Vascular Ch. 6 & 26

Question 1

Veins are capacitance vessels of the body, the venous system holds about _____ of total blood volume or _____

Answer 1

two-thirds, 60-65%

Question 2

What is the reference point in the body

Answer 2

right atrium

Question 3

Hydrostatic pressure=

Answer 3

p x g x h

Question 4

p= / g= / h=

Answer 4

blood density, acceleration due to gravity, height of column of blood

Question 5

Hydrostatic pressure is _____ in an ______ arm

Answer 5

reduced, uplifted

Question 6

Hydrostatic pressure is ______ than _____ in leg veins

Answer 6

greater, dynamic pressure

Question 7

When lying flat, hydrostatic pressure is

Answer 7

negligible

Question 8

Changes in vein shape are associated with

Answer 8

large increases in venous volume

Question 9

What helps reduce venous volume

Answer 9

compression stockings

Question 10

What do compression socks decrease

Answer 10

transluminal pressure, venous volume

Question 11

Standing increases capillary pressure, calf muscle pump _____ veins & _______ venous pressure

Answer 11

empties, decreases

Question 12

What can reduce intracapillary pressure and limit edema

Answer 12

compression stockings

Question 13

During inspiration (3)

Answer 13

diaphragm descends, IVC collapses, venous return from the legs is impeded

Question 14

During expiration (2)

Answer 14

intra-abdominal pressure decreases, flow increases to lower extremities

Question 15

During thrombosis, variations in abdominal pressure with respiration have ____ effect of ______ from legs

Answer 15

little effect, pressure gradient

Question 16

During thrombosis, normal phasic venous flow from _____ extremities may be _____

Answer 16

lower, reduced/absent

Question 17

During thrombosis, venous flow from legs becomes ______ as venous pressure in legs EXCEEDS _____

Answer 17

continuous, intra-abdominal venous pressures

Question 18

During exercise, calf muscle pump (3)

Answer 18

aids return of blood to heart against hydrostatic pressure / upon contraction, forces blood up to the heart / upon relaxation, blood drawn into calf veins/sinuses

Question 19

During exercise, valves are essential in

Answer 19

helping calf pump whether patient is sitting or standig

Question 20

What are primary varicose veins

Answer 20

varicose veins that develop in the absence of DVT

Question 21

Secondary varicose veins flow patterns are _____ & ____ flow in _______

Answer 21

completely disrupted, bidirectional, perforators

Question 22

With secondary varicose veins, _______venous pressure is noted ____ system

Answer 22

increased, throughout

Question 23

What happens as a result from venous stasis ulcers

Answer 23

tissue damage and ulceration

Question 24

With venous stasis ulcers, ______ oxygen transfer at the _____ level leads to ____

Answer 24

decreased, capillary, ischemia and ulceration

Question 25

Pregnancy _______ cause varicose veins, ____ and ______ can magnify predisposing factors

Answer 25

does not, increased venous pressure and distention

Question 26

During pregnancy, what causes the veins to be more compliant

Answer 26

humoral factors circulating (hormones)

Question 27

What impacts the diameter of the IVC

Answer 27

hydration

Question 28

Absence of ______ means blood from _____ is returned to the heart via the _____

Answer 28

intra-hepatic portion, lower extremity, azygous vein

Question 29

Applying pressure with the probe may allow better ______ and _______

Answer 29

visualizations of vessels, disperse bowel gas

Question 30

What can be used as a landmark for IVC confluence and is located where

Answer 30

inferior pole of right kidney, medial & inferior

Question 31

Normal IVC and iliac veins have

Answer 31

echogenic, muscular walls

Question 32

Grayscale image evaluated for

Answer 32

thrombosis, intraluminal tumors, extrinsic compression

Question 33

Echogenicity of thrombus ______ as it _______

Answer 33

increases, ages

Question 34

Acute thrombosis may be

Answer 34

anechoic and poorly detectable on gray scale

Question 35

Neoplastic obstruction intraluminal tumor usually arise from

Answer 35

hepatic or renal veins

Question 36

What is shown within a mass and what are apparent with neoplastic obstruction intraluminal tumor? Primarily seen only with ______

Answer 36

color flow with small vessels, intravascular tumors

Question 37

Neoplastic obstruction extrinsic mass is most likely

Answer 37

distention of IVC and iliac veins

Question 38

IVC interruption is typically placed

Answer 38

distal to the renal veins

Question 39

IVC interruption device used to protect patients from _____ and from lower extremity _____

Answer 39

pulmonary embolism, DVT

Question 40

IVC interruption device consists of ____ joined at one end & is what shape

Answer 40

thin metal struts, cone-shaped

Question 41

What may happen when strut perforates IVC wall

Answer 41

hematoma

Question 42

In caval fistulas, aortocaval you will see ____ and _____

Answer 42

tissue bruit, pulsatile flow central to the fistula

Question 43

What is noticed in IVC closer to the heart

Answer 43

increased pulsatility

Question 44

In the IVC, what may cause an increase in cardiac pulsatility

Answer 44

severe fluid overload

Question 45

What is the May- Thurner syndrome and generic name

Answer 45

when left CIV is compressed between overlying right CIA and underlying vertebral body, iliac vein compression syndrome

Question 46

For IVC filter procedure, what can move procedure to the bedside

Answer 46

ultrasound

Question 47

Duplex US does not require _____ or _____

Answer 47

exposure to radiation, intravenous contrast

Question 48

Delivery of catheter tip should be identified and advanced so tip is just

Answer 48

below level of right renal artery

Question 49

During procedure, transverse image should be obtained to

Answer 49

confirm filter is completely expanded

Question 50

What scan plane is used for IVC filter placement

Answer 50

transverse

Question 51

IVUS requires pressure to disperse bowel gas (INSIDE VESSEL) T/F

Answer 51

false

Question 52

Flow pattern near iliacs is

Answer 52

more phasic

Question 53

Fistula is hard to see on US. T/F

Answer 53

false

Question 54

What are the lateral tributary veins to IVC

Answer 54

renal veins

Question 55

Hydrostatic pressure of arms above head is

Answer 55

negative

Question 56

Hydrostatic pressure= (words)

Answer 56

density x acceleration x height

Question 57

Continuous flow lower extremity with no response to respiration is

Answer 57

thrombosis prox to thrombus

Question 58

Residual venous thrombosis may result in

Answer 58

superficial veins acting as a collateral pathway