Physical Pharma Flashcards
forces within the molecule
INTRAMOLECULAR FORCES
transfer of electron
Ionic Bond
Sharing of electron
Covalent Bond
formed between positively charged ion wherein free electrons are shared among lattice of cations
Metallic bond
Forces between molecule
Intermolecular Forces
weak forces of attraction (irreversible)
Van der waals
AKA Orientation effect
Dipole - Dipole
Keeson
AKA Induction effect
Dipole - Induced Dipole
Debye
Polar molecules are attracted either positive
or negative charges → formation of salts
Ion dipole
Force of attraction induced by a close
proximity of a charged ion into a non-polar molecule > formation of triiodide complex
Ion-induced dipole
Attraction of H for a strongly electronegative ion (halogens)
Hydrogen bonds
Depends on the sum of individual
properties of the components present in a
system
ADDITIVE PROPERTY
Depend on the type and arrangement of the
components in a system
CONSTITUTIVE PROPERTY
Depends on the number of components and solute present in a syste
COLLIGATIVE PROPERTY
Depends on the size or the amount of material in the system
EXTENSIVE
does not depend on the size or the amt of material in the system
INTENSIVE
Type of Density
in vacuum > empty space
ABSOLUTE
Type of Density
in air
APPARENT
Type of Density
@specific condition aka specific gravity
RELATIVE
density of sx/density of std.
Specific Gravity
used for liquid heavier or lighter than water
BAUME HYDROMETER
type of hydrometer with constant depth of
immersion but variable weight.
NICHOLSON’S HYDROMETER
type of hydrometer which is used to determine
the alcohol strength
THALLES’ Hydrometer
-reciprocal of sp. gravity
-no unit
SPECIFIC VOLUME
Plasma
2 other names
-Mesophase
-Liquid Crystal
-Partly solid and partly liquid
-Tends to flow like liquid under extreme conditions
PLASMA
soap-like/grease-like
rotating in 1 axis
mobile 2 directions
SMECTIC
thread-like >
rotating 1 axis
mobile in 3 directions
NEMATIC
special type of nematic crystals (Cholesteryl Benzoate)
CHOLESTERIC
2 Methods of Producing
Lyotropic
Thermotropic
-have kinetic energy that produces rapid motion
-held together by weak intermolecular forces
-capable of filling available space
-are compressible
GASES
Boyle’s Law
P1V1=P2V2
Charles’ Law
T1/V1=T2/V2
GAY LUSSAC’S
P1/T1=P2/T2
Ideal Gas Law
PV = nRT
Real Gas Equation
(P + an2/v2) (V-nb) = NRT
- States that the amount of gas dissolved
in a solution is proportional to the partial
pressure of the gas in equilibrium with the
solution
HENRY’S LAW OF GAS SOLUBILITY
INC pressure
INC gas sol
HENRY’S LAW OF GAS SOLUBILITY
states the total pressure in a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the partials pressure of each gas
DALTON’S LAW OF PARTIAL PRESSURE
- the pressure a
gas would exert if it alone occupied the whole vol of the mixture
PARTIAL PRESSURE