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Human Body Systems > Pharynx and Larynx > Flashcards

Pharynx and Larynx Flashcards

(54 cards)

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1
Q

pharynx

A

Common passageway for food/liquid and air

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2
Q

Portions of pharynx

A

Continuous with the nasal cavity via the nasopharynx, with the oral
cavity via the oropharynx, and divides into dedicated airway and alimentary tract at the laryngopharynx

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3
Q

soft palate

A

mobile muscular layer in the roof of the oral cavity

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4
Q

where does soft palate attach anteriorly

A

hard palate (bony roof of the oral cavity).

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5
Q

soft palate function

A

raised and lowered to seal off different regions of
the pharynx to direct the flow of ingesta or
protect the oral/nasal cavities from regurgitation

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6
Q

Soft palate innervation

A

CN X

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7
Q

when you swallow what position is your soft palate in?

A

opens up and seals nasal cavity

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8
Q

when you breath with food in your mouth what position is your soft palate in?

A

seal food part to open breathing only

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9
Q

Can an infant breathe and suckle simultaneously?

A

YES

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10
Q

constrictor muscles of pharynx

A

Superior, middle, and inferior constrictors

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11
Q

constrictor muscle attachment

A

has points inferiorly in neck then muscles wrap around themselves and attach to themselves at midline

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12
Q

pharyngotympanic tube

A

opens into the superior pharynx, connects the pharynx to the middle ear.

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13
Q

pharyngotympanic attachment

A

originates at base of skull

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14
Q

longitudinal muscles of pharynx

A

Salpingopharyngeus, palatopharyngeus, stylopharyngeus

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15
Q

longitudinal muscle function

A

Shorten the pharynx, elevate the larynx during swallowing and vocalization

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16
Q

mucosa in regards to pharynx

A

overlies the structures of the pharynx

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17
Q

mucosa and pharynx creates tube connected with ___

A 
Nasal cavity
Oral cavity
Middle ear (via the pharyngotympanic tube)
Larynx/trachea/airway
Esophagus
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18
Q

tonsils

A

collections of mucosal associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) that are embedded in the mucosa
of the pharynx

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19
Q

how is inflammation of tonsils

A

inflammation due to infection can be painful and may cause obstruction of
the airway or pharyngotympanic tube

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20
Q

names of tonsils

A

pharyngeal, palatine*, lingual, and tubal tonsils

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21
Q

what tonsil is commonly taken out?

A

palatine

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22
Q

motor innervation to muscles

Study These Flashcards
A

Branches of X
Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX) innervates one muscle
(stylopharyngeus)

23
Q

sensation innervation from pharynx

Study These Flashcards
A

V2 – nasopharynx (conscious sensation)
IX – oropharynx (conscious sensation)
X – laryngopharynx (unconscious sensation)

24
Q

How test test pharyngeal innervation with CN IX and X

Study These Flashcards
A

Gag reflex: Touching posterior pharyngeal wall or tonsillar arches – sensed by IX
Elevation of soft palate – motor by X

25
musculus uvulae IM
M: elevates uvula I: CNX
26
How to check for damage to CN X
Uvula deviates away from injured side when you look into patient's mouth
27
arteries of pharynx
supplied by ascending pharyngeal, lingual, facial and maxillary arteries (all branches of external carotid)
28
veins of pharynx
drain to pharyngeal venous plexus (drains into the internal jugular vein)
29
pharyngeal swallow
rapid sequential activity that takes less than one second
30
functions of pharyngeal swallow
(1) food passage, propelling the food bolus through the pharynx and UES to the esophagus (2) airway protection, closing the larynx and trachea from the pharynx to prevent the food from entering the airway
31
steps of swallowing
Soft palate elevates and contacts the lateral & posterior walls of pharynx, closing nasopharynx Tongue base retracts, pushing bolus against pharyngeal walls Pharyngeal constrictor muscles contract from top to bottom, squeezing bolus down Longitudinal muscles shorten pharynx vertically reducing volume of pharyngeal cavity and raise larynx. Elevation of larynx passively closes epiglottis over laryngeal inlet, sealing the airway
32
muscles underlying hyolaryngeal mechanism
Stretches open inhibited cricopharyngeus forming upper esophageal sphincter. Suprahyoid muscles comprise ant. group that suspends hyoid bone, and long pharyngeal muscles form post. group that suspends larynx Thyrohyoid muscle intrinsic to hyolaryngeal complex and approximates larynx and hyoid synergistically with long pharyngeal muscle
33
Exception to innervation of CN X in pharynx
stylopharyngeus
34
larynx
specialized structure at the superior end of the airway
35
Larynx functions
Valve to protect airway from food/liquid passing through pharynx during swallowing Modifies air for sound production during vocalization Valve to close the airway to increase intrathoracic pressure during coughing, straining, etc
36
Skeleton of larynx
Thyroid cartilage Cricoid cartilage Arytenoid cartilages Epiglottic cartilage
37
Membranes and ligaments
Thyrohyoid membrane Vocal ligament (vocal folds) Cricothyroid ligament Cricotracheal ligament
38
Joints
Cricothyroid joint | Cricoarytenoid joints
39
relationship between thyroid cartilage and crico cartilage
thyroid cartilage moves relative to crico cartilage
40
mucosa in laryngeal structure
gives smooth contour to larynx
41
laryngeal inlet
entry into airway
42
piriform recess
entry into esophagus
43
intrinsic muscles of larynx
cricothyroid, posterior crico-arytenoid, transverse arytenoid, thyro-arytenoid, lateral crico-arytenoid, oblique arytenoid
44
Cricothyroid IM
M: Only muscle that tenses vocal fold I: External laryngeal branch of superior laryngeal nerve
45
thyroarytenoid M
Shorten / relax vocal folds
46
Vocalis M
Modify tension of fold
47
Posterior crico-arytenoid M
Abduct (open) vocal folds
48
Lateral crico-arytenoid M
Adduct (close) vocal folds
49
Transverse and oblique arytenoids M
Adduct (close) vocal folds
50
motor innervation of larynx
Entirely via branches of the vagus nerve: External laryngeal nerve I: cricothyroid muscle Inferior/recurrent laryngeal nerve I: all other muscles
51
sensory innervation of larynx
Above the folds: internal laryngeal nerve | Below the folds: inferior/recurrent laryngeal nerve
52
vasculature of larynx
Via superior and inferior laryngeal arteries
53
endotracheal intubation
``` Procedure to maintain airway, Tube is typically passed through the oral cavity (orotracheal intubation) but in some cases may be passed through nasal cavity (nasotracheal intubation). ```
54
what is essential in endotracheal intubation
ensure tube passes into the trachea. Balloon is inflated distal to the vocal folds.

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