Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Vascular II & Physics II > Physics Ch. 15 & 16 > Flashcards

Physics Ch. 15 & 16 Flashcards

1
Q

Composed of 2 shades, black and white

A

bistable images

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Gray scale displays multiple

A

levels of brightness: white, black and gray

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the two display user controls for video monitors

A

contrast, brightness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Determines range of brilliancies within displayed image

A

contrast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Bistable images are _____ contrast

A

high

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Gray scale images are _____ contrast

A

low

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Determines brilliance of the displayed image

A

brightness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Store information and display it

A

scan converter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Used in early days of two-dimensional imaging

A

analog scan converter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Used in modern day A-D imaging

A

digital scan converter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Can have an unlimited and continuous range of values

A

analog numbers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Discrete values

A

Digital numbers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Spatial resolution (imaging detail) of an analog scan converter is

A

excellent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Limitation of analog scan converter

A

image fade, image flicker, instability, deterioration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Use computer technology to convert images into numbers

A

digitizing (1s and 0s)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Advantages of digital scan converters

A

uniformity, stability, durability, speed, accuracy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Two important elements of digital scan converters

A

pixel, bit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Picture element, smallest building block of a digital picture

A

pixel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Number of pixels per inch

A

pixel density

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Higher pixel density is achieved with

A

smaller pixels (more pixels per inch)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What improves with high pixel density and creates an image with greater detail

A

spatial resolution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Binary digit, smallest amount of computer memory, bistable

A

bit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Group of bits and a series of 0s and 1s, digital

A

binary number

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

A group of 8 bits of computer memory

A

byte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Computer memory that consists of 2 bytes
word
26
Many shades of gray have better
contrast resolution
27
How many shades of gray are displayed with 5 bits of memory
32
28
Converting information from analog to digital is advantageous because
digital information is far less susceptible to contamination
29
What is the 5 step process from analog to digital
1. A-to-D converter, 2. preprocessing, 3. post processing, 4. D-to-A converter, 5. Analog form is displayed
30
Manipulation of image data BEFORE storage in the scan converter
pre processing
31
Can preprocessing be reversed
no
32
Manipulation of image data AFTER storage in the scan converter
post processing
33
Can post processing be reversed
yes
34
Sonographer can improve visualization of anatomic detail by enlarging a portion of an image to fill the enter screen
magnification/zoom
35
What are the 2 types of magnification
read, write
36
Which magnification occurs in postprocessing? Preprocessing?
read, write
37
In read, the number of pixels in the magnified image is _____ as the original
the same
38
In read, spatial resolution _______ because the number of pixels are _______
does not change, unchanged
39
In write, the number of pixels in the magnified image is ______ that that of the ______
greater than, original
40
In write, spatial resolution is ______ as there is an _____ number of pixels
improved, increased
41
Method of improving image quality. Developed within context of bioeffects
coded excitation
42
Creates very long pulses containing a wide range of frequencies
coded excitation
43
Coded excitation occurs in the
pulser
44
Advantages of coded excitation
1. higher signal to noise ratio, 2. improved axial res, 3. improved spatial res, 4. improved contrast res, 5. deeper penetration
45
Method of using sonographic information from different imaging angles to produce a single image
spatial compounding
46
Is spatial compounding pre or post processing
pre
47
Reduces speckle and minimizes shadowing artifact
compound images
48
Do compound images improve spatial resolution? Temporal resolution?
yes, no
49
______ steering of the sound beam is used in compound imaging
electronic
50
Advanced technique that reduces speckle artifact and noise in the ultrasound images
frequency compounding
51
Preprocessing method that makes pictures look sharper
edge enhancement
52
Occurs in preprocessing, commonly known as persistence, processing technique that continues to display information from older images
temporal compounding, persistence, temporal averaging
53
Temporal compounding/persistence creates a _____ image with ______ noise, ______ signal to noise ratio and _____ image quality. It ______ temporal resolution
smoother, reduced, higher, improved, reduces
54
With sector shaped images, the scan lines separate at increasing depths. Gaps or missing information exists between the scan lines and this interprets it
fill-in interpolation
55
Fill-in interpolation ______ spatial resolution and is a form of _________
improves, pre processing
56
Images are related to mechanical properties of the tissue, will deform differently following the application of a force, stiffness data
elastography
57
Elastography ________ spatial resolution
does not improve
58
What does PACS stand for
picture archiving and communications system
59
Describes the digital ultrasound lab in which images and additional medical information are digitized and stored on a larger computer network
PACS
60
What does DICOM stand for
Digital Imaging and Computers in Medicine
61
Set of rules and protocols that allows imaging systems to share information on a network
DICOM
62
Method of describing the extent to which a signal can ary and still maintain accuracy
dynamic range
63
Units of dynamic range
dB
64
Comparison ratio between the largest and smallest signal that are measured accurately
dynamic range
65
As a general rule, the dynamic range of information _____ the more it is processed
decreases
66
Eliminates the potential errors when moving from on component to another
compression of dynamic range
67
If an image has high contrast, it has ____ shades of gray
few
68
Represents the level below which information will not be displayed
threshold
69
A _____ pixel density improves spatial resolution
high
70
Are the following procedures usually pre or post processing? Modifying a frozen image, read zoom, write zoom, adjusting brightness on the monitor, increasing the receiver gain
post, post, pre, post, pre
71
With frequency compounding, how many pulses are transmitted down each scan line
1
72
An uncompressed image signal within the receiver of an ultrasound system has a dynamic range of 110dB. The signal undergoes 40dB of compression. What is the dynamic range of the compressed signal?
70dB
73
An uncompressed signal has a dynamic range of 85dB. The signal undergoes 30dB of compression. What is the dynamic range of the compressed signal
55dB
74
After compression, a signal within the ultrasound system has a dynamic range of 70dB. The original signal was compressed by 40dB. What is the dynamic range of the original, uncompressed signal
110dB
75
A signal within a system's receiver has a dynamic range of 60dB after compression. The original signal was compressed by 50dB. What is the dynamic range of the original, uncompressed signal
110dB
76
Narrow dynamic range has ____ contrast
high
77
Wide dynamic range has _____ contrast
low

Vascular II & Physics II (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions