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Physics Flashcards

1
Q

Charge is measured in…

A

Coulombs (C)

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2
Q

The charge of an atom is… because…

A

Neutral. They have an equal number of positive and negative charges that cancel out

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3
Q

An atom becomes an ion when it…

A

Loses or gains electrons

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4
Q

An ion is…

A

An atom that has lost or gained electrons

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5
Q

When and atom loses electrons it becomes … charged

A

Positively

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6
Q

When and atom gains electrons it becomes … charged

A

Negatively

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7
Q

When charged particles interact they will do 1 of 2 things:

A

Attract or repel

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8
Q

Opposites charges…

A

Attract

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9
Q

Like charges…

A

Repel

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10
Q

A material is classified as an insulator or conductor based on…

A

How easily electrons move through them

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11
Q

Electrons move through materials by…

A

Jumping from one atom to the next

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12
Q

The atoms that make up conductors have…

A

Electrons in wide orbits around the nucleus. Making it easy for electrons to move between atoms

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13
Q

The atoms that make up insulators have…

A

Electrons in tight orbits around the nucleus. Making it difficult for electrons to move between atoms

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14
Q

For electrons to travel through conductors … energy is required

A

Less

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15
Q

For electrons to travel through insulators … energy is required

A

Much more

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16
Q

Metals are very good conductors because…

A

They contain delocalised electrons which are not bound to an atom so can move freely throughout the metal

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17
Q

A material which is a good insulator is…

A

Plastic

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18
Q

Water is a good conductor because…

A

It contains many ions

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19
Q

In water, charge isn’t carried by electrons, it’s carried by…

A

Ions

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20
Q

Pure water is a good … because …

A

Insulator. Because it contains no charged particles

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21
Q

If electrons are being removed from an object then…

A

Positive charge is being transferred

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22
Q

If electrons are being transferred to an object then…

A

Negative charge is being transferred

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23
Q

When electrons are transferred to an insulator they will…

A

Stay where they are/not distribute

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24
Q

Electrons transferred to a conductor will…

A

Immediately spread out across the surface

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25
The shape of a conductor affects how charge…
Distributes itself
26
In spherical conductors charge will...
Spread evenly across the surface
27
In pointed conductors charge will...
pack more densely into pointed parts
28
Friction can cause electrons to... making ….
transfer from one material to another. making one positively charged and the other negatively charged
29
A material with a high electron affinity has a...
stronger attraction to electrons
30
A material with a low electron affinity has a...
weaker attraction to electrons
31
Materials that have a weaker attraction to electrons have a...
low electron affinity
32
Materials that have a stronger attraction to electrons have a...
high electron affinity
33
If two materials with different electron affinities rub together...
the electrons will transfer from the low affinity material to the high affinity material
34
High affinity materials include:
plastic materials such as rubber or nylon
35
Low affinity materials include:
hair glass and wool
36
2 conductors coming into contact cause a...
charge transfer
37
when a charged conductor comes in contact with a neutral conductor...
the electrons spread evenly across the 2 objects
38
Current is measured in...
Amps, A
39
Conventional current describes the...
flow of positive charge
40
electron current describes...
how electrons move
41
voltage is measured in...
volts, V
42
resistance is measured in...
ohms, Ω
43
voltage is the...
force a circuit applies to electrons, to move them
44
resistance is...
how difficult it is for electric current to flow through a circuit
45
V=IR is called...
ohm's law
46
Electric current is...
the movement of flow of electric charge
47
Electrical energy is the...
amount of power transfered by electrons in a certain time
48
Electrical energy is meassured in...
joules, J (or kWh)
49
Electrical power is measured in...
Watts, W
50
Electrical power is the...
amount of energy used by a circuit each second
51
P=IV
power = current x voltage
52
P=E/t
Power = energy/time
53
A bulb with more electric power supplied to it...
emits more heat and light energy
54
A circuit is a...
closed loop of wire that electric current flows through
55
Every circuit has...
atleast 1 component that supplies energy (battery) and atleast 1 component that uses electrical energy(lamp)
56
cells supply...
electrical energy to a unit
57
In a cell the longer line is the...
positive terminal
58
In a cell the shorter line is the...
negative terminal
59
Electric current flows out of ... and into ...
positive and into negative
60
resistors increase...
the resistance of a circuit
61
resistors control...
the amount of current flowing through a circuit
62
light bulbs also increase the...
resistance of a circuit
63
electric current flowing thorugh a component is measured using an...
ammeter
64
in a series circuit there is only...
1 path for electric current to flow through
65
In a series circuit current is...
the same everywhere
66
If a series circuit is broken...
the whole circuit stops working
67
In a circuit the total resistance is the...
sum of resistances of all components
68
In a series circuit, voltage supllied is...
divided amognst the components
69
The voltage across a component is called the..
voltage drop
70
Adding more components to a seres cicuit increases .... so less....
total rsistance. less current is drawn from the power source. Meaning each voltage drop will become less
71
The more bulbs youa dd to a series cicuit...
the dimmer they get
72
Parallel circuits have...
multiple paths for elctrical current to flow through
73
In Parallel circuits, the current is...
divided amongst the paths
74
In Parallel circuits, compnents are placed...
on different branches
75
In Parallel circuits, voltage...
is the same across each branch
76
Adding more components to a parallel circuit ... total resistance, so more ....
decreases. so more current is drawn from the power source
77
In a parallel circuit if a component stops workign current can...
continue to flow throuhg other branches
78
in a parallel circuit bulbs stay...
the same brightness
79
magnetic forces are measured in...
newtons, N
80
magnetic forces are a...
non-contact force
81
magnetic forces are generated by...
bar magnets and moving charges
82
like poles...
repel
83
opposite poles...
attract
84
a magnetics field is...
a region of space where a magnetic force can be felt
85
the symbol for a magnetic field strength is...
B
86
magnetic field strneght is measured in...
teslas, T
87
the closer the lines are...
the stronger the magnetic force
88
magnetic field lines leave the... and enter the...
north pole. enter the south pole

Science (6 decks)

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