Physiology Quiz 5 (1/2) (Autonomic Nervous System)

Question 0

What is the Autonomic nervous system?

Answer 0

Efferent outflow controlled by higher centers in the CNS as well as by spinal reflexes

Question 1

The autonomic nervous system is a subsection of what system?

Answer 1

CNS

Question 2

Every one of the efferent pathways of the ANS is comprised of what two neurons?

Answer 2

Preganglionic

Postganglionic

Question 3

Thoracolumbar outflow

Answer 3

Sympathetic division of of efferent outflow from spinal cord

Question 4

Sympathetic preganglionic fibers are (long/short)

Answer 4

Short

Question 5

Sympathetic postganglionic fibers are (long/short)

Answer 5

Long

Question 6

Craniosacral outflow

Answer 6

Parasympathetic division of efferent pathways from spinal cord

Question 7

Where do preganglionic fibers originate in parasympathetic nervous system?

Answer 7

Brain

Question 8

The preganglionic fibers in the parasympathetic nervous system are (short/long)

Answer 8

Long

Question 9

The postganglionic fibers in the parasympathetic nervous system are (short/long)

Answer 9

Short

Question 10

In the sympathetic system, how many postganglionic fibers are innervated by a single preganglionic fiber?

Answer 10

11-15

Question 11

In the parasympathetic system, how many postganglionics are innervated by a single preganglionic?

Answer 11

1-3

Question 12

Divergence

Answer 12

The way a single sympathetic preganglionic fiber innervates 11-15 postganglionic fibers

Question 13

Point to point control

Answer 13

The way a single parasympathetic preganglionic fiber innervates 1-3 postganglionics; lack of divergence

Question 14

What is the neurotransmitter at the preganglionic to post ganglionic synapse in both divisions of the ANS

Answer 14

Acetylcholine

Question 15

What is the receptor type at the preganglionic to postganglionic post synaptic membrane in both divisions of the ANS

Answer 15

Nicotinic cholinergic

Question 16

Neurotransmitter at the postganglionic to end organ synapse in the parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 16

Acetylcholine

Question 17

Receptor on the postganglionic post synaptic membrane to end organ in parasympathetic

Answer 17

Muscarinic cholinergic

Question 18

Neurotransmitter at the postganglionic to end organ synapse in the sympathetic nervous system

Answer 18

Norepinephrine

Question 19

Catecholamines

Answer 19

Class of compounds produced from tyrosine
Eg:
Norepinephrine
Epinephrine
dopamine

Question 20

Adrenergic receptors

Answer 20

Type of post synaptic receptors for sympathetic system

Question 21

General classes of adrenergic receptors

Answer 21

Beta (beta 1and beta 2)

Alpha (alpha 1 and alpha 2)

Question 22

Where are beta 1 receptors found

Answer 22

Surface of cardiac cells and JGA in kidney

Question 23

Beta 1 receptors are (excitatory/inhibitory)

Answer 23

Excitatory

Question 24

What happens when beta 1 receptors are stimulated?

Answer 24

Increase heart rate Increase inotropic state ...therefore increases demand for oxygen

Question 25

Inotropic state

Answer 25

Contractile force of muscle

Question 26

Are beta 1 receptors innervated?

Answer 26

Yes

Question 27

Where are beta 2 receptors found?

Answer 27

Everywhere beta 1 receptors are not found

Question 28

Beta 2 receptors are (excitatory/inhibitory)

Answer 28

Usually inhibitory

Question 29

Are beta 2 receptors innervated?

Answer 29

They may or may not be innervated

Question 30

Myocardial infarction

Answer 30

Inability of system to supply enough oxygen to cardiac tissue

Question 31

Effects of cocaine

Answer 31

Increases heart rate Increases inotropic state Increases catecholamines Therefore: increases oxygen demand, can cause myocardial infarction

Question 32

Where are alpha 1 receptors found?

Answer 32

Everywhere

Question 33

Alpha 1 receptors are (excitatory/inhibitory)

Answer 33

Usually excitatory

Question 34

Where are alpha 2 receptors found?

Answer 34

Only on the presynaptic membrane of the sympathetic postganglionic fibers

Question 35

Alpha 2 receptors are (excitatory/inhibitory)

Answer 35

Inhibitory

Question 36

At all synapses in the parasympathetic system, what is activity terminated by?

Answer 36

Activity of cholinesterases and acetylcholinesterases

Question 37

JGA

Answer 37

Stands for juxtaglomerular apparatus Found in kidney Chain of reactions with this results in increased blood pressure

Question 38

What do alpha 2 receptors do?

Answer 38

Inhibits release of norepinephrine (does not completely shut down) at presynaptic membrane to prevent overstimulation of synapse

Question 39

COMT

Answer 39

Enzyme that breaks down catecholamines

Question 40

Where is COMT found?

Answer 40

Postsynaptic sympathetic membrane and in extracellular fluid

Question 41

Two things that can happen to norepinephrine as it diffuses across the sympathetic synapse

Answer 41

COMT or Attach to receptor on postsynaptic membrane

Question 42

Three things that can happen to norepinephrine after it releases from receptor

Answer 42

Attach to another receptor Encounter COMT undergo active transport into nerve terminal

Question 43

What can happen to norepinephrine that is actively transported back into the cell?

Answer 43

1. Can be repackaged and used again | 2. Encounter MAO

Question 44

MAO

Answer 44

Monoamine oxidase | Chemically alters catecholamines so they are no longer active (breaks down)

Question 45

What does cocaine do at the synapse

Answer 45

Inhibits active reuptake of norepinephrine at synaptic nerve terminals; increases stimulation at synapse

Question 46

Clinical use of cocaine

Answer 46

In ophthalmology to dilate pupils

Question 47

Norepinephrine effect on CNS

Answer 47

Elevates mood

Question 48

MAO inhibitors

Answer 48

``` Drug class of depression meds Increases norepinephrine in brain ```

Question 49

How pain activates sympathetic response

Answer 49

Pain fibers converge with sympathetic fibers in spinal cord

Question 50

Spastic bladder

Answer 50

The stretch receptors in bladder wall advise higher centers of need to urinate. When there is damage to spinal cord, you lose this ability and you lose the ability to relax urinary sphincter. "Holding it" can cause increased heart rate, blood pressure, nausea, sweating, headache due to this pathway stimulating sympathetic nervous system. This is an emergency situation

Question 51

Intermediolateral column

Answer 51

Little bulge off of dorsal horn where nerve cell bodies for sympathetic preganglionic are found (T1-L3) Where pain fibers stimulate sympathetic system