetes patients require insulin treatment?

Answer 20

100%

Question 21

What percentage of Type II Diabetes patients require insulin treatment?

Answer 21

20-30%

Question 22

What are common complications of Diabetes Mellitus?

Answer 22

• Atherosclerosis
• Retinal hemorrhages
• Blindness
• Renal dysfunction
• Diabetic neuropathy
• Antibiotic-resistant skin infections

Question 23

What are some non-drug therapies for diabetes?

Answer 23

• Diet
• Exercise
• Weight loss
• Education
• Nutritional counseling

Question 24

What are the functions of insulin in the body?

Answer 24

• Promotes glycogen synthesis within liver
• Essential for metabolism of fat and protein
• Aids in the storage of fats and protein

Question 25

What is the onset time for rapid-acting insulin?

Answer 25

10-30 minutes

Question 26

What is the duration of rapid-acting insulin?

Answer 26

3-5 hours

Question 27

Name a rapid-acting insulin product.

Answer 27

* Lispro (Humalog®) * Glulisine (Apidra®) * Aspart (NovoLog®)

Question 28

What is the onset time for short-acting insulin?

Answer 28

30 minutes to 1 hour

Question 29

What is the duration of short-acting insulin?

Answer 29

6-8 hours

Question 30

What is the onset time for intermediate-acting insulin?

Answer 30

1-3 hours

Question 31

What is the duration of intermediate-acting insulin?

Answer 31

18-24 hours

Question 32

What is the onset time for long-acting insulin?

Answer 32

2-3 hours

Question 33

What is the duration of long-acting insulin?

Answer 33

12-24 hours

Question 34

What is a combination insulin product?

Answer 34

* Humulin® 70/30 * Novolin® 70/30 * Humalog® Mix 75/25 * Novolog® Mix 70/30

Question 35

What is the half-life of insulin degludec (Tresiba®)?

Answer 35

25 hours

Question 36

What is a unique feature of Technosphere insulin (Afrezza®)?

Answer 36

Inhaled, rapid-acting insulin

Question 37

What is the storage requirement for insulin?

Answer 37

Refrigerated

Question 38

What are some side effects of insulin therapy?

Answer 38

* Hypoglycemia * Blurred vision * Allergic reactions * Lipodystrophy

Question 39

Fill in the blank: _______ is the body's primary source of energy.

Answer 39

Glucose

Question 40

Fill in the blank: Insulin _______ blood glucose levels.

Answer 40

decreases

Question 41

True or False: Type I Diabetes is insulin-dependent.

Answer 41

True

Question 42

True or False: Type II Diabetes is commonly associated with thin body weight.

Answer 42

False