Case Studies Paper 1 Flashcards
1
Q
Typhoon Haiyan
A
Primary effects
- 6300 dead
- 600,000 displaced
- 30,000 fishing boats destroyed
- 90% Tacloban destroyed
- Oil spills causing water pollution of Mangroves
- Thousands of trees uprooted
Secondary Effects
- Cholera outbreak
- Violence and looting outbreak
- Great difficulty in generating an economic comeback
- Children could not go to school
Immediate response
- 12,000 evacuation centers
- Red Cross provided food and water
Long term response
- Rebuilding of Tacloban’s roads and houses
- New storm surge warning systems
2
Q
Malaysia Case Study Statistics
A
Causes of Deforestation
- Tin, oil and gas extraction
- Population pressure (15,000 hectares felled)
- Commercial farming (largest exporter of palm oil in the world, trees felled for plantations)
- Subsistence farming (slash n burn)
Impacts of Deforestation
- 15,000 hectares felled due to population pressure
- Soil erosion
- Loss of biodiversity habitats
- Half rainforests felled in total
- Contribution to climate change
Why should we deforest Malaysia?
- job opportunities
- valuable minerals
- improved road transport
Why shouldn’t we deforest Malaysia?
- climate change
- Loss of biodiversity
- less tourists
- finite resources
- indigenous people
How can we sustainably manage rainforests?
- International agreements
- ecotourism
- hardwood forestry
- debt reduction
3
Q
Svalbard Case Study
A
Opportunities for Development?
- Mineral extraction (coal, main economic activity, 300 jobs, however industry has declined)
- Tourism (landscapes, experience, activities)
- Fishing (one of largest cod stocks in world, Barents sea, herring n haddock)
- Energy Development (geothermal energy, constructive plate margin)
Challenges for Development?
- Temperatures (warm clothes, difficult to work)
- Construction (permafrost, limited daylight hours)
- Services and accessibility (remote, plane or ship, few roads)
4
Q
Banbury Case Study
A
What has been done?
- Raising A361 road
- Improvements to drainage beneath roads
- Floodwalls to protect properties
- Creation of new habitat to absorb excess water
Pros
- Reduces impacts in case of a flood for local lives
- protection of over 500 properties reduces property damage
- Environmentally beneficial creating
- Better quality of life
- Reduced anxiety from flooding
- Benefits are an estimated £100 million
Cons
- Noise pollution during construction
- Ugly
- £18 million in costs
5
Q
Haiti Earthquake 2010
A
- 220,000 dead, 250,000 injured
- 300,000 buildings collapsed
- 1.3 million homeless
- Water, communication and electricity were destroyed and police were in chaos
- Port and airport damaged
- $8 Billion in damages
- Landslides
- Oil Spills
- Trees destroyed
Background
- 1/3 of Port Au Prince Destroyed
- 2/3 of population unemployed
- 1/2 of Haiti was poor
Responses
- Dominican Republic : Water, medical supplies
- USA : 10,00 troops
- $13.5 billion donated
6
Q
Somerset Flooding
A
- 600 houses flooded
- 16 farms evacuated
- 100+ livestock evacuated
- 14,000 hectares of agricultural land was submerged for 4 weeks
- Roads and railway line cut off
- Farm waters heavily contaminated with sewage
- Ecosystems temporarily destroyed
- Boats used for travel
- £20 million flood action plan launched
- River banks built
- Rivers dredged
- Caused by rivers not being dredged for 20 years
- High tides and storm surges swept upstream
7
Q
Lake District
A
Pros
- Opportunities for new businesses to open
- Job opportunities
- Locals have increased income
- More money spent, so more environmental charity
Cons
- Shop prices increase, causing difficulty for locals
- Environmental damage through erosion and litter
- Seasonal jobs, poorly paid
- Increased pollution
- Traffic congestion interrupting business communications
Opportunities?
- Hiking
- Photography
- Windermere lake
- Scenery
Management Strategies?
- Paths to reduce erosion
- Dual Carriageways built to help with congestion
- Park and Bus ride schemes for tourists to reduce co2 emissions and car usage
8
Q
Eyjafjallajökull
A
Primary Effects
- Roads and homes destroyed
- No loss of lives
- Ash cloud turned day to night
Secondary Effects
- worldwide, businesses lost billions
- Sporting events cancelled due to cancelled flights, impacts to tourism industry
- Fresh food imports halted
- Local water supplies contaminated with fluoride
- Flooding from melting glaciers
- Europe lost over 6 million dollars a day from losses in the tourism industry
Immediate response
- EU airspace closed as a precaution
- Evacuation
- State of emergency declared
Long term response
- Properties rebuilt
- Cleansing of water supplies
9
Q
Bangladesh
A
- Deaths reduced from 500,000 in 1970 to 4,000 in 2007
- BECAUSE OF EARLY WARNING SYSTEMS
- CYCLONE SHELTERS
- BETTER AWARENESS
- CYCLONES TRACKED, WARNINGS GIVEN BY RADIO, TELEVISION
10
Q
Mt etna
A
- PROTECTION
- Lava flow was redirected from populated areas by using explosives and earth embankments
11
Q
Chile Earthquake 2010
A
- 500 killed
- 12,000 injured
- 800,000 affected
- destruction of buildings and infrastructure
- $30 billion in damages
- 53 ports destroyed
- 4500 schools destroyed
- 220,000 homes destroyed
- tsunami devastated coastal towns
- 1500km or roads destroyed by landslides
- chemical plant fire
Immediate responses
- 90% of power and water restored within 10 days
- emergency services ACTED QUICKLY
Long term responsss
- houses reconstructed
