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Psych, Chem, Hist, Swa, Phy > Physics general > Flashcards

Physics general Flashcards

(71 cards)

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1
Q

speed

A

distance travelled by a moving object per unit time
rate of change of distance
scalar, s.i units are m/s

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2
Q

velocity

A

speed in a specific direction
vector
s.i units are m/s

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3
Q

distance covered in a speed-time graph

A

area under the graph
1/2xbasexheight

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4
Q

distance speed time

A

speed=distance/time
distance=speedxtime
time=distance/speed

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5
Q

terminal velocity

A

max velocity an object attains when moving through fluids

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6
Q

mass

A

quantity of matter in an object/substance
measured in kg
use a balance beam
=massxgravitational field strenght

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7
Q

weight

A

gravitational pull on an object
measured in newtow
use newton-meter

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8
Q

force

A

change shape/size of an object
set a resting body into motion
change the direction of a moving object
increase/decrease the speed of a moving object
can cause a body to wear out

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9
Q

elastic behaviour

A

where an object can undergo stretching and regain its original shape and size when the force is withdrawn

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10
Q

plastic behaviour

A

When an object doesn’t regain its shape and size after undergoing stretching/reformation

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11
Q

spring constant

A

k=f/x
=force/extension

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12
Q

gradient

A

=change in length/change in force

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13
Q

spring constant

A

1/gradient

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14
Q

pressure

A

the force acting normally or perpendicularly per unit area
force/area
the greater the area over which a force acts, the less the pressure
P∝F

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15
Q

liquid pressure

A

pressure in liquid increases with depth because the further down you go, the greater the weight of liquid above you

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16
Q

momentum

A

quantity of motion possessed by a moving body
s.i unit is kgm/s
=massxvelocity

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17
Q

mass velocity momentum

A

momentum=massxvelocity
mass=momentum/velocity
velocity=momentum/mass

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18
Q

impulse

A

change in momentum
=m(v-u) or forcextime (ft)

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19
Q

newtons 2nd law of motion

A

the rate of change of momentum is directly proportional to the external force that caused it
force∝change in momentum

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20
Q

newtons 1st law of motion

A

an object moving in its state of rest or motion in straight line unless it is compelled to change by an external force

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21
Q

newtons 3rd law of motion

A

for every action there’s an equal and opposite reaction

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22
Q

collision

A

elastic and inelastic

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23
Q

inelastic collision

A

where 2 cars collide and fuse/join together and travel at a common velocity

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24
Q

properties of inelastic collisions

A

momentum is conserved
kinetic energy isnt conserved

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25
factors affecting stability
base area position of c.o.g
26
stability of an object
stable unstable neutral
27
energy
the ability to do work s.i unit is joules
28
energy resources
renewable non-renewable
29
renewable energy
energy that can be used repetitively without exhaustion e.g solar, wing, hydroelectric, geo-thermal etc.
30
characteristics of energy
invisible occupies no space has no mass/physical properties can be stored or transformed
31
mechanical (energy) transformation
force acting on a body, causing it to move
32
electric currents
electricity can be transferred from the power source delivering it to the electrical components
33
heating
energy can be transferred from place to place through conduction, convection and radiation
34
waves
light and sound are forms of energy which are transferred from place to place
35
energy stores
where energy is stored/can be found
36
G.P.E
energy possessed by a body which is raised above the ground =massxgravitatonal acceleration
37
work
=forcexdistance
38
power
=work done per unit time =forcexspeed s.i unit is either joules per second (J/S) or newton-metre per second (Nm/S)
39
power 1
work=powerxtime power=work/time time=work/power
40
power 2
power=forcexvelocity velocity=power/force force=power/velocity
41
efficiency
how well the enrgy/power supplied to a system is being used =work output/work input x 100 = power output/power input x 100
42
solids
particles closely packed usually in a regular pattern large no. of particles per unit vol. particles vibrate in a fixed position
43
liquids
particles slightly further apart randomly arrange smaller no. of particles per unit vol. particles are free to move within
44
gases
particles are far apart randomly arranged small no. of particles per unit vol. particles move randomly at high speeds
45
brownian motion
the motion of small particles suspended in a liqued or gas, caused by molecular bombardment It refers to the random movement of microscopic particles in a fluid due to collisions with the fluid's molecules
46
kinetic model
liquids take the shape of their container because their particles are free to move about within gases fill the contained because their particles move about with complete freedom solids keep their shape because the particles are packed tightly together
47
wave
mode of transfer of energy in which there is no net transfer of matter transverse and longitudinal
48
transverse waves
vibrations are perpendicular to the wave travel the wave profile consists of peaks (crests) and troughs
49
longitudinal waves
vibrations are parallel to the wave travel The wave profile consists of compressions and rarefactions
50
amplitude
maximum displacement from the rest position
51
frequency
number of complete vibrations made per unit time s.i unit is hz
52
time period
time take for one complete vibration/oscillation =1/f s.i unit is seconds,s
53
wavefront
an imaginary line drawn to connect points vibrating in phase
54
reflection
the bouncing off a surface when a wave is incident on the surface the angle of incidence and angle of reflection are equal incident and reflected waves have the same wavelength and frequency
55
refraction
change of speed and wavelength when a wave goes through a change of medium
56
audible human hearing range
20hz-20,000hz
57
temperature
the degree of hotness or coldness of a substance measured in °C celsius & kelvin scales
58
celcius scale-lower fixed point
temperature of melting ice at standard atm. pressure of /atm or 100,000 N/m²
59
celcuis scale-upper fixed point
the temperature of boiling water at 100°C at standard atm. pressure of 100,000NM or 100,000 pa
60
kelvin scale
the lowest temp. possible is 0K or -273°C this is the temperature at which matter ceases to exist there are no negative values of temperature
61
boyle's law
Pressure and volume in gases are inversely proportional p∝1/v
62
Charles's law
volume and temp. are directly proportional in gases v∝t
63
avogadro's law
equal volumes of gases at the same temp. and pressure contains the same number of molecules v1/n1=v2/n2
64
combination of both boyle's and charles' law
p1 v1/t1=p2 v2/t2
65
diffraction of waves
when a wave goes through a gap/pushes over an obstacle
66
sound
the vibration of particles through a medium
67
electromagnetic waves
waves produced by oscillating electric and magnetic fields at right angles to each other
68
properties of waves
e.m waves are transverse consist of electric and magnetic field propagate without the need of a medium all transfer energy and momentum all over v=Fa
69
critical angle
angle of incidence in the denser material when the angle of refraction is 90°
70
application of total internal reflection
optical fibre (comms, endoscopes, decorative lamps etc)
71
uses of prisms
periscopes binoculars telescopes cameras

Psych, Chem, Hist, Swa, Phy (9 decks)

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