PICLEC: MODULE 3 Flashcards by Eros Stear

OFFICIAL ACIDS:
Treatment of gastric achlorhydria (lack of hcl)

DILUTED HYDROCHLORIC ACID

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Arsenic chloride soution

ARSENIOUS ACID

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“Nitromuriatic acid”, “aqua regia” — kingly water

NITROHYDROCHLORIC ACID

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“Eau forte”, “Aqua fortis”— Strong water

NITRIC ACID

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used for manufacturing explosives and nitrates. (act as preservative)

NITRIC ACID

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OFFICIAL ACIDS

HYDROCHLORIC ACID
NITRIC ACID
PHOSPHORIC ACID
SULFURIC ACID
BORIC ACID

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“Monsel’s solution”

FERROUS SUBSULFATE SOLUTION

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the nitric acid converts the bismuth subnitrate to nitrate

BISMUTH MAGMA

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Hydrochloric acid sub solutions

HYDROCHLORIC ACID
DILUTED HYDROCHLORIC ACID
ARSENIOUS ACID
NITROHYDROCHLORIC ACID

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nitric acid sub solutions

FERROUS SUBSULFATE
MERCURIC NITRATE SOLUTION
BISMUTH MAGMA

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Phosphoric acid sub solutions

PHOSPHORIC ACID USP (85-88% of H3PO4)
DILUTED PHOSPHORIC ACID (9.5-10.5 % of H3PO4)

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Sulfuric acid sub solutions

SULFURIC ACID USP ( 94-95% H2SO4)
SACCHARATED FERROUS CARBONATE (diluted H2SO4)

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Boric acid sub solutions

KAOLIN CATAPLASM
BORIC ACID SOLUTION
BORIC ACID OINTMENT
LISTER’S SOLUTION (antiseptic solution)
COMPOUN ZINC SULFATE POWDER (Antiseptic powder)

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OFFICIAL BASES

SODIUM HYDROXIDE
POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE
CALCIUM HYDROXIDE
SODIUM CARBONATE
STRONG AMMONIA SOLUTION
DILUTED AMMONIA SOLUTION

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Used as standard solution in acid-base titrations

SODIUM HYDROXIDE

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Similar to NaOH, more deliquescent, stronger and more expensive

POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE

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Mixture of compounds, resists pH changes upon addition of small quantities of acid or alkali

maintain pH of medicinals at optimal limits

BUFFERS

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Used in formulation of opthalmic solutions

PHARMACEUTICAL BUFFERS

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sodium phosphate + NaCl (pH 6-8)

“Phosphate buffered saline”

sorensen phosphate buffer

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boric acid + sodium carbonate +KCL

GIFFORD’S BUFFER

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Boric acid + sodium carbonate + NaCl

ATKIN’S AND PANTIN BUFFER

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Boric acid + sodium BORATE + NaCl

FELDMAN’S BUFFER / PALITZSCH BUFFER

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Raw material, inactive ingredients, medicinal vehicle, solvent

Water

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Manufacture of pharmaceutical products, active pharmaceutical ingredients, APIs intermediates, compedial articles, and analytical Reagents as well as cleaning applications

Water

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Varying amounts of suspended matter clay, sand, microorganisms, and fragments of plants and animals. Has distinct taste

Natural water, mineral water, Spring water, natural spring/water

Types of water hardness

Temporary and permanent hardness

Can be seen in shower heads; has soluble calcium and magnesium bicarbonates Can be soften by boiling or lime process

Temporary hardness

Has calcium and magnesium chloride and sulfates

Permanent hardness

Produced on-site where they are used

bulk monographed water

Bulk monographed water

Purified water Water for injection Water for hemodialysis Pure stream,

Excipient in the production of non parenteral prep in pharmaceutical app. Not sterile

Purified water

Production of parenteral prep has endotoxin content must be controlled Not sterile

Water for injection

For hemodialysis app. Minimal Qual. Of source water = drinking water

WATER FOR HEMODIALYSIS

“Clean strem”

Pure stream

Porous load sterilization process, used to control humidity inside processing vessels Minimal Qual of source water= drinking water

Pure stream

Sterile monigraphed water

Sterile purified water Sterile water for injection Bacteriostatic water for injection Sterile water for irrigation Sterile water for inhalation

Produced, packaged, and sterilized to preserve microbial quality throughout shelf life

Sterile monographed water

Purified water packaged an dredered sterile

Sterile purified water

Water for injection packaged and rendered sterile, SINGLE DOSE containers not more than 1L

sterile water for injection

Water for injection added one or more suitable antimicrobial preservatives, used as diluent In pre of parenteral prod. Multi dose container not more than 30mL

Bacteristatic water for injection

Water for injection, SINGLE DOSE container that may e LARGER then 1L and allow rapid delivery of contents

WTAER FOR IRRIGATION

Water for injection, used in inhalators and prep for inhalation sol’n

STERILE WATER FOR INHALATION

Nonmonographed water

Drinking water Carbon dioxide free water Distilled water Deionized water

“Potable water”

DRINKING WATER

Prescribed source of feed water for prod. Of bulk monographed water pharmaceutical waters

DRINKING WATER

Purified water vigorously boiled for not less than 5 mins, cool and protected from absorption of atmospheric carbon dioxide

Carbon-dioxide free water

Vaporizing drinking water or higher quality of water and condensing into pure state

DISTILLED WATER

Produced by ion exchange process in which actions and anions are replaced with hydrogen and hydroxide

Deionized water

Inted to come direct contact with pharmaceutical products

GLASS CONTAINERS

Types of glass containers

Type I ( BOROSILICATE GLASS) TYPE II ( TREATED SODA LIME SILICA TYPE III (SODA LIME SILICA

Decreases coefficient in Pyrex glass

BORON

This glass is suitable for parenteral and non parenteral use

TYPE I (BOROSILICATE GLASS)

This glass is suitable for most acidic and neutral aqueous products for parenteral and nonparenteral

TYPE II ( TREATED SODA LIME SILICA)

This glass is not used for parenteral products or for powders for parenteral use

TYPE III (SODA LIME SILICA)

Used to differentiate type of glass

GLASS GRAINS TEST

Antioxidants solutions

Hypophosphorous acid Sulfur dioxide Sodium metabisulfite Nitrogen gas Argon gas

Reduce the oxidation of active substances and excipients in finished product

ANTIOXIDANTS

Powerful reducing agent (prevents oxidation from products) Ferrous iodide syrup

HYPOPHOSPHOROUS ACID

Preservative in food, drugs and beverages

SULFUR DIOXIDE

Sulfur dioxide source

SODIUM METABISULFITE

Cod Liver oil and vitamin prep Use to displace oxygen and moisture containing air in packaging material to extend shelf life

NITRIGEN GAS

Used as preservative

ARGON GAS

Increase refractive index

LEAD

Principal action in the intracellular fluid

POTASSIUM

Principal action in extracellular fluid

SODIUM

Principal ANION intracellular fluid

PHOSPHATE

Principal ANION extracellular fluid

CHLORIDE

2nd most abundant CATION in the ICF

MAGNESIUM

2nd most abundant CATION in the ECF

CALCIUM

2n most abundant in extracellular fluid

BICARBONATE

ELECTROLYTE REPLENISHERZ

SODIUM CHLORIDE POTASSIUM CHLORIDE CALCIUM CHLORIDE

Replenish the body’s electrolyte concentration the dehydration

ELECTROLYTE REOLENISHER

Systematic alkalizer

SODIUM BICARBONATE POTASSIUM BICARBONATE SODIUM CITRATE POTASSIUM CITRATE

Normal physiological pH

7.35 - 7.45

Used to manage disorders associated with low pH

SYSTEMATIC ALKALIZER

Neutralize alkaline body fluid, particularly blood in patients who are suffering from systematic alkalosis

SYSTEMATIC ACIDIFIERS

Systematic alkalizer

SODIUM BIPHOSPHATE CALCIUM CHLORIDE AMMONIUM CHLORIDE

Form an integral part of one or more enzymes in a metabolic or biochemical process

ESSENTIAL AND TRACE ELEMENTS

Catakytic site of the enzymes and oxygen transporting proteins

IRON

COfactor of many enzymes in redox reactions

COPPER

Enhances the action of insulin and manages blood glucose concentration

ZINC

Essential role in development and maintenance of the immune system

ZINC

Antioxidant that protects cells from damage due to free radicals

MANGANESE

Required to potntate insulin for normal glucose metabolism

CHROMIUM

Moco is used by the enzymes to catalyze diverse redox reactions

MOLYDEMNUM

Antioxidant and protects against the actions of free radicals and carcinogenic factors

SELENIUM

Integral part of vitamin b12 (cyanocobalamin)

COBALT

Present in all peptides, proteins, and enzymes that contain cysteine and methionine amino acids

SULFUR

Integral component of thyroid hormones for cellular metabolism (thyroxin and triiodothyronine)

IODINE

Gastric antacids

MAGNESIUM ANTACIDS ALUMINUM ANTACIDS CALCIUM ANTACIDS MISCELLANEOUS OFFICIAL ANTACIDS

Magnesium antacids Common side effect of Magnesium is DIARRHEA

MAGNESIUM HYDROXIDES MAGNESIUM CARBONATE MAGNESIUM OXIDE MAGNESIUM PHOSPHATE MAGNESIUM TRISILICATE ALUMINA AND MAGNESIA

Aluminum antacids Side effects CONSTIPATION

ALUMINUM HYDROXIDE ALUMINUM PHOSPHATE DIHYDROXYALUMINUM SODIUM AMINO ACETATE DYHYDROXYALUMINUM SODIUM CARBONATE ALUMINA, MAGNESIA, AND CALCIUM CARBONATE ALUMINA AND MAGNESIUM TRISILICATE ALUMINA AND MAGNESIA

Calcium antacids

PRECIPITATED CALCIUM CARBONATE CALCIUM CARBONATE ADN MAGNESIA CLACIUM AND MAGNESIIUM CARBONATE MAGALDRATEX ALUMINUM MAGNESIUM HYDROXIDE SULFATE

Miscellaneous official antacids

BISMUTH SUBCARBONATE MILK OF BISMUTH SODIUM BICARBONATE POTASSIUM BICARBONATE

Defoaming agent, antiflatulence

SIMETHICONE

Protective and adsorbents - symptom and not a disease Impair digestion and or absorption Increase bulk - stimulates peristalsis Can lead to dehydration

Diarrhea