Phonetics

Question 1

the sound source filtered and shaped by resonant vocal tract

Answer 1

Source-Filter Theory

Question 2

2 sound sources in the Source-Filter Theory

Answer 2

Glottal Source

Supra-Glottal Source

Question 3

Filter in the Source-Filter Theory

Answer 3

Vocal Tract- (oral, nasal)

Question 4

produced with uninterrupted air

Answer 4

Sonorants

Question 5

Name all sonorants

Answer 5

Nasals [m, n, ŋ]

Approximants [l, r, w, j, h]

Question 6

partial or complete obstruction of air

Answer 6

Consonantal

Question 7

Name all consonantals

Answer 7

[p, b, t, d, k, g, θ, ð, f, v, s, z, ʃ, ʒ, t͡ʃ, d͡ʒ, m, n, ŋ, ɹ, l]
(every consonant sound except w, j, h)

Question 8

flow of air is not blocked at any point

Answer 8

Continuants

Question 9

Name all continuants

Answer 9

[θ, ð, f, v, s, z, ʃ, ʒ, ɹ, l, w, j, h]

fricatives and approximants

Question 10

high frequency “hissing” sounds, air forced through narrow opening

Answer 10

Sibilants

Question 11

Name all sibilants

Answer 11

[s, z, ʃ, ʒ]

Question 12

produced with constriction, airstream hits 2 surfaces (intense noises)

Answer 12

Stridents

Question 13

Name all stridents

Answer 13

[f, v, s, z, ʃ, ʒ, ʧ, ʤ]

Question 14

produced by some type of air obstruction/constriction

Answer 14

Obstruents

Question 15

Name all obstruents

Answer 15

Plosives [p, b, t, d, k, g]
Fricatives [f, v, s, z, θ, ð, ʃ, ʒ, h]
Affricates [ʧ, ʤ]

Question 16

complete vocal tract closure (pressure build up)- sudden release

Answer 16

Stops

Question 17

Name all stops

Answer 17

[p, b, t, d, k, g]

Question 18

partial blockage of VT, air forced through narrow channel

Answer 18

Fricatives

Question 19

Name all fricatives

Answer 19

[f, v, θ, ð, s, z, ʃ, ʒ, h]

Question 20

start as stop (air builds up), releases through narrow channel (fricative)

Answer 20

Affricates

Question 21

Name all affricates

Answer 21

[t͡ʃ, d͡ʒ]

Question 22

velum lowers & airflows through nasal cavity (closure of oral cavity)

Answer 22

Nasals

Question 23

Name all nasals

Answer 23

[m, n, ŋ]

Question 24

airstream flows around sides of the tongue (tip to mid alveolar ridge)

Answer 24

Liquids

Question 25

Name all liquids

Answer 25

[r, l]

Question 26

consonants with no stop or friction

Answer 26

Glides

Question 27

Name all glides

Answer 27

[j, w]

Question 28

produced using both lips

Answer 28

Bilabial

Question 29

Name all bilabials

Answer 29

[p, b, m, w]

Question 30

produced using both the lower lip and the upper front teeth

Answer 30

Labiodental

Question 31

Name all labiodental

Answer 31

[f, v]

Question 32

tongue tip on/near/between inner surface of upper teeth

Answer 32

Interdental

Question 33

Name all interdentals

Answer 33

[θ, ð]

Question 34

tip of tongue touches ridge immediately behind upper front teeth

Answer 34

Alveolar

Question 35

Name all alveolar sounds

Answer 35

[t, d, s, z, n, l]

Question 36

front part of tongue to/near hard palate at the roof of mouth

Answer 36

Palatal

Question 37

Name all palatal sounds

Answer 37

[j, r, ʃ, ʒ, t͡ʃ, d͡ʒ]

Question 38

back of tongue to/near velum

Answer 38

Velar

Question 39

Name all velar sounds

Answer 39

[k, g, ŋ]

Question 40

produced by air passing from windpipe through vocal cords

Answer 40

Glottal

Question 41

Name all glottal sounds

Answer 41

[h]

Question 42

Diphthongs

Answer 42

[aʊ (bound), aɪ (cry), ɔɪ (boy)]

Question 43

Rhotic Diphthongs

Answer 43

[ɪɚ (ear), ɛɚ (air), ɑɚ (are), ɔɚ (or)]

Question 44

Monophthongs

Answer 44

[eɪ] (bake)- same as [e] | [oʊ] (go)- same as [o]

Question 45

Produced by selectively amplifying open vocal tract

Answer 45

Vowels

Question 46

____ and ___ are important for perception of vowels

Answer 46

F1 and F2

Question 47

Nasals have ____ resonant frequencies and ____ intensity

Answer 47

lower | reduced

Question 48

Stops are Perceived based on:

Answer 48

frequency of burst & formant transitions F2 and F3