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phi Flashcards

1
Q

When would you expect the ventricles to contract?

A

QRS

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2
Q

What would you expect to occur before the P wave?

A

SA node fires

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3
Q

The pacemaker or _____ starts the cardiac cycle

A

SA node

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4
Q

the SA node

A

send impulses across the atria

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5
Q

As nerve impulses spread throughout the cardiac conduction system. When they reach the AV node there must be a short delay before it continues. What would be the best explanation for that? ( This is measured by a PQ interval)

A

It allows for blood to flow from the atria and into the ventricles before they begin to contract

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6
Q

Which of these leads directly away from the heart

A

Arteries

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7
Q

Which of these are the narrowest?

A

Capillaries

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8
Q

Which of these are the most numerous?

A

Capillaries

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9
Q

Which of these have the highest pressure?

A

Arteries

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10
Q

This is where the exchange of oxygen and nutrients takes place with the cells.

A

Capillaries

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11
Q

Q is the

A

Beginning of ventricular contraction

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12
Q

R to T is

A

Ventricular systole

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13
Q

Why would there be different RR distances?

A

The person’s heart rate is changing

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14
Q

T to R is when

A

Blood pressure would be at its lowest (diastolic)

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15
Q

R to T is when

A

Blood Pressure is Highest

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16
Q

The Lubb Sounds occurs near which point?

A

S

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17
Q

Which of these time intervals tells you if there is sufficient time delay between the atria contracting and the ventricles contracting?

A

PQ

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18
Q

Which of these time intervals tells you if there is sufficient time delay between the atria contracting and the ventricles contracting?

A

P

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19
Q

In our Heart Rate and Blood Pressure Lab, which of the following served as our primary control data for comparison to our other variables?

A

Sitting

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20
Q

What response would you expect in heart rate following jumping? Why

A

increase due to Brain anticipates need for oxygen and Increased oxygen requirements and fatigue

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21
Q

Deep breathing would be expected to affect heart rate; Why?

A

irregular or varied due to Pressure changes in thorax (chest) due to inhalation and exhalation

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22
Q

Immediately upon standing heart rate: Why?

A

increase due to Change in body position lowers blood flow to brain and Increased work against gravity

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23
Q

The primary concern for the brain is

A

Blood pressure

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24
Q

systolic pressure is read on a sphygmomanometer when

A

when pulsing can be heard to begin following opening of the pressure valve

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25
Q

? —> Atria —> ? Bundle fibers (Bundle of HIS) —> Bundle Branches —> ? —> Ventricles

A

SA node, AV node, Purkinje fibers

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26
Q

diastole

A

Relaxation of the heart

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27
Q

The pacemaker or _____ starts the cardiac cycle

A

SA node

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28
Q

the SA node

A

send impulses across the atria

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29
Q

action potentials (electrical impulses)

A

begins in the atria and spreads to the ventricle and causes heart muscle to contract

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30
Q

QRS is

A

Atrial contraction

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31
Q

The QRS complex of an EKG represents

A

The beginning of ventricular contraction

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32
Q

As impulse spread throughout the cardiac conduction system. When they reach the AV node there must be a short delay before it continues. What would be the best explanation for that?

A

It allows for blood to flow from the atria and into the ventricles before they begin to contract

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33
Q

Systole ( systolic)

A

Contraction of the heart

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34
Q

The BEST description of the purpose of the heart

A

Create pressure

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35
Q

systolic pressure is read on a sphygmomanometer

A

when pulsing can be heard to begin following opening of the pressure valve

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36
Q

After opening the valve on the sphygmomanometer and you listen to the pulsing sound, when the sound stops;

A

ventricle is relaxed and diastolic pressure

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37
Q

Structure within arteries which is used to communicate blood pressure to the nervous system

A

Baroreceptor

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38
Q

this part of the brain is responsible for basic blood pressure and heart rate

A

medulla oblongata

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39
Q

parasympathetic action potentials

A

decrease heart rate

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40
Q

sympathetic action potentials

A

increase heart rate

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41
Q

when blood pressure drops, the brains reaction would be to

A

parasympathetic impulses decrease and sympathetic impulses increase

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42
Q

In our Heart Rate and Blood Pressure Lab, which of the following serves as our primary control data for comparison to our other variables and tests?

A

Sitting

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43
Q

When a sense of danger is perceived by the brain

A

Epinephrine is released by the adrenal glands and “Fight or flight response” and Epinephrine will stimulate heart for rapid HR increase

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44
Q

Epinephrine

A

Causes rapid heart rate increas and Will cause airways to open for breathing and Will increase brain alertness and Increase muscle preparedness

45
Q

Which of these would be the best to use to listen to the sounds of the heart?

A

Stethoscope

46
Q

When the ventricles are contracting

A

Systolic pressure and Pressure is high

47
Q

When the ventricles are relaxing

A

Diastolic pressure and Pressure is low

48
Q

Which of these would be considered hypertension (high blood pressure)

A

145/90

49
Q

Which of these would be considered low blood pressure

A

88/50

50
Q

The major components of blood include all except:

A

Leukocytes (WBC)

51
Q

On average a person contains about __ liters of blood

A

5

52
Q

a typical leukocyte count would be ___ cells per ml

A

5000

53
Q

Which of these is the largest component of plasma?

A

water

54
Q

Red cell count of 2 million per microliter

A

Anemic

55
Q

Leukocytes;

A

Can move within the various tissues and Cannot leave the bloodstream

56
Q

Closing of heart valves

A

Prevents backward blood flow and Causes Lubb and Dubb

57
Q

The BEST description of the purpose of the heart

A

Create pressure

58
Q

The heart consists of;

A

Myocardium

59
Q

the upper chambers of the heart

A

atria

60
Q

the left side of the heart:

A

contains the bicuspid valve and pumps blood through the body tissues

61
Q

covering of the heart

A

pericardium

62
Q

Left Atrium —> Bicuspid valve —> ? —> Aortic valve —> ? —> Body Cells —> Vena cava —> Right Atrium —> ? —> Right ventricle —> Pulmonary valve —> Pulmonary artery —> ? —>Pulmonary Veins

A

Left ventricle, Aorta, Tricuspid Valve, Lungs

63
Q

https://keep.google.com/u/0/#NOTE/1jOsdFjZM0QhHPqgT-WKpNtcfg4CeWbHfW4PX-_sC-OBZEtaSM2cokpsjWFEfKQ

A

Aorta, Right ventricle, Pulmonary artery, Left ventricle

64
Q

Closing of heart valves

A

Prevents backward blood flow

65
Q

Systole ( systolic)

A

Contraction of the heart

66
Q

Why must there be both a systemic (left side) and pulmonary circuit (right side) of the cardiac cycle

A

Pressure cannot be maintained sufficiently in a single circuit and One must exchange with the cells the other with the lungs

67
Q

Which of these would be considered a source of error in our first lab (Introductory concepts)?

A

There is no clearly defined procedure given on exactly how to measure the organs, therefore students cannot compare their measurements directly.

68
Q

Transportation of wastes nutrients and gases is largely a function of;

A

Cardiovascular system

69
Q

Defense against pathogens

A

Immune system

70
Q

The purpose of cellular respiration

A

Production of ATP

71
Q

Communication

A

Chemical signals and Electrical signals and Nervous system and Endocrine system

72
Q

Layers of the skin

A

Epidermis and Dermis and Subcutaneous

73
Q

Function of skin

A

Protection and Body temperature regulation

74
Q

Melanin

A

Pigment found in the epidermis and Gives skin its color and Varies from person to person and Absorbs UV rays from the Sun to protect damage to DNA of other skin cells (cancer)

75
Q

Accessory structures of the skin

A

Hair follicles and Skin glands

76
Q

Hair,

A

Grows at the bulb (root) and Falls out regularly in normal growth

77
Q

If nerve impulses from thermoreceptors to the brain decrease (Cold), then you would expect which of the following

A

Sweat glands are active and Increased muscle contraction

78
Q

If nerve impulses from thermoreceptors to the brain increase (Warm), then you would expect which of the following

A

Sweat glands are active

79
Q

Body heat is created by

A

Muscle contraction and The breakdown of ATP and As a result of normal body function

80
Q

If the weather is very warm, and a person looks very tired. Which of these would trigger an emergency situation and 911 call

A

No sign of sweating and Cool skin with little color

81
Q

the thumb bone connects to the

A

radius

82
Q

Sebaceous glands

A

Help keep skin and hair soft and moist and Over production may lead to development of acne

83
Q

In one method of body temperature regulation water must be able to evaporate from the skin

A

After release by sweat glands

84
Q

Why is it important to maintain proper body temperature?

A

Body chemistry would begin to fail if body temperature changes greatly

85
Q

Body temperature must be maintained near

A

37 degrees Celsius

86
Q

How can your brain determine what body temperature is?

A

By the use of thermoreceptor nerve endings located throughout the muscles, skin and other organs

87
Q

What portion of the brain is responsible for temperature regulation

A

Hypothalamus

88
Q

Increases blood flow to the skin

A

Vasodilation

89
Q

Which of the following is most closely related to a function of the muscular system?

A

the production of movement support and body heat

90
Q

Which of the following is most closely related to a function of the nervous system?

A

the coordination, control of body parts

91
Q

Which of the following is most closely related to a function of the digestive system?

A

the processing, absorption of nutrients

92
Q

Removal and filtration of wastes, fluid control

A

urinary

93
Q

in order for cells to be controlled and communicate with the brain and other organs

A

nervous system

94
Q

System responsible for exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide with the atmosphere

A

Respirator

95
Q

This system works together with the immune system and cardiovascular system in defense and transportation

A

Muscular system

96
Q

Why is it necessary to control the pH and temperature of our cells

A

The body chemistry would quickly fail if they change even in small amounts

97
Q

Osmosis is defined as the movement of

A

water molecules from a high concentration to a low concentration through a selectively permeable membrane

98
Q

in order for cells to be controlled and communicate with the brain and other organs

A

nervous system

99
Q

The activities of an anatomist consist of _______, whereas those of a physiologist consist of ______

A

observing body structure; studying functions of body parts

100
Q

A molecule that carries energy in a form the cell can use is

A

ATP

101
Q

in order to compare the location of fingers to the shoulder you would say fingers are _____ to the shoulder

A

distal

102
Q

In order for glucose to be delivered to a cell which systems must be involved

A

Digestive and Cardiovascular

103
Q

Cellular wastes are carried away and removed by

A

Cardiovascular system and Respiratory system and Urinary

104
Q

Which system has does not have a primary purpose of maintaining homeostasis

A

Reproductive

105
Q

System responsible for exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide with the atmosphere

A

Respiratory

106
Q

This system works together with the immune system and cardiovascular system in defense and transportation

A

lymphatic

107
Q

Which would be the best way to relate the heart to the skin. (heart is located _____ to the skin)

A

deep

108
Q

The heart is,

A

Medial to the lungs and Superior to the stomach and Inferior to the thyroid gland

109
Q

The elbow is proximal to the wrist

A

True

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