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Vascular II & Physics II > Vascular Final > Flashcards

Vascular Final Flashcards

(95 cards)

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1
Q

What are the layers of the vessel

A

tunica intima, tunica media, tunica adventitia

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2
Q

3 branches of aortic arch and location

A

lt subclavian, lt common carotid, rt brachiocephalic

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3
Q

What vessel forms the DPA at the ankle

A

ATA

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4
Q

T/F. Low resistance vessels have continuous forward flow

A

false, antegrade/forward through entire cardiac cycle

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5
Q

What is Reynold’s number used to measure

A

turbulent flow

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6
Q

What chamber of the heart is used in reference to hydrostatic pressure

A

right atrium

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7
Q

What shape is the vessel with low transluminal pressure

A

eliptical/dumbbell

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8
Q

During thrombosis, what is the flow when leg pressure exceeds intra-abdominal pressure

A

continuous signal

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9
Q

What is the pressure when arms are raised above the head

A

negative/reduced pressure

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10
Q

MHz and probe for carotid

A

linear, 7-4 MHz

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11
Q

What is temporal tap used for and where is the tap performed

A

ECA, superficial temporal artery anterior to the ear

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12
Q

What is the time for RIND (reversible ischemia neurological deficit

A

24-72 hours

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13
Q

What does reverberation of IJV look like on 2D carotid exam

A

mobile white line echo

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14
Q

How would you evaluate for string flow (occlusion/little flow)

A

power doppler for distal flow

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15
Q

For string flow, what would you do for scale? Doppler gain?

A

decrease, increase

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16
Q

What part of a tortuous vessel should not be sampled

A

curves

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17
Q

Where is carotid body found? What’s the size?

A

bifurcation at adventitia, 1-1.5mm

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18
Q

What causes a PSA (pseudo aneurysm)

A

penetrating trauma, itragenic injury, surgery, illness

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19
Q

What is the color pattern with PSA

A

red & blue (yin yang) turbulent flow

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20
Q

What causes onset of blindness in an older patient

A

temporal arteritis/giant cell

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21
Q

How does a surgical patch prevent stenosis

A

it opens the vessel

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22
Q

In a vessel with a stent, what is the velocity and why

A

increased, reduced arterial compliance

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23
Q

What artery is formed by the 2 vertebrals

A

basilar

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24
Q

What do you do to the power for transorbital exam and why

A

decrease to limit exposure to the eye

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25
What are HITS
microembolic signals
26
What are signs of peripheral arterial disease
intermittent claudication, discolored skin, thickening toenails, gangrene
27
What happens to blood pressure when cuff is too narrow
falsely elevated
28
How do you calculate ABI
ankle systolic pressure divided by highest brachial systolic pressures
29
What flow should be occluded with plethsmography exam
venous is restricted, not arterial
30
What is the flow for normal plethymography (digit)
rapid upstroke with well defined peak, dicrotic notch, bends toward baseline through diastole
31
How much do you inflate a cuff
20mmHg above point where signal disappears
32
What artery doesn't compress
peroneals
33
Would a long plane ride affect veins or arteries
veins
34
Color pattern for raynauds disease
white to blue to red
35
What does Beurgers disease affect
small vessels of the hands and feet
36
What vessels are used for bypass
GSV, SSV, cephalic v
37
After bypass, what symptoms would we look for
swelling, redness, warmth, drainage, fever, pain/numbness
38
Procedures to open vessels back up
percutaneous transluminal angioplasty
39
Most common vascular procedure
percutaneous transluminal angioplasty
40
Most common reason for in stent restenosis
intimal hyperplasia
41
How to calculate VR (velocity ration) for stenosis
PSV at stenosis divided by PSV prox to stenosis
42
Would thrombus/occlusion show on an exam after intervention
yes, re-intervention within 1st year
43
What are endovascular treatments
procedured to open vessels back up (PTA)
44
If a patient had peripheral vascular disease and they came in for ABI, what should ABI do
increase greater than >0.15
45
Thromboangitis obliterans affects which vessels and leads to what
small and medium, ischemic digits
46
Define pseudoaneurysm
Perforation in arterial wall allowing blood to extravascate into surrounding tissue, pulsating encapsulated hematoma
47
Is a palpable thrill assosciated with an AV fistula
yes
48
Can you determine actual age of clot
no, just an estimate
49
Is SSV deep or superficial
superficial
50
What type of vessel is the ATV and where is it located
deep vein, calf
51
Do superficial veins help with temperature regulation
yes
52
Where is clot more at risk
deep/larger veins, risk of pulmonary embolism
53
Common flow of venous system
spontaneous, phasic, pulsatile near heart
54
Are normal veins pulsatile
yes, near the heart
55
What is the main cause for clot in upper extremity
injury to vessel wall
56
What does the cephalic terminate into
axillary
57
Differences of veins from arteries
thin/smooth walls, respiratory phasicity, compressible, anechoic
58
Does hyrdrostatic pressure affect the subclavian vein
yes, when supine, it removes the impact of hydrostatic pressure which tends to collapse veins
59
How do we treat veins with clot
anticoagulants, thrombolytic therapy
60
Which upper extremity veins show pulsatile flow
IJV, subclavian, brachiocephalic
61
Brachial + basilic=
axillary
62
Is a normal GSV pulsatile
no
63
What is the flow in the GSV with clot
continuous
64
Varicosities are
tortuous, dilated, superficial
65
What is the saphenofemoral junction
CFV and GSV
66
venous valves
bicuspid, go in direction of flow
67
How is superficial venous disease treated
stripping/ligation, endovenous thermal ablation, chemical ablation (sclerotherapy), phlebectomy (microincision)
68
Flow in incompetent valves
retrograde
69
Fibrous strands are seen with
chronic venous obstruction
70
What is the most common risk with aortic endovascular repair (EVAR)
PSA, hematoma, stenosis
71
What is an endoleak
flow present within aneurysm sac after intervention (4 types)
72
What does clot look like in 2D
calcifications, rigid
73
Where do you scan aorta/renal arteries for an aneurysm
infrarenal (distal aorta)
74
When measuring the aorta, how should the transducer lay in relation to the aorta
perpendicular
75
Color flow imaging is helpful in what ways
presence/absence of flow, direction, patency
76
How do saccular aneurysms appear sonographically and which vessel layers are involved
asymmetric outpouching dilations, all 3 layers
77
Where does FMD occur in relation to renal arteries
mid-to-distal segment
78
What are the signs for renal artery stenosis
renal insufficiency, chronic hypertension, hypertensive children, azotemia
79
When measuring the kidneys what size difference indicates a discrepancy and what does this indicate
>3cm, compromised flow in smaller kidney
80
FMD sonographic appearance
string of beads
81
What would happen to flow in stented renal artery and why
increase, reduction in arterial compliance
82
Normal characteristics of IVC
thin, smooth, phasic, dilates, echogenic/muscular walls
83
Where do IVC/iliac vein tumors arise from
hepatic/renal veins
84
IVC filter for clot is most likely to be placed
distal to renal veins, right renal vein/IVC
85
Dialysis access grafts are placed where. Why
distal, preserve proximal portion for future use
86
Earliest exam for contrast and what kind of contrast
echocardiography, agitated saline
87
What vessels should be calculated for ABI
bilateral brachial, PTA, DPA
88
Normal spectral waveform in an upper extremity artery
triphasic, sharp systolic peak, brief period of diastolic flow reversal, minimal continued forward flow in diastole
89
Landmark to distinguish the axillary vein from subclavian vein
cephalic vein because it terminates into subclavian after it passes under the clavicle
90
What does egyptian eye refer to
GSV in saphenous compartment
91
Characteristics of flow-reducing renal artery stenosis
PSV increases above 180 cm/sec, post stenotic turbulence, dampened distal waveforms
92
Lateral tributaries of the IVC
renal veins
93
Normal venous doppler patterns of the IVC
phasic distal, pulsatile more proximal
94
Harmonic frequency definition
creation of an image from sound reflections at twice the frequency of the transmitted sound
95
Harmonic signal-to-noise ratio
increases signal-to-noise ratio

Vascular II & Physics II (21 decks)

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