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PSMB > PHBP | Part 2 & 3 > Flashcards

PHBP | Part 2 & 3 Flashcards

1
Q

The enzymatic or biochemical transformation of the drug substance to (usually less toxic) metabolic products, which may be eliminated more readily from the body

A

METABOLISM

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2
Q

Principal site of metabolism
Both synthesizing and eliminating organ

A

LIVER

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3
Q

Basic unit of liver

A

Liver Lobule

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4
Q

A network of interconnected lymph and blood vessels

A

PARENCHYMAL CELLS

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5
Q

Perfused blood in the liver

A

Hepatic artery

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6
Q

Carries oxygen in the liver

A

Hepatic artery

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7
Q

Collects blood from various segments of GIT that perfuse in the liver

A

Hepatic Portal Vein

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8
Q

Carries nutrient to the liver

A

HEPATIC PORTAL VEIN

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9
Q

Large vascular capilaries

A

SINUSOIDS

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10
Q

Facilitates drug and nutrient removal before the blood enters the general circulation

A

SINUSOIDS

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11
Q

Endothelial lining of the sinusoids
Part of the Reticulo Endothelial system

A

Kupffer cells

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12
Q

Phagocytic macrophages

A

Kupffer cells

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13
Q

secreted by the liver

A

Bile Acids

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14
Q

3 Major Components of a drug biotransformation

A

Reactant (Drug/Xenobiotics)
Product (Metabolite)
Reaction catalyst (Enzymes)

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15
Q

5 Types of Metabolites

A

Inactive Metabolite
Retain Similar Activity
Altered Activity
Bioactivated Metabolite
Reactive Metabolite

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16
Q

Birth

A

Sulfation

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17
Q

1st Week

A

Reduction. Oxidation

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18
Q

1 month

A

Acetylation

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19
Q

2 months

A

Glucoronidation

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20
Q

3 months

A

Glycine, Glutathione, Cysteine Conjugation

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21
Q

Presystemic metabolism

A

First Pass Effect

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22
Q

Initial Biotransformation of an active drug BEFORE reaching the systemic circulation

A

FIRST PASS EFFECT

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23
Q

the final LOSS of the drug substance or its metabolites from the body

A

EXCRETION

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24
Q

Are excreted mainly by renal excretion, into the urine

A

NONVOLATILE DRUGS

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25
Gaseous anesthetics, or drugs with high volatility, are excreted via lungs into expired air
VOLATILE DRUGS
26
Excretion Pathway Anion, cations, non-ionized molecules with lipophilic polar groups & those with MW > 500
Biliary Excretion
27
Excretion Pathway For drugs poorly absorbed in the intestines
Biliary Excretion
28
Excretion Pathway Organic acids & organic bases - active transport Consider ___________
Biliary Recycling
29
Excretion Pathway via different transport mechanism
Salivary Excretion
30
Excretion Pathway Nursing mothers should avoid taking drugs
Mammary Excretion
31
Excretion Pathway Passive diffusion of the non-ionized moiety
Drug Excretion into Sweat
32
Excretion Pathway Less soluble anesthetics Soluble gases
Drug Excretion Into Expired Air
33
Excretion Pathway Prostate secretions
Genital Excretion
34
Excretion Pathway Verified by the presence of drugs in the gut lumen after IV adminstration
Intestinal Excretion
35
Excretion Pathway Major Route Non-volatile, water-soluble, low MW Drugs
Renal Drug Excretion
36
Kidney is located in the ______
Peritoneal Cavity
37
Most imp organ for excretion
Kidney
38
secretion of _____ (regulates BP)
Renin
39
secretion of _______ (RBC production)
Erythropoetin
40
Basic unit of kidney
Nephron/Malphigian Bodies
41
Filtration of LMW molecules
Glomerular filtration
42
Normal GFR:
125mL/min (180 L/day)
43
tells how healthy the kidney is
GFR
44
Average urine:
1-1.5L (99% are reabsorbed)
45
Pressure of artery
100mmHg
46
Pressure on glomerulus
45-65 mmHg
47
fulfills most of the criteria needed standard reference
Inulin
48
used most extensively as a measurement of GFR
Clearance of Creatinine
49
Byproduct of muscle metabolism
Creatinine
50
Occurs in PCT
Active Tubular Secretion
51
Reabsorption of water and active secretion of some weak electrolytes esp weak acid
Active Tubular Secretion
52
occurs in DCT reabsorption of water and passive excretion of lipid soluble drugs
Tubular Reabsorption
53
Depends on urine pH based on Hendersson-Hasselbalch equation
Tubular Reabsorption
54
The maximum amt of drug in the body following a single rapid _____ is equal to the dose of the drug
IV Injection
55
For a one-compartment open model, the drug will be eliminated acc to
First-order kinetics
56
Is a drug product that contains the same active drug substance in the same dosage form and is marketed by more than one pharmaceutical manuf
Multi Drug Product
57
Patent has not be expired or has ceratin exclusivities so that only one manufacturer can make it
Single Source Drug Products
58
Identifies drug products approved on the basis of safety and effectiveness by the FDA
Approved Products with Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations (Orange Book)
59
same active ingredients, salt, dosage form and strength, ROA, content uniformity
Pharmaceutical Equivalent
60
same therapeutic moiety but...as different salt, dosage form and strength
Pharmaceutical Alternative
61
Safe and effective pharmaceutical equivalent, bioequivalent, adequately labeled, complied with CGMP
Therapeutic Equivalent
62
Contains different active ingredients indicated for the same therapeutic use
Therapeutic Alternative
63
Tmax, Cmax, AUC
Plasma Drug Concentration
64
Du, dDu/dt, t
Urinary Drug Excretion
65
Emax
Acute Pharmacodynamic Effect
66
Well controlled clinical trials
Clinical Observations
67
Drug Dissolution
In-Vitro Studies
68
Based on aqueous solubility of drug and the permeation of the drug through GI tract
Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS)

PSMB (20 decks)

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