Physiology 2 Flashcards
(77 cards)
1
Q
The chemosensitive area of the Medulla oblongata is most sensitive to? A. Carbonic acid B. H ions C. Bicarbonate ions D. O2
A
B. H ions
2
Q
Where is the somatosensory area of the brain located? A. Parietal lobe B. Occipital lobe C. Frontal lobe D. Temporal lobe
A
A. Parietal lobe
3
Q
The plateau of the cardiac action is due to? A. Slow calcium channels B. Slow potassium channels C. Slow Na channels D. Fast Na channels
A
A. Slow calcium channels
4
Q
The absolute refractory period is responsible for which of the following? A. To prevent tetany B. To create a stronger action potential C. Has no function D. To prevent paralysis
A
A. To prevent tetany
5
Q
Which of the following binds with the alpha receptor on vascular smooth muscle to cause vasoconstriction? A. Norepinephrine B. Dopamine C. Serotonin D. Acetylcholine
A
A. Norepinephrine
6
Q
Alkaloids are detected by which takes sensations? A. Sour B. Bitter C. Sweet D. Salt
A
B. Bitter
7
Q
PCO2 pressure in the arterial blood is equivalent to? A. Atmospheric pressure B. Alveolus pressure C. Venous blood D. Pulmonary artery
A
B. Alveolus pressure
8
Q
Which of the following inhibitor presynaptic neurotransmitters is for primary pain fibers in the substantial gelatinosa? A. Dopamine B. Enkephalin C. Serotonin D. Oxytocin
A
B. Enkephalin
9
Q
The release of a hormone from the anterior pituitary will stimulate the release of? A. Esterol B. Thyroxine C. Insulin D. Prolactin
A
B. Thyroxine
10
Q
The release of which of the following hormones is necessary for ovulation to occur? A. Estrogen B. LH C. Progesterone D. Testosterone
A
B. LH
11
Q
With the head in the vertical position which of the following will detect static equilibrium? A. Utricle B. Cochlear duct C. Organ of corti D. Semicircular canals
A
A. Utricle
12
Q
Which of the following is the function of the oval window?
A. Transmit vibration to the macula
B. Transmit vibration to the utricle
C. Transmit vibration to the scala vestibuli
D. Transmit vibration to the cordae tympani
A
C. Transmit vibration to the scala vestibuli
13
Q
During repolarization of an action potential which of the following will exit? A. Na B. Potassium C. Mg D. Chloride
A
B. Potassium
14
Q
How is glucose transported within the presence of a carrier protein channels? A. Facilitated diffusion B. Active transport C. Sodium co-transport D. Osmosis
A
A. Facilitated diffusion
15
Q
Which of the following enhances permeability to increase heart conduction? A. Gap junctions B. SA node C. AV node D. Purkinje fibers
A
A. Gap junctions
16
Q
In the male the feedback of LH is accomplished by which of the following? A. Oxytocin B. Testosterone C. FSH D. Estrogen
A
B. Testosterone
17
Q
Which neurotransmitter is released at the Postganglionic sympathetics? A. Norepinephrine B. Dopamine C. Enkephalins D. Acetylcholine
A
A. Norepinephrine
18
Q
Renal ultra-filtration occurs in what location of the kidney? A. Glomerular capillaries B. Renal collecting ducts C. Afferent arteriol D. Proximal tubule
A
A. Glomerular capillaries
19
Q
Loss of fluid in adults at ambient temperature of 70 degrees is by? A. Urination B. Respiration C. Defecation D. Perspiration
A
A. Urination
20
Q
Which of the following increases gastric mobility? A. Secretin B. Cholecystokinin C. Gastrin D. Serotonin
A
C. Gastrin
21
Q
Which of the following prevents gastric reflux?
A. Caving in of the esophagus
B. Physiological sphincter similar to the pylorus
C. Esophageal constriction
D. Stomach contraction
A
B. Physiological sphincter similar to the pylorus
22
Q
Stimulation of gut smooth muscle by the sympathetic nervous system causes?
A. Hyperpolarization & decrease function
B. Increased positively of membrane potential
C. increase rate and amplitude out of peristalisis
D. decrease tonic contraction of gut sphincters
A
A. Hyperpolarization & decrease function
23
Q
Which of the following is not involved in smooth muscle contraction? A. Autonomic nervous system stimulation B. Hormonal secretion C. Stretch reflex D. Voluntary motor stimulation
A
D. Voluntary motor stimulation
24
Q
The body’s primary response to rapid hemorrhage with blood loss is?
A. increase renin production of the JG cells
B. increase ADH
C. decrease baroreceptor,
D. increase baroreceptors
A
A. increase renin production of the JG cells
25
```
Secretin causes release of?
A. Bicarbonate
B. Gastrin
C. HCL
D. Intrinsic factor
```
A. Bicarbonate
26
```
Which of the following causes contraction of the gallbladder?
A. Cholecystokinin
B. Secretin
C. Gastrin
D. Estrogastrene
```
A. Cholecystokinin
27
```
Thermostatic variation is recognized by which area of the CNS?
A. Anterior hypothalamus
B. Medial hypothalamus
C. Lateral hypothalamus
D. Posterior hypothalamus
```
A. Anterior hypothalamus
28
```
In acidosis the kidney __ the secretion of __
A. Increases, bicarbonate
B. Increases carbon dioxide
C. Decreases bicarbonate
D. Decreases carbon dioxide
```
A. Increases, bicarbonate
29
```
In the kidney tubule what is converted to ammonia?
A. Lysine
B. Tyrosine
C. Glycine
D. Glutamine
```
D. Glutamine
30
```
Which of the following is responsible to degeneration of the endometrium?
A. Estrogen
B. Prolactin
C. Oxytocin
D. Corpus luteum involution
```
D. Corpus luteum involution
31
```
Destruction of what area results in the inability to formulate sentences?
A. Broca’s area
B. Wernickers area
C. Prefrontal area
D. Visual association cortex
```
A. Broca’s area
32
```
Lymphatic tissue is predominantly found in?
A. Skin and gut
B. Skin and liver
C. Liver and gut
D. Skin and skeletal muscle
```
A. Skin and gut
33
Edema is caused by ___
A. increase plasma colloid osmotic pressure
B. increase Lymphatic pumping of skeletal muscle
C. decrease arteriole pressure
D. increase venous pressure
D. increase venous pressure
34
```
Proteins are absorbed across the lumen of the small intestine as?
A. Peptides
B. Dipeptides
C. Polypeptides
D. Amino acids
```
D. Amino acids
35
```
The action of Norepinephrine on none SA node is mediated by what type of transmembrane reaction?
A. Ca
B. Na
C. Potassium
D. Chloride
```
A. Ca
36
```
A wide, tall, bizarre QRS wave?
A. Premature ventricular contraction
B. Atrial fibrillation
C. Myocardial infarction
D. Ventricular tachycardia
```
A. Premature ventricular contraction
37
```
Which of the following immunoglobulins crosses the placenta?
A. IgA
B. IgG
C. IgD
D. IgM
```
B. IgG
38
```
Which of the following is responsible for contraction according to Starlings law?
A. Blood pressure
B. H ion
C. Venous return
D. Carbon dioxide
```
C. Venous return
39
```
Vasoconstriction of a Peripheral blood vessel is a characteristic of which nervous system?
A. Somatic
B. Sensory
C. Sympathetic
D. Parasympathetic
```
C. Sympathetic
40
```
Which of the following stimulates red blood cell production?
A. Vitamin E.
B. Vitamin C.
C. Erythropoietin
D. Fibrin
```
C. Erythropoietin
41
Aldosterone has its greatest effect on?
A. increased sensation of chloride at the distal tubule
B. increased reabsorption of filtering it Na at the distal tubule
C. increased secretion of Na at the distal tubule
B. increased reabsorption of filtering it Na at the distal tubule
42
```
Testosterone is produced in secreted by?
A. Epididymis
B. Interstitial cells of leydig
C. Seminipherous tube
D. Seroni cells
```
B. Interstitial cells of leydig
43
```
Which of the following hormones is responsible for decreasing blood glucose levels?
A. Cortisol
B. Insulin
C. Glucagon
D. Epinephrine
```
B. Insulin
44
```
Preganglionic sympathetic fibers arise from what part of the spinal cord?
A. Anterior horn
B. Posterior horn
C. Substantia gelatinosa
D. Intermediate
```
D. Intermediate
45
```
The autorhythmicity of the heart is controlled by?
A. SA node
B. AV node
C. Bundle of his
D. Purkinje fibers
```
A. SA node
46
One hormone is secreted by the posterior pituitary?
A. ADH
B. TSH
C. CRH
A. ADH
47
```
Which hormone is release during long-term stress?
A. Dopamine
B. Acetylcholine
C. Cortisol
D. Serotonin
```
C. Cortisol
48
```
Ca is released from which part of the muscle?
A. Actin
B. T. tubules
C. Sarcoplasmic reticulum
D. Troponin-tropomyosin complex
```
C. Sarcoplasmic reticulum
49
```
The flow of urine after the minor calyx is into the?
A. Major calyx
B. Ureter
C. Renal pelvis
D. Renal sinus
```
A. Major calyx
50
```
Which of the following allows impulse of heart, and the heart to be functionally syncytium?
A. Intercalated disc
B. Actin
C. Myosin
D. Troponin
```
A. Intercalated disc
51
```
Sugars are absorbed in which of the following forms?
A. Monosaccharides
B. Polysaccharides
C. Disaccharide’s
D. Oligosaccharides
```
A. Monosaccharides
52
```
The majority of acetylcholine is removed from the sympathetic cleft by?
A. Enzymatic degeneration
B. Re-uptake
C. Diffusion
D. Phagocytosis
```
A. Enzymatic degeneration
53
The movement of white blood cells in response to a concentration gradient is called?
A. Chemotaxis
B. Hemotaxis
C. Diapedesis
A. Chemotaxis
54
```
Principal site for fat digestion is?
A. Stomach
B. Duodenum
C. Ileum
D. Jejunum
```
B. Duodenum
55
```
Ammonia is converted to urea by?
A. Liver
B. Kidney
C. Muscle
D. Spleen
```
B. Kidney
56
```
Ammonia is carried in bloodstream by?
A. Urea
B. Uric acid
C. Glutamine
D. Bile salts
```
C. Glutamine
57
The major way by a which cholesterol is eliminated from the body is?
A. Feces
B. Bile
C. Urine
A. Feces
58
The endocrine system:
a) releases chemicals into the bloodstream for distribution throughout the body
b) releases hormones that alter the metabolic activities of many different tissues and organs
c) produces effects that can last for hours, days, or even longer
d) can alter gene activity of cells
e) all of the above
e) all of the above
59
Each of the following hormones is an amino acid derivative EXCEPT:
a) epinephrine
b) melatonin
c) thyroxine (T4)
d) thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
e) norepinephrine
d) thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
60
When adenyl cyclase is activated:
a) cAMP is formed
b) cAMP is broken
c) G-proteins bind to cAMP
d) steroid hormones enter the cell
a) cAMP is formed
61
Which of the following hormones does NOT act by a second messenger system:
a) glucagon
b) epinephrine
c) growth hormone
d) testosterone
e) ACTH
d) testosterone
62
This hypophyseal structure receives signals from the hypothalamus via the hypophyseal portal vein:
a) follicles
b) adenohypophysis
c) neurohypophysis
d) pars intermedia
e) supraoptic nucleus
b) adenohypophysis
63
Low blood glucose level typically results in the secretion of all of the following EXCEPT:
a) glucagon
b) thyroxine (T4)
c) hGH
d) PTH
e) none of the above
d) PTH
64
The action of glucocorticoids involves many functions, but only one of the following is a correct one:
a) increases inflammatory responses
b) decreases lipid hydrolysis (lipolysis)
c) increases glucose levels
d) retention of electrolytes by the kidneys
e) increases osteoclast activity
c) increases glucose levels
65
This hormone acts on the intestines and causes increased calcium absorption:
a) calcitonin
b) calcitriol
c) thyroxine
d) pancreatic polypeptide
e) corticotropin releasing factor (CRF)
b) calcitriol
66
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) causes all of the following EXCEPT:
a) activation of thyroid follicular cells
b) increased iodide trapping in thyroid follicles
c) increased thyroglobulin synthesis
d) increased release of T3/ T4
e) all of above are correct
e) all of above are correct
67
The pancreatic cells that secrete insulin are the:
a) F-cells
b) principal cells
c) alpha cells
d) beta cells
e) delta cells
d) beta cells
68
The general adaptation syndrome (GAS) is activated by the:
a) hypothalamus
b) adrenal gland
c) pituitary gland
d) thyroid gland
e) release of glucocorticoids
a) hypothalamus
69
If you were to eat four sugar glaze doughnuts and a large pepsi, which hormone would you expect to be secreted at higher levels:
a) insulin
b) epinephrine
c) glucagon
d) cortisol
e) oxytocin
a) insulin
70
Somatostatin is secreted by the:
a) pancreatic F-cells
b) pancreatic delta cells
c) zona fasciculata
d) parafollicular cells
e) posterior pituitary
b) pancreatic delta cells
71
Hyposecretion of cortisol can cause:
a) cretinism
b) diabetes mellitus
c) diabetes insipidus
d) Addison’s disease
e) Grave’s disease
d) Addison’s disease
72
A tumor in the adrenal zona glomerulosa can cause hypersecretion of hormones produced in that region. Which of the following might you expect to find in a patient with such a tumor:
a) increased blood sodium levels
b) increased blood glucose levels
c) decreased blood calcium levels
d) increased dehydration
e) increased ketoacidosis
a) increased blood sodium levels
73
Oxytocin is secreted by the:
a) adenohypophysis
b) neurohypophysis
c) zona glomerulosa
d) pars intermedia
e) cervix
b) neurohypophysis
74
A lack of or decrease in insulin hormone receptors on cells can result in:
a) diabetes insipidus
b) type I diabetes mellitus
c) type II diabetes mellitus
d) insulin-dependant diabetes mellitus (IDDM)
e) juvenile diabetes
c) type II diabetes mellitus
75
Vasopressin is the same hormone as:
a) cortisol
b) epinephrine
c) ADH
d) hGH
e) oxytocin
c) ADH
76
The general adaptation syndrome (GAS):
a) is a mechanism to maintain homeostasis under stress
b) resets the levels of controlled conditions in the body in response to stress
c) is a part of the sympathetic (fight or flight) response
d) reduces the amounts of stress your body encounters
e) none of the above
b) resets the levels of controlled conditions in the body in response to stress
77
Which of the following characteristics is the same for the nervous and endocrine systems:
a) target cells affected
b) time to onset of actions
c) duration of actions
d) mechanism of signaling and communication
e) none of the above
e) none of the above
