Physics Ch. 18

Question 1

Study of blood moving through the circulatory system

Answer 1

hemodynamics

Question 2

Flow (volume flow rate) indicates the _____ of blood moving _______

Answer 2

volume, during a particular time

Question 3

Indicates speed of a fluid moving from one location to another

Answer 3

velocity

Question 4

What are the 3 forms of blood flow

Answer 4

pulsatile, phasic, steady

Question 5

Occurs when blood moves with variable velocity

Answer 5

Pulsatile

Question 6

In pulsatile flow, blood accelerates and decelerates as a result of

Answer 6

cardiac contraction

Question 7

Pulsatile flow commonly appears in

Answer 7

arterial circulation

Question 8

Occurs when blood moves at a variable velocity

Answer 8

phasic

Question 9

In phasic flow, blood accelerates and decelerates as a result of

Answer 9

respiration

Question 10

Phasic flow commonly appears in

Answer 10

venous circulation

Question 11

Occurs when a fluid moves at a constant speed or velocity

Answer 11

steady

Question 12

Steady flow is present in venous circulation with

Answer 12

helps inspiration or held expiration

Question 13

Occurs when the flow streamlines are aligned and parallel

Answer 13

laminar flow

Question 14

Laminar flow is characterized by _____ of blood that travel at

Answer 14

layers, individual speeds

Question 15

Laminar flow is

Answer 15

silent

Question 16

All the layers and blood cells travel at the same velocity

Answer 16

plug flow

Question 17

Bullet-shaped- velocity is highest in the center of the lumen and gradually decreases as it gets closer to the vessel wall

Answer 17

parabolic flow

Question 18

Characterized by chaotic flow patterns in many different directions and at many velocities, streamlines are often obliterated

Answer 18

turbulent flow

Question 19

Turbulent flow creates swirling pattern. These are called

Answer 19

eddy currents

Question 20

Turbulent flow is associated with _____ pathology and elevated/increased blood velocities

Answer 20

cardiovascular

Question 21

Sound associated with turbulence is called

Answer 21

murmur or bruit

Question 22

Tissue vibration associated with turbulent flow is called a

Answer 22

thrill (palpable murmur)

Question 23

Predicts whether flow is laminar or turbulent, unitless number

Answer 23

reynolds number

Question 24

Reynolds number is less than 1500

Answer 24

laminar flow

Question 25

Reynolds number is greater than 2000

Answer 25

turbulent flow

Question 26

Blood moves from regions of _______ to _______. What is this called

Answer 26

higher energy to lower energy, energy gradient

Question 27

What provides energy to blood

Answer 27

the contraction of the heart in systole

Question 28

What are the 3 forms of energy

Answer 28

kinetic, pressure, gravitational

Question 29

Total energy at a specific location within the circulation is the

Answer 29

sum of all 3 energy forms

Question 30

Associated with a moving object

Answer 30

kinetic energy

Question 31

What is kinetic energy determined by

Answer 31

objects mass, speed at which it moves

Question 32

Stored or potential energy, major form of energy for circulating blood and creates flow by overcoming _____

Answer 32

pressure energy, resistance

Question 33

Associated with any elevated object, also a form of stored or potential energy

Answer 33

gravitational energy

Question 34

3 energy losses in circulation

Answer 34

viscous loss, frictional loss and inertial loss

Question 35

Describes the thickness of a fluid

Answer 35

viscosity

Question 36

More energy is lost with movement of ______ viscosity fluids

Answer 36

high

Question 37

Viscosity is measured in units of

Answer 37

poise

Question 38

Viscous energy loss in blood is determined by the

Answer 38

hematocrit

Question 39

Losses that occur when flow energy is converted to heat as an object rubs against the other

Answer 39

frictional

Question 40

Blood sliding across a vessel wall creates

Answer 40

heat

Question 41

Relates to the tendency of a fluid to resist changes in its velocity

Answer 41

inertia

Question 42

Inertial energy loss occurs during what 3 events

Answer 42

pulsatile, phasic, stenosis

Question 43

Pulsatile flow happens during _____ circulation

Answer 43

arterial

Question 44

Phasic flow happens during ______ circulation

Answer 44

venous

Question 45

Velocity change at a narrowing in the lumen of a vessel

Answer 45

stenosis

Question 46

Effects a stenosis has on blood flow

Answer 46

changes in direction, increase in velocity, post stenotic turbulence, pressure gradient

Question 47

Pressure downstream from the stenosis (after) is _____ than the pressure upstream (before)

Answer 47

lower

Question 48

Describes the relationship between velocity and pressure in a moving fluid

Answer 48

bernoulli's principle

Question 49

Bernoulli's principle is derived from the principle of

Answer 49

conservation of energy

Question 50

The principle states, with a STEADY flow, the _______ forms of energy is the same everywhere

Answer 50

the sum of all

Question 51

States energy is neither created nor destroyed, but simply converted from one form to another

Answer 51

law of conservation of energy

Question 52

Veins have ____ walls and are ______

Answer 52

thin, collapsible

Question 53

During normal functions, veins have ____ pressure and only partially expand

Answer 53

low

Question 54

During exercise, the pressure ____ in the veins and they appear more round

Answer 54

increases

Question 55

Veins can accommodate large volume increases with

Answer 55

small pressure increases

Question 56

Pressure related to the weight of blood pressing on a vessel measured at the height above or below heart level

Answer 56

hydrostatic pressure

Question 57

If blood measurement is made at the level of the heart, the hydrostatic pressure is ____ and _____

Answer 57

0mmHg, no error in measurement

Question 58

If the blood pressure measurement is made _____ the level of the heart, the measured blood pressure is erroneously high

Answer 58

below

Question 59

If the blood pressure measurement is made ____ the level of the heart, the measured blood pressure is erroneously low

Answer 59

above

Question 60

During inspiration, the diaphragm moves ______, the chest cavity _____ and there is a _____ in chest pressure, abdominal pressure _____, venous return to the heart ______, venous flow in the legs ______

Answer 60

downward, expands, decrease, increases, increases, decreases

Question 61

During expiration, the diaphragm moves _____, chest pressure ______, abdominal cavity pressure _____, venous return to the heart _____ and venous flow in the legs ______

Answer 61

upward, increases, decreases, decreases, increases

Question 62

Measured pressure is the sum of

Answer 62

hydrostatic pressure and circulatory pressure (bp)

Question 63

Normally what happens to venous flow in the legs during inspiration

Answer 63

venous flow in legs decreases

Question 64

What does not happen during expiration

Answer 64

abdominal pressure increase