Photosynthesis

Question 1

Dark reactions are also known as the

Answer 1

Calvin cycle or light independent reactions

Question 2

Respiration equation

Answer 2

C6 H12 O6 + 6 H2O + 6 O2 ——–> 6 CO2 + 12 H2O

Question 3

What is oxidized and what is reduced in respiration

Answer 3

Question 4

Photosynthesis equation

Answer 4

6 CO2 + 12 H2O ——–> C6 H12 O6 + 6 H2O + 6 O2

Question 5

What is oxidized and reduced in photosynthesis

Answer 5

Question 6

pH of stroma relative to lumen

Answer 6

stroma = high pH
lumen = low pH

Question 7

stroma

Answer 7

liquid environment inside the inner membrane

Question 8

grana

Answer 8

stack fo disks

Question 9

thylakoid membranes

Answer 9

flattened internal membrane compartments

Question 10

tubular lamella

Answer 10

connection between the granas

Question 11

thylakoid lumen

Answer 11

inside the thylakoids

Question 12

2 stages of photosynthesis

Answer 12

-Light dependent reactions
-light-independent reactions

Question 13

-Light dependent reactions (3)

Answer 13

-capture of light energy by pigment
molecules and energy used to synthesize both ATP and NADPH.
-Occurs in the grana
-split water, release O2, produce ATP and NADPH

Question 14

Light-independent (3)

Answer 14

-electrons carried by NADPH and ATP used to covert CO2 from inorganic to organic
-Occurs in the stroma
-Glucose produced and Glyceraldehyde three phosphate

Question 15

3 Outcomes of when light hits a pigment molecule

Answer 15

-Energy results in heat
-Fluorescence
-Chemical reaction`

Question 16

inductive resonance

Answer 16

-Energy from an excited electron in a pigment molecule is transferred to a neighbouring pigment molecule

Question 17

photosystems (2)

Answer 17

-clumps of 200-300 pigment molecules that pass energy onto a reaction center molecule and trigger a light reaction
-Composed of a large antenna complex of pigments that surround the central reaction centre

Question 18

what is used in Chemiosmotic synthesis of ATP

Answer 18

chloroplast ATP synthase

Question 19

proton-motive force

Answer 19

establishes across thylakoid membrane utilized to synthesize ATP by chemiosmosis

Question 20

cyclic electron transport (3)

Answer 20

-Photosystem I can also operate independently of photosystem II by using cyclic electron flow
-Keeps moving protons across thylakoid membrane without the involvement of photosystem II
-Cyclic phosphorylation happens predominantly in isolated chloroplasts and bacteria

Question 21

3 reactions from the light dependent

Answer 21

-Oxidation of water
-Reduction of NADP+
-Formation of ATP

Question 22

What is G3P

Answer 22

starting point of synthesis for most organic molecules

Question 23

carbon fixation

Answer 23

captures CO2 molecules with the enzyme rubisco

Question 24

reduction

Answer 24

NADPH and ATP convert 3PGA into G3P (higher energy molecule that builds sugars)

Question 25

regeneration

Answer 25

Remaining G3P are used to recreate the starting RuBP

Question 26

RUBISCO (3)

Answer 26

catalyzes 2 different reactions by -Adding CO2 to ribulose biphosphate is known as carboxylase activity -Adding O2 to ribulose biphosphate is known as the oxygenase activity - transforms ribulose-5-phosphate and carbon dioxide into 3-carbon 3-phosphoglycarates

Question 27

As temp rises balance of air between _____ and ______ changes and the carboxylase reaction is ____ dominant

Answer 27

O2 CO2 less

Question 28

C3 and C4 plants (perform C/B cycle)

Answer 28

both yes

Question 29

C3 and C4 plants (primary carbon acceptor)

Answer 29

C3: RUBP C4: PEP

Question 30

C3 and C4 plants (CO2 fixing enzyme)

Answer 30

C3: Rubisco C4: PEP carboxylase

Question 31

C3 and C4 plants (1st product CO2 fixation)

Answer 31

C3: 3PG C4: Oxaloacetate

Question 32

C3 and C4 plants (affinity of carboxylase for CO2)

Answer 32

C3: moderate C4: high

Question 33

C3 and C4 plants (leaf anatomy - photosynthetic cells)

Answer 33

C3: mesophyll C4: mesophyll and bundle sheath

Question 34

C3 and C4 plants (classes of chloroplasts)

Answer 34

C3: one C4: two

Question 35

C3 and C4 plants (photorespiration)

Answer 35

C3: extensive C4: minimal