Physics States Of Matter Flashcards
(251 cards)
1
Q
What is matter?
A
Anything that has mass and occupies space is called matter.
2
Q
How many physical states of matter exist?
A
Three: Solid, Liquid, and Gas.
3
Q
What happens when the temperature of a solid is increased?
A
It is converted into a liquid.
4
Q
What happens when the temperature of a liquid is increased?
A
It is converted into a gaseous state.
5
Q
What is the gaseous state of matter characterized (properties) by?
A
The molecules are far apart with weak intermolecular forces, and particles move freely in all directions.
6
Q
What are the typical properties of gases?
A
Indefinite volume, indefinite shape, and diffusion.
7
Q
What is diffusion?
A
Diffusion is the movement of molecules from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration.
8
Q
What happens when a gas with a characteristic odor is released in a room?
A
The smell will soon spread throughout the room.
9
Q
What did Thomas Graham discover in 1833?
A
Lighter gases diffuse much faster than heavier gases.
10
Q
What is an example of diffusion in everyday life?
A
The spreading of perfume’s fragrance in a room or the evaporation of a volatile liquid.
11
Q
Which of the following is a characteristic property of gases? \n(a) Definite volume \n(b) Definite shape \n(c) Indefinite shape \n(d) Definite density
A
(c) Indefinite shape
12
Q
What happens when molecules become evenly distributed throughout a medium?
A
There will be no net diffusion in any particular direction.
13
Q
What is the state of matter in which molecules are free to move in all directions?
A
Gas
14
Q
What is the property of gases related to their ability to spread out and mix with other gases?
A
Diffusion
15
Q
Which of the following is true about gases? \n(a) They have a definite shape \n(b) They do not take the shape of their container \n(c) They occupy the whole volume of their container \n(d) They cannot diffuse
A
(c) They occupy the whole volume of their container
16
Q
What is effusion?
A
Effusion is the escape of gas molecules through a small hole without collision, one molecule at a time.
17
Q
Which of the following is an example of effusion?
A
Smelling onions even when the bag is tightly sealed.
18
Q
What happens during effusion?
A
Gas molecules pass through a hole of molecular size, one molecule at a time.
19
Q
Why does a gas-filled balloon float up in the room and come down after a day or two?
A
This happens due to the effusion of the gas molecules, which causes the balloon to lose gas over time.
20
Q
What is pressure in terms of gas molecules?
A
Pressure is the force exerted by gas molecules on the walls of the container per unit area.
21
Q
What is the SI unit of pressure?
A
The SI unit of pressure is Pascal (Pa), but it is commonly expressed in kilopascal (kPa).
22
Q
What is the formula to calculate pressure?
A
Pressure (P) = Force (F) / Area (A).
23
Q
What is 1 atmosphere pressure equal to?
A
1 atmosphere = 760 mm of Hg or 101.325 kPa.
24
Q
What is compressibility?
A
Compressibility is the change in volume of a gas per unit change in pressure.
25
Why are gases highly compressible?
Gases have large empty spaces between molecules, which allows them to be compressed when pressure is applied.
26
What does the continuous motion of gas molecules cause?
It allows gases to flow and be transported through pipes over long distances.
27
What is density?
Density is the mass per unit volume of a substance.
28
How is density mathematically defined?
Density = Mass / Volume.
29
At 0°C, what is the atmospheric pressure in mm of Hg and torr?
Atmospheric pressure at 0°C is 760 mm of Hg or 760 torr.
30
How does pressure affect the volume of gases?
When pressure is applied, the volume of the gas decreases due to the closer proximity of gas molecules.
31
What is the standard unit for measuring force in pressure?
Newton (N) is the standard unit of force.
32
How does the density of gases compare to other states of matter?
Gases have lower density compared to solids and liquids due to the large spaces between molecules.
33
What is the relationship between the volume and pressure of a gas at constant temperature according to Boyle's Law?
The volume of a given mass of gas is inversely proportional to the pressure applied, provided the temperature remains constant.
34
What does Boyle's Law state about volume and pressure?
As the pressure on a gas increases, its volume decreases, and vice versa, at constant temperature.
35
What is the mathematical representation of Boyle's Law?
PV = K, where K is the constant for Boyle's law.
36
What is Boyle's Law for a gas when the volume changes from V₁ to V₂ and pressure changes from P₁ to P₂?
P₁V₁ = P₂V₂ = K (at constant temperature).
37
What does Boyle's Law state about the product of pressure and volume for a given mass of gas?
The product of pressure and volume remains constant, provided the temperature is constant.
38
How is Boyle's Law experimentally verified?
By changing the volume of a gas by increasing and decreasing the pressure, while keeping the temperature constant, and observing that the product of pressure and volume remains constant.
39
What is the main reason gases expand to fill the container, according to scientists?
Gas molecules are free to move, with no attractive or repulsive forces between them, so the gas expands to fill the container evenly.
40
At 0°C and 1 atmospheric pressure, what is the density of gaseous oxygen?
0.00142 g/cm³.
41
What is the density of liquid oxygen at -103°C and 1 atmospheric pressure?
1.149 g/cm³.
42
What is the density of solid oxygen at -252°C?
1.42 g/cm³.
43
Why is the density of gases lower than liquids and solids?
Gases have large empty spaces between molecules, which allows them to have lower density compared to liquids and solids.
44
Which law governs the behavior of gases regarding pressure, volume, temperature, and molar amount?
The behavior of gases is governed by laws such as Boyle's Law, Charles's Law, and Avogadro's Law.
45
How does the density of a gas compare to the density of a liquid or solid?
Gases have a much lower density compared to liquids and solids due to the large intermolecular spaces.
46
What does the graph of Boyle's Law show when pressure and volume are plotted?
The graph shows a curve that demonstrates that volume is inversely proportional to pressure.
47
How does the volume of a gas change when the pressure decreases according to Boyle's Law?
When the pressure decreases, the volume increases.
48
Using Boyle's Law, what is the volume of hydrogen gas at 400 mm of Hg if the initial pressure was 800 mm of Hg and the initial volume was 530 dm³?
The volume will be 1060 dm³.
49
What does Charles's Law describe about the relationship between volume and temperature?
Charles's Law states that the volume of a given mass of gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature at constant pressure.
50
What is the relationship between volume and temperature according to Charles's Law?
At constant pressure, the volume of a gas increases with an increase in temperature and decreases with a decrease in temperature.
51
How can Boyle's Law be applied to calculate the change in volume of a gas when pressure changes?
Boyle's Law can be applied by using the equation P₁V₁ = P₂V₂, where the pressure and volume of the gas change while keeping the temperature constant.
52
How can Charles's Law be applied to calculate the change in volume when the temperature of a gas changes?
Charles's Law can be applied using the equation V₁/T₁ = V₂/T₂, where V is volume and T is temperature, assuming pressure remains constant.
53
What is the formula used in Boyle's Law?
The formula for Boyle's Law is P₁V₁ = P₂V₂, where P is pressure and V is volume.
54
If the volume of a gas is initially 70.4 cm³ at 1.20 atm and the pressure is changed to 3 atm, what is the new volume?
The new volume is calculated using Boyle's Law as V₂ = (P₁V₁)/P₂.
55
According to Boyle's Law, how does the volume of a gas behave when pressure increases?
As pressure increases, the volume decreases, provided temperature remains constant.
56
Which of the following is the SI unit of pressure?
Pascal
57
What is the molarity of a solution?
Moles per liter
58
Who is the scientist behind Boyle's Law?
Robert Boyle
59
Which state of matter is characterized by particles in constant motion with weak intermolecular forces?
Gas
60
What is the definition of effusion?
The movement of gas through a small hole
61
Boyle's Law describes the relationship between which two variables?
Volume and pressure
62
Which of the following is true about gases?
They occupy all available space
63
What does Charles' Law state about gas behavior?
Volume is directly proportional to temperature
64
Which gas law can be represented by the equation PV = K?
Boyle's Law
65
What happens to the volume of a gas when the temperature increases at constant pressure?
It increases
66
Which of the following states is characterized by particles that are tightly packed and have a definite shape?
Solid
67
What does Charles's Law describe?
Charles's Law describes the relationship between the volume and temperature of a gas at constant pressure.
68
What is the mathematical expression for Charles's Law?
V = K × T, where V is volume, T is temperature (in Kelvin), and K is a constant.
69
What does the constant K represent in Charles's Law?
K is the constant of proportionality in Charles's Law.
70
How is the relationship between initial and final volume and temperature expressed in Charles's Law?
(V₁ / T₁) = (V₂ / T₂), where V₁ and V₂ are initial and final volumes, and T₁ and T₂ are initial and final temperatures.
71
What happens to the volume of a gas when the temperature increases at constant pressure?
The volume increases when the temperature increases at constant pressure.
72
What does absolute temperature mean?
Absolute temperature refers to the temperature on the Kelvin scale, which is 273 units greater than the Celsius scale.
73
How can Charles's Law be verified experimentally?
Charles's Law can be verified by heating a gas in a cylinder with a piston, observing the increase in volume as the temperature rises while keeping pressure constant.
74
What is the relationship between volume and temperature according to Charles's Law?
Volume is directly proportional to the absolute temperature of a gas at constant pressure.
75
What happens to the gas when heated in a cylinder with a piston at constant pressure?
The gas expands, and the piston moves upward, increasing the volume of the gas.
76
What scale is used for absolute temperature?
The Kelvin scale is used for absolute temperature.
77
What does Charles's Law state?
Charles's Law states that the volume of a given mass of gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature at constant pressure.
78
How can Charles's Law be represented diagrammatically?
Charles's Law can be diagrammatically represented as a graph where volume increases as temperature increases, at constant pressure.
79
What is the formula for Charles's Law?
V₁ / T₁ = V₂ / T₂, where V is volume and T is temperature in Kelvin.
80
Example problem for Charles's Law: What is the volume of gas at a higher temperature if 3 dm³ of air is heated from 300 K to 400 K?
Using Charles's Law: V₂ = (V₁ × T₂) / T₁. V₂ = (3 dm³ × 400 K) / 300 K = 4 dm³.
81
What apparatus is used in Activity 5.2 to demonstrate Charles's Law?
The apparatus includes a glass bottle/flask, a balloon, and a hot plate.
82
What happens when a balloon is heated in the demonstration of Charles's Law?
As the air inside the balloon is heated, the volume increases, causing the balloon to expand.
83
What is the relationship between temperature and volume in a gas, according to Charles's Law?
The volume of a gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature at constant pressure.
84
What is the liquid state of matter?
The liquid state is a state of matter where intermolecular forces of attraction are stronger than in the gaseous state but not strong enough to stop molecular motion.
85
What are the typical properties of liquids?
Liquids have a definite volume but no definite shape. They take the shape of the container in which they are placed.
86
What is the difference between the molecular motion in gases and liquids?
In liquids, molecules move randomly but are held together by intermolecular forces, unlike in gases where molecules move freely and independently.
87
What is evaporation?
Evaporation is the conversion of a liquid into a gaseous state, which happens when molecules with higher kinetic energy overcome intermolecular forces and escape into the atmosphere.
88
At what temperatures does evaporation take place?
Evaporation takes place at all temperatures.
89
What is the effect of evaporation on temperature?
Evaporation causes cooling because the molecules with higher kinetic energy leave the liquid, reducing the temperature of the remaining liquid.
90
How does surface area affect the rate of evaporation?
A larger surface area increases the rate of evaporation.
91
What effect does temperature have on evaporation?
An increase in temperature raises the average kinetic energy of the liquid, which increases the rate of evaporation.
92
How do intermolecular forces affect the rate of evaporation?
Stronger intermolecular forces decrease the rate of evaporation, and weaker intermolecular forces increase it.
93
Why does alcohol evaporate more quickly than water?
Alcohol has weaker intermolecular forces than water, which is why it evaporates more quickly.
94
What is vapor pressure?
Vapor pressure is the pressure exerted by the vapors of a liquid when the rate of evaporation equals the rate of condensation.
95
How does vapor pressure reach equilibrium?
When the rate of evaporation becomes equal to the rate of condensation, vapor pressure reaches equilibrium.
96
What happens to vapor molecules during evaporation?
Vapor molecules with higher kinetic energy escape the liquid and become vapor, while some vapor molecules condense back into the liquid, leading to an equilibrium state.
97
How is condensation related to evaporation?
Condensation occurs when vapor molecules lose their energy and return to the liquid state. It balances the process of evaporation.
98
How can vapor pressure be defined?
Vapor pressure is the pressure exerted by the vapors of a liquid when the rate of evaporation equals the rate of condensation, resulting in an equilibrium state.
99
Does vapor pressure depend on the surface area of the liquid?
No, vapor pressure does not depend on the surface area of the liquid. It depends on other factors such as the nature of the liquid, intermolecular forces, size of molecules, and temperature.
100
How does the nature of the liquid affect vapor pressure?
Polar liquids with high boiling points exert lower vapor pressure at a given temperature compared to non-polar liquids with low boiling points, which exert higher vapor pressure.
101
Why does water have a lower vapor pressure than acetone?
Water has stronger intermolecular forces than acetone, which results in a lower vapor pressure at the same temperature.
102
How do intermolecular forces affect vapor pressure?
Stronger intermolecular forces in a liquid result in a lower tendency to evaporate, and therefore, a lower vapor pressure at a given temperature.
103
Why does ethyl alcohol have a higher vapor pressure than water?
Ethyl alcohol has weaker intermolecular forces compared to water, allowing it to evaporate more easily and exert a higher vapor pressure at the same temperature.
104
How does the size of molecules affect vapor pressure?
Liquids with smaller molecules evaporate more easily and exert higher vapor pressure than liquids with larger molecules, as smaller molecules require less energy to escape the liquid state.
105
How does temperature affect vapor pressure?
An increase in temperature increases the kinetic energy of liquid molecules, which reduces intermolecular forces and increases the rate of evaporation, thereby raising vapor pressure.
106
How is boiling point related to vapor pressure?
The boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which its vapor pressure becomes equal to the atmospheric pressure. At this point, the liquid begins to boil.
107
What factors affect the boiling point of a liquid?
The boiling point is influenced by the nature of the liquid (intermolecular forces), vapor pressure, and the atmospheric pressure.
108
Why do polar liquids have a higher boiling point than non-polar liquids?
Polar liquids have stronger intermolecular forces, which require more energy to overcome, resulting in a higher boiling point compared to non-polar liquids.
109
What happens to the temperature during boiling?
The temperature remains constant during boiling because the heat provided is used to overcome the intermolecular forces, not to increase the temperature.
110
How is boiling point represented in relation to vapor pressure?
Boiling point is reached when the vapor pressure of a liquid equals the atmospheric pressure, causing the liquid to transition to the gas phase.
111
At what temperature does water boil under normal atmospheric pressure?
Water boils at 100°C under normal atmospheric pressure (1 atm).
112
Why does pentane vaporize more quickly than decane?
Pentane has smaller molecules than decane, which allows it to evaporate more rapidly and exert a higher vapor pressure at the same temperature."Question
113
How does external pressure affect the boiling point of a liquid?
With an increase in external pressure, the boiling point of the liquid increases. Similarly, a decrease in external pressure causes the boiling point to decrease.
114
True or False: Water boils at a higher temperature at high altitudes due to higher atmospheric pressure.
False
115
What happens when water is heated at high altitudes?
Water boils at a lower temperature because the atmospheric pressure is lower.
116
What is the principle behind the vacuum distillation process?
Vacuum distillation works on the principle that decreasing external pressure lowers the boiling point of a liquid.
117
True or False: The boiling point of water increases as atmospheric pressure decreases.
False
118
Fill in the blank: The temperature at which a liquid's vapor pressure becomes equal to the atmospheric pressure is called the __________.
boiling point
119
How does a pressure cooker work?
A pressure cooker increases the pressure inside, raising the boiling point of water, which allows food to cook faster at higher temperatures.
120
What is the freezing point of a liquid?
The freezing point is the temperature at which a liquid and its solid state coexist in equilibrium.
121
True or False: The freezing point of a liquid is the same as its melting point.
True
122
Fill in the blank: As a liquid is cooled, its __________ energy decreases, causing a decrease in vapor pressure.
kinetic
123
What was Galileo's theory regarding suction pumps?
Galileo argued that suction pumps could draw water from wells due to the force of vacuum pressure inside the pump.
124
Who invented the barometer and what did it measure?
E. Torricelli invented the barometer in 1646 to measure atmospheric pressure.
125
Multiple Choice: Which of the following factors does NOT affect the vapor pressure of a liquid? A) Temperature B) Intermolecular forces C) External pressure D) Molecular size
C) External pressure
126
True or False: Vapor pressure is higher in liquids with weaker intermolecular forces.
True
127
What is diffusion in liquids?
Diffusion in liquids occurs when molecules move from higher concentration to lower concentration, leading to a homogeneous mixture.
128
Multiple Choice: What happens when ink is dropped into water? A) The ink evaporates immediately. B) The ink spreads throughout the water. C) The ink stays at the bottom. D) The ink sinks to the container's edges.
B) The ink spreads throughout the water.
129
Fill in the blank: Molecules in a liquid move from an area of __________ concentration to an area of __________ concentration during diffusion.
higher, lower
130
Fill in the blank: The freezing and boiling points of water are __________ and __________ at standard pressure, respectively.
0°C, 100°C
131
Multiple Choice: Which of the following liquids has the lowest freezing point? A) Water B) Ethanol C) Acetic Acid D) Benzene
D) Benzene
132
True or False: Diffusion is slower in liquids with smaller molecules.
False
133
True or False: Diffusion in liquids is faster than in gases.
False
134
Multiple Choice: Which of the following factors increases the rate of diffusion in liquids? A) Decreasing temperature B) Increasing temperature C) Decreasing molecular size D) Increasing pressure
B) Increasing temperature
135
Fill in the blank: The rate of diffusion in liquids increases as the __________ of the liquid molecules increases.
kinetic energy
136
Multiple Choice: What does the kinetic theory of matter state about liquid molecules? A) Liquid molecules are at rest. B) Liquid molecules are in constant motion. C) Liquid molecules only vibrate. D) Liquid molecules do not move.
B) Liquid molecules are in constant motion.
137
True or False: When the kinetic energy of liquid molecules increases, their mobility (fluidity) decreases.
False
138
Fill in the blank: Liquids have a higher __________ than gases because their molecules are more closely packed.
density
139
Multiple Choice: Which of the following has the highest density? A) Water B) Olive oil C) Castor oil D) Ethyl Alcohol
A) Water
140
True or False: Liquids have a definite shape but no definite volume.
False
141
Fill in the blank: Density is the measure of mass per unit __________.
volume
142
True or False: Liquids cannot expand and have a fixed volume due to strong intermolecular forces.
True
143
Multiple Choice: What happens when solid particles gain enough kinetic energy? A) They stop vibrating. B) They start moving freely. C) They turn into gas. D) They break into smaller particles.
B) They start moving freely.
144
Fill in the blank: The temperature at which a solid turns into a liquid is called the __________.
melting point
145
True or False: The melting point of a solid is always constant, even under different conditions.
False
146
Multiple Choice: What property of solids allows them to maintain a definite shape? A) Low temperature B) High pressure C) Strong intermolecular forces D) Low energy
C) Strong intermolecular forces
147
Fill in the blank: The particles in solids are __________ and closely packed in a fixed pattern.
fixed
148
Multiple Choice: Which of the following factors affects the melting point of a solid? A) Strength of intermolecular forces B) Temperature C) Volume of the solid D) Density of the solid
A) Strength of intermolecular forces
149
True or False: The rigidity of solids makes them resistant to deformation.
True
150
Multiple Choice: Which liquid has the lowest density at 20°C? A) Water B) Olive oil C) Castor oil D) Acetone
D) Acetone
151
Fill in the blank: When a solid is heated, the kinetic energy of its particles increases and causes the solid to __________.
melt
152
True or False: Solids have a higher density than liquids and gases because their particles are closely packed and have no empty spaces between them.
True
153
Multiple Choice: Which of the following states of matter has the highest density? A) Solids B) Liquids C) Gases D) All have equal density
A) Solids
154
Fill in the blank: The mass per unit volume of a solid is greater than that of __________ and __________.
liquids, gases
155
Multiple Choice: Which of the following properties of solids are most rigid? A) Mass B) Shape C) Volume D) Rigidity
D) Rigidity
156
True or False: Solids can flow like liquids and gases.
False
157
Fill in the blank: The particles in solids are __________ packed, which is why they have higher densities than liquids and gases.
closely
158
Multiple Choice: Which of the following states of matter has the least compressibility? A) Solids B) Liquids C) Gases D) None of the above
A) Solids
159
True or False: Liquids have a definite volume but can change shape to acquire the shape of their container.
True
160
Multiple Choice: Which state of matter has the fastest diffusion rate? A) Solids B) Liquids C) Gases D) All have the same rate
C) Gases
161
Fill in the blank: The intermolecular forces in solids are __________ than in liquids and gases.
strongest
162
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is an example of an amorphous solid? A) Glass B) Salt C) Diamond D) Ice
A) Glass
163
True or False: Amorphous solids have a sharp melting point.
False
164
Fill in the blank: Amorphous solids melt over a __________ of temperature.
range
165
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT an example of an amorphous solid? A) Wax B) Rubber C) Butter D) Salt
D) Salt
166
True or False: Crystalline solids have an ordered arrangement of particles in three dimensions.
True
167
Fill in the blank: Amorphous solids lack __________ arrangement of their particles.
ordered
168
Multiple Choice: What is the primary difference between amorphous and crystalline solids? A) Crystalline solids melt over a range of temperatures. B) Amorphous solids have an ordered arrangement of particles. C) Crystalline solids have sharp melting points. D) Amorphous solids have no definite shape.
C) Crystalline solids have sharp melting points.
169
Fill in the blank: Amorphous solids do not have a __________ melting point.
sharp"Question
170
Multiple Choice: What is a defining characteristic of crystalline solids? A) They have random particle arrangement B) They have regular three-dimensional particle arrangement C) They do not have sharp melting points D) They do not have faces
B) They have regular three-dimensional particle arrangement
171
True or False: Crystalline solids have indefinite surfaces and angles between faces.
False
172
Fill in the blank: Crystalline solids have __________ melting points due to their regular arrangement of particles.
sharp
173
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is an example of a crystalline solid? A) Plastic B) Glass C) Sodium chloride D) Rubber
C) Sodium chloride
174
True or False: In crystalline solids, each face has a definite angle with other faces.
True
175
Definition: What is allotropy?
The existence of an element in more than one crystalline form.
176
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is an example of allotropy? A) Sodium chloride B) Oxygen (O2) and Ozone (O3) C) Water D) All of the above
B) Oxygen (O2) and Ozone (O3)
177
Fill in the blank: Allotropes of an element always show different __________ properties but have the same __________ properties.
physical, chemical
178
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is an example of allotropy of carbon? A) Diamond and Graphite B) Glass and Rubber C) Oxygen and Nitrogen D) Sulfur and Oxygen
A) Diamond and Graphite
179
True or False: The transition temperature is the temperature at which two allotropic forms of an element coexist in equilibrium.
True
180
Fill in the blank: The transition temperature is the temperature at which one allotrope changes into another allotropic form, and both forms coexist in __________.
equilibrium
181
Multiple Choice: At what temperature does the orthorhombic form of sulfur exist in equilibrium with the monoclinic form? A) 50°C B) 95.5°C C) 100°C D) 200°C
B) 95.5°C
182
Definition: What is the transition temperature?
The temperature at which one allotrope changes into another allotropic form and both forms coexist in equilibrium.
183
True or False: Allotropes of an element can show different physical properties but always share the same chemical properties.
True
184
Fill in the blank: Allotropes of sulfur include the monoclinic form and __________ form.
orthorhombic
185
Multiple Choice: Which of the following elements shows allotropy? A) Sulfur B) Nitrogen C) Hydrogen D) All of the above
A) Sulfur
186
True or False: The molecular arrangement in allotropes of an element can be the same.
False
187
Definition: What is the difference between crystalline and amorphous solids?
"Crystalline solids have a regular three-dimensional arrangement of particles, whereas amorphous solids have an irregular arrangement of particles."Question
188
What is the crystalline allotropic form of carbon that is known for its hardness and high melting point?
"Graphite"
189
In diamond, each carbon atom is bonded to how many other carbon atoms?
"Two"
190
Which of the following is true about graphite?
"It is hard and has a high melting point."
191
Buckyball is made up of how many carbon atoms?
"10-20"
192
Which of the following forms a hexagonal layer structure?
"Diamond"
193
True or False: Diamond is a good conductor of electricity.
"True"
194
True or False: Buckyballs are used in semiconductors and superconductors.
"True"
195
Fill in the blank: Diamond has ________ covalent bonds between carbon atoms.
"Weak"
196
Fill in the blank: Graphite is used as a ________ in heavy machinery.
"Lubricant"
197
Fill in the blank: Buckyballs have a ________ structure that resembles a football.
"Hollow"
198
What is the highest energy state of matter?
"C) Gas"
199
Which process is described as the spontaneous mixing of molecules from higher concentration to lower concentration?
"B) Diffusion"
200
What is the pressure exerted by a gas per unit area of a container called?
"C) Pressure"
201
What does Boyle's Law state?
"C) Volume decreases with increase in pressure at constant temperature"
202
Charles's Law states that the volume of a given mass of gas is directly proportional to:
"B) Temperature"
203
What is the temperature scale that starts at absolute zero?
"B) Kelvin"
204
True or False: Evaporation is the change of a liquid to gas at a specific temperature.
"B) False"
205
What is the pressure exerted by the vapors of a liquid when the rate of evaporation becomes equal to the rate of condensation?
"B) Vapor pressure"
206
Fill in the blank: The temperature at which a liquid and its solid state exist in dynamic equilibrium is called the ________.
"C) Melting point"
207
True or False: Amorphous solids have an ordered arrangement of their particles.
"B) False"
208
What is the phenomenon called when an element exists in more than one physical state?
"A) Allotropy"
209
Fill in the blank: The temperature at which one allotrope changes into another is called the ________ temperature.
"B) Transition"
210
Which of the following is NOT correct about the particles in solids?
"C) The force of attraction between particles is weak"
211
At what pressure does a liquid boil at 100°C?
"A) 760 mm Hg"
212
What happens to the vapor pressure of a liquid when temperature increases?
"B) Increases"
213
Fill in the blank: Water normally boils at 100°C, but it is possible to boil at 50°C by ________.
"B) Decreasing external pressure"
214
True or False: The vapor pressure of a liquid increases with an increase in temperature.
"A) True"
215
Fill in the blank: The force that holds particles together in a solid state is called ________.
"C) Intermolecular force"Question Type
216
Fill-in-the-Blank
217
Fill-in-the-Blank
218
Fill-in-the-Blank
219
Fill-in-the-Blank
220
Fill-in-the-Blank
221
Fill-in-the-Blank
222
Fill-in-the-Blank
223
True/False
224
True/False
225
True/False
226
True/False
227
True/False
228
True/False
229
True/False
230
Short Answer
231
Short Answer
232
Short Answer
233
Short Answer
234
Short Answer
235
Short Answer
236
Short Answer
237
Short Answer
238
Short Answer
239
Short Answer
240
Short Answer
241
Short Answer
242
Short Answer
243
Short Answer
244
Project Work
245
Project Work
246
Long Question
247
Long Question
248
Long Question
249
Long Question
250
Long Question
251
Long Question
