Section A : London Part

Question 1

Significance of London Docklands Internationally and nationally

Answer 1

• Travel Hub (Heathrow, public transport and trains and cycling)
• Tourism (nearly 16 billion spent in 2019, 20,000 jobs reliant on tourism)
• More than 300 languages spoken in London, more than any other city in the world

Question 2

Effects of Migration in London?

Answer 2

• Different races and languages introduced, religions, faiths and communities
• Contributed to more than 20 Billion of UK’s finances
• Pay tax
• Bring sporting talent, eg. Mo Farah
• Housing shortage
• More pollution
• More congestion causing economic loss

Question 3

How has Urban Change created opportunities?

Answer 3

Culturally

• enriches areas of London into cultural life
• restaurants
• Festivals (Notting Hill carnival)

Economically

• Employment
• £20 billion contribution from migrants
• Productivity in London is on average 40% higher than anywhere else in the UK

Recreation and Entertainment

• British Museum
• National Gallery
• Concerts
• Theaters

Integrated transport systems

• public transport
• Heathrow and Gatwick are major hub international airports
• Buses
• Trains
• 700,000 bike journeys a day
• 25% of people use public transport

Environmental : (URBAN GREENING)

• Improve quality of life
• Freshness of air
• Habitats for birds

Question 4

How has Urban Change created Social and Economic Challenges?

Answer 4

Inequalities in housing

• Rents higher in London
• Average London house price went above £650k in 2020 vs £230k national average

Inequalities in Education

• Poorer areas of London get worse education
• Low GCSEs create difficulty finding jobs in future

Inequalities in Health
- Wealthiest areas have better health facilities

Employment

• poorer areas have lower rates of employment
• Gang violence because of poverty causes less employment

Question 5

Chelsea and Kensington’s OPPORTUNITIES

Answer 5

• Skilled workers live on average 8 years more than those in Newham
• Children are 4X more likely to go to university
• Unemployment is low at 3.9%
• 26% of households have a joint income of over £60,000
• Very few derelict areas
• Regeneration
• Greenspaces

Question 6

Newham CHALLENGES?

Answer 6

• Children are twice as likely to live in bad housing (significant physical and mental heath effects)
• Nearly 2 grades lower GCSEs on average
• Cannot afford education
• Cannot afford food or heating in some households
• Children are disadvantaged

Environmental

• Lack of recently constructed housing
• poor heating systems
• Lots of damp

Question 7

How has Urban Change created Environmental Challenges?

Answer 7

• Housing shortages
• Air pollution
• High amounts of waste
• Litter
• Aims to cut greenhouse gas emissions through cutting London’s municipal waste

Question 8

Impacts of Urban Sprawl on rural-urban fringe

Answer 8

• Increased traffic, more accidents and air pollution
• Sprawling cities consumes land, displacing animals from their environment
• Increased population density, more expensive in shops
• Rise in house prices
• Land is cheap so poorer people can live there
• Offers cheap employment

Question 9

Advantages and Disadvantages of building on Greenfield sites

Answer 9

• No need to clean up land from previous construction
• Cheaper land
• Architects have a blank canvas to work with
• Destroys habitats
• Socially unpleasant
• Farmland destroyed

Question 10

Advantages and Disadvantages of building on Brownfield sites

Answer 10

• Less environmentally damaging
• More sustainable
• Stops urban sprawl
• Road networks already exist
• More likely to get planning permission
• closer to CBD
• Land has to be cleaned, expensive
• Could be harmful contaminating pollutants present from hazardous waste from before

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