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Geography > Physical Landscapes in the UK : Glacial Landscapes > Flashcards

Physical Landscapes in the UK : Glacial Landscapes Flashcards

1
Q

Freeze Thaw Weathering

A
  • Water flows between cracks in rocks
  • Which freezes into ice overnight
  • Ice expands
  • Weakens rock, easier for glaciers to erode
  • eventually breaks rock apart and it weathers away
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2
Q

Abrasion

A
  • Glacier moves pebbles against rock
  • Acting like sandpaper
  • smooths the rock
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3
Q

Plucking

A
  • Process of erosion
  • Glacier moves over rock and plucks it
  • Pulling away chunks of rock
  • Leaving gauges and jagged rock
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4
Q

Basal Sliding

A
  • Water lubricates glacier

- Enabling it to slide downhill

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5
Q

Rotational Slip

A
  • When a glacier is in a hollow
  • Movement is curved
  • Causing movement of ice
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6
Q

Bulldozing

A
  • When glacier pushes loose debris ahead of it
  • Essentially transporting it downhill
  • Like a bulldozer
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7
Q

Till

A
  • Fragments of rock left behind as
  • As a glacier moves
  • Due to a lack of water to transport it
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8
Q

Outwash

A
  • Attrition rounds rock and diminishes it in size

- This sandy material is called outwash

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9
Q

Corrie Formation

A
  • Snow accumulates in a hollow of a mountain
  • Compresses to ice
  • Freeze thaw weathering steepens back wall
  • Rotational slip gouges hollow deeper
  • Scree and moraine from freeze thaw weathering and plucking accumulate forming the corrie lip
  • Ice may melt to form a tarn
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10
Q

Arete formation

A
  • Formed by two back to back corries
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11
Q

Pyramidal Peak formation

A
  • Formed by three back to back corries
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12
Q

Glacial Trough formation

A
  • Abrasion forms steep sided, wide and flat bottomed valley

- V shaped valley eroded by abrasion by glacier forming U shaped troughs

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13
Q

Truncated Spurs formation

A
  • Glacier unable to flow around existing interlocking spurs
  • So ploughs straight through
  • Forming steep edged truncated Spurs
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14
Q

Hanging Valleys Formation

A
  • Smaller glaciers feeding into main glacier
  • Main glacier was lower than tributary ones
  • Forming hanging valleys
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15
Q

Ribbon Lake formation

A
  • Formed from severe erosion when a tributary glacier joins a main glacier
  • Or erosion of a weaker rock
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16
Q

Ground Moraine

A
  • Material dragged underneath glacier

- And left behind when ice melts

17
Q

Lateral Moraine

A
  • Forms at edges of glacier
  • Mostly scree from FTW of valley sides
  • When ice melts it forms a low ridge on valley sides
18
Q

Medial Moraine

A
  • When tributary glacier joins main glacier
  • Two lateral moraines merge to form a medial moraine
  • A single line of sediment running down the centre of the main glacier
  • On melting it forms a ridge down the center of the valley
19
Q

Terminal Moraine

A
  • Huge amounts of material that pile up at the snout of the glacier
  • often 10s of metres high
20
Q

Drumlims

A
  • Smooth egg shaped hills
  • 10m high
  • Several hundred metres long
  • Found in clusters on the floor of a glacial trough
  • Made from moraine that has been streamlined and shaped by moving ice
  • Blunt end indicates the direction of movement of a glacier
21
Q

Erratics

A
  • Large boulder
  • With different geology to its surroundings
  • Deposited by a melted glacier
  • Used to trace history of glaciers
22
Q

What are the opportunities of Glaciated areas?

A
  • Farming
  • Quarrying
  • Tourism
  • Forestry
23
Q

Farming opportunities in glaciated areas

A
  • Upland areas can be used for sheep to graze
  • Flat bottomed glacial troughs are rich in minerals with thick soil
  • So can be used to grow crops
  • Lowland glaciated areas can be covered with a thick later of till
  • Which is very fertile, so is well suited for intensive farming
24
Q

Forestry opportunities in glaciated areas

A
  • Upland areas have acidic soils
  • Conifers are suited to acidic soils
  • Grow back every 20-30 years so can be used for paper as a renewable source
25
Q

Quarrying opportunities in glaciated areas

A
  • Abundance in Limestone
  • Very useful in the chemical industry for cement
  • Hard rock
  • Can be used for construction
26
Q

Tourism opportunities in glaciated areas

A
  • Spectacular glacial scenery
  • Outdoor activities
  • Hiking, fishing, skiing, climbing, mountain biking, photography
27
Q

Example for conflict in glaciated areas

A
  • LAKE DISTRICT
  • Wind farms

Pros

  • Renewable energy source
  • Provides energy for locals
  • Less contribution to climate change

Cons

  • Destroys natural habitat
  • Visually intrusive for locals
  • May reduce tourists, economically damaging
  • Expensive
28
Q

Social benefits of tourism in Lake District?

A
  • Tourists enjoy activities
29
Q

Social negatives of tourism in Lake District?

A
  • House prices are high
  • 14.8 million tourists is very
    intrusive on lives of locals’
  • Increased population means more traffic and congestion
30
Q

Economic benefits of tourism in Lake district?

A
  • Lots of money spent, helps hotels, shops, restaurants
  • Locals have increased income from working and more customers
  • New businesses can start for new activities
  • Job opportunities increase
31
Q

Economic negatives of tourism in Lake District?

A
  • Traffic congestion can interrupt business communications

- Jobs in tourism are mostly seasonal, unreliable and poorly paid

32
Q

Environmental positives of tourism in Lake District?

A
  • More money spent, so more money can be put towards environmental causes
33
Q

Environmental negatives of tourism in Lake District?

A
  • More tourists means more litter
  • More tourists means more pollution via exhaust fumes of cars
  • Erosion of landscapes from bikers, walkers, cars
34
Q

What attracts Tourists to the Lake District?

A
  • Windermere lake gives amazing scenery

- Activities

35
Q

How is tourism managed in the Lake District?

A
  • Dual carriageways built to help with congestion problems
  • Creating paths to reduce erosion
  • Park and Ride bus schemes for tourists reduces CO2 emissions

Geography (26 decks)

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