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Geography > Section A : Rio part > Flashcards

Section A : Rio part Flashcards

1
Q

Why is Rio important nationally and internationally?

A
  • Brazil’s mosti mportant industrial centre, produces 5% of Brazils GDP
  • Important in manufacturing and services
  • Transport hub with 3 airports and 5 ports
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2
Q

Migration in Rio

A

From Rural Brazil, South America, China, South Korea

  • Job opportunities
  • Better living conditions
  • Better pay
  • Better facilities
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3
Q

Rio’s Zones

A

North Zone : Very industrialised, many favelas

Centro : Financial center, oldest part

South Zone : Tourist focussed and very wealthy, Copacabana Beach

West Zone : Mix of wealthier, (Barra du Tijuca) and more industrial (Campo Grande) areas

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4
Q

Healthcare Challenges , Opportunities and Solutions

A
  • 6 hospitals so better healthcare than in countryside
  • 55% of families had access to health clinic in 2013
  • Life expectancy and healthcare varies widely between different areas
  • Very poor services for pregnant women and elderly
  • Santa Marta : A remote favela, Med kits into people’s homes for treatment of disease
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5
Q

Education Challenges and opportunities and Solutions

A
  • 90% of Children aged 10 are illiterate
  • 25% of poorest children do not go to school and only half the children continue their education beyond age of 14
  • Schools funded to cover the costs of schooling, private university in Rocinha, free sports lessons
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6
Q

Water Supply Challenges Opportunities and Solutions

A
  • Higher access to water in urbanised areas than rural areas
  • 12% of population did not have access to running water, HOWEVER 5% NOW THOUGH
  • 37% of water lost through leaky pipes, fraud and illegal access
  • Rio is severely affected by droughts
  • 1998-2014, 7 new water treatment plants were built with over 300km of pipes laid
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7
Q

Energy Challenges Opportunities and Solutions

A
  • 3X more people have access to electricity in urban areas than in rural areas
  • Blackouts due to poor supply
  • In Favelas, many people illegally tap into mains
  • 60km of power lines, nuclear generator and hydroelectric complexes built
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8
Q

Economic Opportunities (formal sector)

A
  • Ports
  • Manufacturing
  • Public Services (66%)
  • Service industries
  • Construction
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9
Q

Economic Challenges

A
  • Unemployment over 20% in Favelas
  • Most working in informal economy
  • Government attempting to educate children to reduce this
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10
Q

Informal Economy

A
  • Work done without official government knowledge, NO TAX PAID
  • Poor, irregular pay
  • Eg. Street Vendors
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11
Q

Air Pollution

A
  • 40% more cars in last decade

- Congestion causes smog

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12
Q

Water Pollution

A
  • Guanabara Bay highly polluted
  • Polluted rivers flowing in
  • Poor sewage system, so contamination happens
  • Ships dump excess fuel
  • 200 tonnes of sewage, 50 tonnes of industrial waste enter the Bay every day
  • 12 new sewage treatment works built, with 5km of pipes laid
  • Ships fined for dumping fuel
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13
Q

Waste Pollution

A
  • Favelas built on steep slopes, so difficult to access
  • Waste is dumped leading to vermin and disease
  • Power plants burning waste were set up, consuming 30 tonnes of waste a day
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14
Q

Where are Favelas located?

A
  • 60% in Suburbs
  • 25% in outer parts of city
  • Some built up to 40km away from city centre
  • 22% OF RIO’S POPULATION LIVES IN FAVELAS
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15
Q

Improvements to Rocinha

A

Largest Favela in Rio

  • 90% of homes built with brick and have electricity
  • TVs Fridges
  • McDonalds
  • Schools, health facilities, private university
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16
Q

Challenges of Squatter Settlements

A
  • Crime
  • Pollution
  • Health
  • Construction
  • Unemployment
  • Services
17
Q

Construction challenges

A
  • Built on steep slopes
  • Landslides caused 224 deaths in 2010
  • Poor road access
18
Q

Service challenges

A

12% of homes without water

  • 30% without electricity
  • 50% no sewage systems (often open drains)
19
Q

Unemployment Challenges

A
  • Up to 20%
  • Poor pay
  • Average incomes are less than £75 a month
20
Q

Crime Challenges

A
  • Murder rates as high as 20 per 1000 people
  • Many Favelas controlled by Drug Gangs
  • Public distrust in police due to violence and corruption
21
Q

Health Challenges

A
  • Infant mortality as high as 50 per 1000

- Waste can build up, fires can break out

22
Q

Improvements to Favelas

A
  • Relocation of population
  • Raising taxes of wealthy
  • Developing rural areas
  • Schemes such as help for Rocinha, FAVELA BAIRRO PROJECT
23
Q

Favela Bairro Project

A

Site and service scheme provided by the government of Rio

Land and services for residents are created for the building of residents homes

24
Q

Favela Bairro Project positives

A
  • Paved roads
  • Access to water, sewage system
  • Facilities and services
  • Crime control
25
Q

Favela Bairro project negatives

A
  • $1 billion in costs, may not cover every favela
  • Infrastructure probably not properly maintained
  • Rents may rise, making poorer people worse off

Geography (26 decks)

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