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Piemonte Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the aging requirements in Ghemme

A

85% Nebbiolo
34 total, 18 in oak
Riservas- 46 total, 24 oak

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2
Q

Where is Ghemme?

A

In Piemonte across the Sesia river from
Gattinara
- Vineyards must be planted 720-1300ft (220-400m)

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3
Q

What is the blending requirement for Barolo?

A

100% Nebbiolo

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4
Q

What is the geography of Barolo?

A
  1. Piemonte —> N/W Langhe —> right bank of Tanaro river, southwest of Alba
  2. Hills and slopes planted at 550 - 1800 ft. Often mid-slope plantings
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5
Q

Who was Giulia Falletti?

A

The Marquise of Barolo who produced dry (not sweet) Barolos and spread its popularity

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6
Q

What are the characteristics of Barolo wine?

A

100% Nebbiolo
Aged 38 months, 18 oak
Color: Light ruby or garnet. Ages to orange
Aroma: Rose & violet; Fresh red berries, cherries; Tar; Earth
Tertiary: Dried flowers; dried fruit; nutmeg and cinnamon; mint; leather; tobacco; game; licorice; white truffle
Full alcohol (Min alc 13%)

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7
Q

What is the geography and topography of Baraberesco?

A
  1. Right bank Tanaro river, N/E of Alba. Proximity to river makes it warmer than Barolo
  2. Hills, slopes 160 ft lower than Barolo
  3. Soils: Tortonian = calcareous but with some sand
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8
Q

What are the aging requirement for Barberesco?

A

26 total, 9 in oak
Riserva: 50 total, 9 in oak

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9
Q

Winemaking differences between Barolo and Barbaresco

A
  1. Barolo - more single vineyard focused due to sight variation. Three times area under vine
    Barolo 13million bottles, Barberesco 4 million
  2. Longer aging and high min alcohol in Barolo
  3. Barolo traditional
  4. Barberesco modern
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10
Q

List the characteristics of Barberesco

A

100% Nebbiolo
Aged 26/9 month
imilar to Barolo “queen”
Color: Light ruby or garnet. Ages to orange
Aroma: Less pronounced rose & violet; Fresh red berries, cherries; Tar; Earth
Tertiary: Dried flowers; dried fruit; nutmeg and cinnamon; mint; leather; tobacco; game; licorice; white truffle
Full body (Min alc 12.5%)

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11
Q

Name the red varietals of Piedmont
(6 major)

A

Barbera
Dolcetto
Nebbiolo (fog) called Spanna in the north
Freisa
Brachetto (like red Moscato Bianco, aromatic)
Grignolio (pips)
Ruche (considered aromatic)

Minor: Croatina, Neretta Cuneese, Malvasia( di Schierano etc), Uva Rara, Vespolina

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12
Q

Name the white varietals of Piedmont

A

Moscato Bianco
Cortese (labeled Gavi)
Arneis (translate to difficult person)
Erbaluce

Minor: Timorasso (aka Derthona), Favorita

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13
Q

What are the 3 biotypes and 1 variety of Nebbiolo?

A

Lampia
Michet
Bolla
Variety: Rose

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14
Q

Name the 5 hill clusters in Piemonte

A

Novara & Vercelli
Monferrato
Roero
Langhe
Tortona
(L M N/V R T)

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15
Q

Name the regions of Northern Piemonte: Novarra and Vercilli Hills and Canavese districts (6 Nebbiolo based, 1 Erbaluce)

A

Novarra & Vercelli Hills
-Gattinara
-Ghemme
-Lessona
-Bramaterra
-Boca

Canavese
-Carema (nebbiolo)
-Erbaluce di Caluso

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16
Q

What are the differences between the slopes and styles of Langhe v Roero Hills?

A

Langhe
-Moderately sloped
-High rising
-Calcereous (terre blanche), older soils
-Deep, narrow valleys (tongues/ Langhe)

Roero
-Steep
-Low rising
-Erosion can be an issue
-More recent, sandier soils

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17
Q

What are the most important villages in Barolo?

A
  1. La Morra
  2. Barolo
  3. Castiglione Falletto
  4. Serralunga d’Alba
  5. Monforte d’Alba
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18
Q

Which Barolo regions have Tortonian Soil?

A

La Morra
Barolo
*Tortonian calcaerous marls = more fertile. More perfumed, elegant, fruitier, softer

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19
Q

Which areas of Barolo have Serravallian soils?

A

Monforte d’Alba
Serralunga d’Alba
Some of Castiglione Falletto
*sandstone, sand. Less fertile making more powerful, fuller, robust wines. Need more bottle aging

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20
Q

Who was Domizio Cavazza?

A

Director of the royal school of enology. Founded the first cooperative in Barberesco and helped shape identity of the appellation. (He also bought the castle)

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21
Q

Who was Angelo Gaja?

A

In the 1950s/60s he helped spread renown for Barberesco worldwide

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22
Q

How many MGAs are in Barolo and Barberesco?

A

Barolo: 181, 11 communal

Barberesco: 66. First to designate MGAs

MGA are additional geographic designations NOT a hierarchy of quality

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23
Q

Name the 3 Dolcetto based appellations of Langhe

A

Dolcetto di Diano d’Albe
Dolcetto d’Alba
Dogliani

All 100% Dolcetto

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24
Q

Name the Barbera and Dolcetto based regions of Southeastern Piemonte

A

Monferrato
-Barbera d’Asti
-Nizza

Basso/Alto Monferrato
-Barbera del Monferrato
-Dolcetto di Ovada

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25
What are the Barbera based zones and sub-zones of Monferrato
Barbera d’Asti: Sub-zones: Tinella, Colli Astiani Nizza
26
List the 3 largest growing area by volume in Piemonte
1. Asti (Asti & Moscato) 2. Barbera d’Asti 3. Barbera del Monferrato
27
What river flows through Novara and Vercelli Hills?
Sesia
28
What river flows through Alba?
Tanaro - seperates Roero Hills from Langhe Hills
29
Where is Timarasso grown in Piemonte and what is the local name?
Colli Tortonesi Derthona (it is a white grape!)
30
What are the sub-zones of Colli Tortonesi and what grapes are they associated with?
Monleale: Barbera Terre di Libarna: Timorasso
31
What river starts in Western Piemonte?
Po
32
What grape is Giacosa associated with?
Barberesco
33
Who are the pioneer producers in Piedmont?
Barberesco: Gaja, Giacosa Aernis/Roero: Vietti, Giacosa Barbera d;Asti - Braida Cortèse/Gavi - La Scolca Timbrasso/Colli Tortonesi - Massa
34
What Friulian districts have the reputation for varietally pure, clean white wines?
Collio, Friuli Colli Orientali, Friuli Isonzo {Friuli Venezia Giulia}
35
What are the soil types and training methods in Monferrato Astigiano?
-North Asti: sabbie astiane (sands) -South Asti: terre bianche Training: Guyot, cordon
36
What are the blending and aging requirements for Barbera d’Asti?
90% Barbera 4 month min Superiore: 14 mo min, 6 in oak
37
What producers influenced styles of Barbera?
Braida Bersano Scarpa Coppo Charlotte Helped transform from light, “people’s wine” to richer versions using riper fruit, lower yields and oak
38
What are the blending and aging requirements of Nizza DOCG?
100% Barbera 18 month min, 6 in oak Riserva: 30 mo min, 12 in oak
39
What styles can Brachetto d’Acqui and Freisa d’Asti be made in?
Brachetto: still, lightly fizzy, sparkling, passito (Brachetto grape) Freisa: Still, still superiore, frizzante, Spumante (Freisa grape)
40
What is the difference in style between Asti DOCG and Moscato d’Asti DOCG?
Asti: fully sparkling, sweet to Extra Dry, 7% alcohol Moscato Bianco (cork) Moscato d’Asti: lightly sparkling, sweet 5% alcohol Moscato Bianco (screw cap). Can be vendemmia tardiva -Only planted on hillsides -Both grown on terre bianche, trained Guyot, hand-picked
41
What are the differences between Barbera del Monferrato DOC and Superiore DOCG?
DOC: still and frizzante. No aging requirements DOCG: still only. Ripest grapes, lower yields, higher min alcohol. 14 months aged, 6 in oak Both: hills 500 - 1300ft; wide range of soils; Guyot trained 85% Barbera, up to 15% Freisa and/or Grignolino and/or Dolcetto
42
What styles can Colli Tortonesi be made in? What are the two subzones?
Colli Tortonesi: Rosso, Bianco, frizzante, Spumante, blends and single varietal Sub-zones: 1. Monleale: still Barbera 2. Terre di Libarna: 95 - 100% Timarosso/Derthona still, riserva, Spumante
43
What are the soils, topography, aging requirements and characteristics of Gattinara?
Soils:volcanic Topography: Steep hillsides only (800- 1800ft), good exposure 90% min Nebbiolo (b/c of good growing conditions) 35 month min, 24 in oak Riserva 47mo/36 oak Characteristics; longest lived, more acid, light color, lighter body. Used to be most prestigious Nebbiolo
44
Which is the northernmost, east bank Nebbiolo based appellation?
Boca
45
What variety is allowed in Bramatterra DOC that allows for smaller amounts of Nebbiolo than other Northern Piedmont regions?
Croatina (up to 30%), Vespolina, (20%) and/or UVA Rara Remaining Nebbiolo 50- 80% Overall lighter and more approachable at a younger age
46
What is the only northern Nebbiolo-based DOC that can have 100% Nebbiolo?
Lessona DOC 85% required, can go to 100% (Vespolina and UVA Rara blending options)
47
Describe the wine growing techniques in Carema
Carema “vino di montagna” Stony, terraced vineyards 1000 - 2300 ft Topia (pergola) system held up by stone pillars (pillun) help to retain heat
48
What are the styles of Erbaluce di Caruso DOCG?
100% Erbaluce (White) Dry, traditional method sparkling, or passito Passito must be aged for 3 years Traditional: amber, oxidized Modern: golden, delicate, light oak
49
What are culinary traditions in Alba?
Some of Italy’s best cuisine: Hazelnut Chocolate (where Nutella comes from) Truffles
50
Describe the climate and soils of Alba
Climate: moderate continental. Cold winters, warm dry summers. Rain & hail. Autumns foggy & mild - growing season can extend to Oct Tanaro moderates Soils of plains: from retreat of Padang Sea: clay, marls, sandstone, sand, chalk Soils of hills: Langhe - marls/terre bianche Roero - sandier. Érosion an issue
51
Describe wine industry and Langhe hills
Like Burgundy, importance on village origin, single-vineyards Large changes in terroir over small area - variations in altitude, exposure, and soil Widely planted: Nebbiolo, Dolcetto, Barbera, Moscato Bianco
52
What are the 2 soil types in Barolo?
Tortonian: younger, calcaereous marls, more fertile Serravallian: older; sandstone, silt, sand. Poorer, less compact
53
What are the differences between traditional and modern Barolo production?
Traditional - long maceration (1 - 2months) and long aging in old Slovenian oak/botti - 4+ years Modern methods - shorter maceration and aging in new French oak. more fruit driven, softer style. “Barolo boys” style
54
Name the Nebbiolo based appellations of Langhe Hills
Barolo Barberesco
55
Name the Dolcetto based appellations of the Langhe Hills
Dogliani DOCG Dolcetto di Diano d’Alba or Diano d’Alba DOCG Dolcetto d’Alba DOC
56
Name the “other” (non-Nebbiolo, Dolcetto) appellations of Langhe Hills
-Barbera d’Alba -Langhe DOC - “fallback” for Nebbiolo, Barbera, Dolcetto, Arnes and international. Younger releases of Barolo & Barberesco -sub-zone Nascetta from white grape dry & passito -Alta Langa DOC - traditional method sparkling
57
What is the style and grape of an Alta Langa DOC?
Metodo classico Spumante (traditional method, fully sparkling) Bianco or rosato Must be vintage dated 30 months on lees (Riserva 36 months) 90 - 100% Pinot Nero and/or Chardonnnay
58
Describe the soil, climate, topography and grapes of Roero
Climate: arid - mountains block rain, temperature swings Topography: low altitude hills but steep. La rocche - cliffs Soils: Marine sandstone, sand, marl - light loose. Rich in minerals, other fruits - peach, pear production Grapes: Nebbiolo (95%) Arnies - majority of plantings
59
What DOC is associated with Nascetta grape?
Novello
60
What aromatic wine was first produced in Piedmont? By whom?
Vermouth By Carpano
61
Favorita is genetically identical to
Vermentino
62
What is UVA Rara called in northern Piedmont?
Bonarda
63
What are the sub-zones of Moscato d’Asti from largest to smallest?
Canelli Santa Vittoria d’Alba Strevi
64
What region was the first to highlight single vineyards?
Piedmont
65
What river starts in the Western Alps of Piedmont?
The Po. No vineyards are planted on the Po Plain in Piedmont
66
What are the most widely planted grape(s) in Piedmont? What 4 make up 70% of total plantings?
1. Barbera (30%) 2. Moscato Bianco (21%) 70% of Barbera, Moscato Bianco, Dolcetto and Nebbiolo
67
What was Piedmonts most prestigious wine in the 16th century?
Gattinara (90% Nebbiolo)
68
What is Piedmonts largest appellation by volume?
Asti DOCG
69
What is the aromatised wine from Barolo?
Barolo Chinato - herbs and spices added to Barolo base wine
70
What appellations can carry MGA in Piedmont?
Barolo Barberesco Diano d’Alba
71
What is the style in Alta Langa?
Fully sparkling
72
Who created Moscato d’Asti?
Carlo Gancia
73
What are the appellations of Monferrato Astigiano?
Barbera d’Asti Nizza (100% Barbera) Ruche di Castagnole Monferrato Brachetto d’Acqui Freisa d’Asti Grignolino d’Asti Asti DOCG (largest by volume) Moscato d’Asti
74
What are the appellations of Basso and Alto Monferrato?
Barbera del Monferrato Dolcetto di Ovada Gavi Colli Tortonesi - Barbera, Dolcetto, Cortese Grignolino del Monferrato Casalese
75
What are the blending requirements for Asti appllations: Barbera Nizza Gavi Grignolino Ruche
Barbera 90%. 14 aged Nizza - 100% Barbera Gavi - 100% Cortese Grignolino 90% (red) 10% Freisa Ruche - 90% (Brachetto and Freisa not specified) ## Footnote Southeast Piedmont
76
What are the non-Nebbiolo, non-Dolcetto appellations of Langhe?
Barbera d'Alba 85% (15% Nebb) Langhe DOC - variety of regional grapes, 85% min Alta Langa
77
What are the Roero appellations and blending requirements?
Roero - Nebbiolo 95% Roero Arneis - 95%
78
What are the 3 villages of Barberesco?
Barberesco Nerve Treiso
79
Who were the key producers in Piedmont?
Gaja, Giacosa - Barberesco Vietti, Giacosa, Ceretto - Arneis, Roero Braida - Barbera La Scolca - Cortese/Gavi Massa - Timorasso/Colli Tortonesi
80
Who helped champion Barolo from sweet to dry?
Giullia Falletti Camillo Benso Ou dart Paolo F Staglieno In mid 1800s

Italian Wine Scholar (23 decks)

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