Piemonte** Flashcards
(228 cards)
1
Q
What is Piemonte’s topographical structure?
A
43% mountains; 30% hills; 27% plains
2
Q
What are the key structural characteristics (acid, tannin, etc.) of Piemonte’s top four most important grape varieties?
A
3
Q
Which grape varieties are used for still, sparkling and dessert wines in Piemonte?
A
4
Q
Which Piemonte wines allow blending partners and which must be 100% varietal?
A
5
Q
What are the permissible wine styles (still, sparkling, dessert, aromatized, etc.) of the “need to know” appellations in Piemonte?
A
6
Q
What is the significance of possible label terms such as: Superiore, Bricco, Riserva, etc.?
A
7
Q
What are the winemaking techniques that are specific to “need to know” appellations in Piemonte?
A
8
Q
Be familiar with the aging requirements of the “need to know” DOCGs in Piemonte.
A
9
Q
Which Italian region led the industrial revolution?
A
Piemonte
10
Q
Which Italian region led the drive towards unification?
A
Piemonte
11
Q
What is Italy’s second largest region?
A
Piemonte (first is Sicilia, third is Sardegna)
12
Q
Which Italian region has the greatest number of DOC/G’s?
A
Piemonte (then Tuscany and Veneto)
13
Q
Who were the first people to make wine in Piemonte?
A
Taurini and Salassi
14
Q
What is the progression of civilizations in Piemonte through the incorporation into the Holy Roman Empire?
A
Taurini and Salassi, Celtic, Romans, Barbarians, Lombards, Charlemagne
15
Q
What was the role of viticulture in the Middle Ages in Piemonte?
A
increased importance, flourished under the influence of the monks
16
Q
When did wine regulation commence in Piemonte?
A
Middle Ages, pointing to the significant relative importance of wine commerce
17
Q
When did the House of Savoy gain control over part of Piemonte?
A
1045 through marriage, very early compared to Sardegna (1700’s)
18
Q
When did House of Savoy acquire Sardegna?
A
in the 1700’s (a key step in the later unification of Italy)
19
Q
Describe the viticultural sector in Piemonte during the industrial revolution.
A
Viticultural sector suffered greatly due to phylloxera, odium and downy mildew at the same time as the industrial revolution brought prosperity.
20
Q
What is etymology of Piemonte?
A
meaning “at the foot of the mountain,’ true on three sides [region is 43% mountains]
21
Q
What is the capital city of Piemonte?
A
Turino
22
Q
What is the main agricultural product of the plain of Piemonte?
A
rice
23
Q
What is the climate of Piemonte?
A
broadly continental with multiple meso-climates
24
Q
What is the scientific evidence for the effectiveness of hail cannons?
A
none (from Wikipedia, not in IWS) [points to hail as a risk in Piemonte]
25
Describe rainfall in Piemonte.
Low, a rain shadow effect
26
What is the most widely planted grape in Piemonte?
Barbera
27
What are the 3 most famous grapes in Piemonte?
Barbera, Moscato Bianco and Nebbiolo
28
What is the mix of red/white grapes in Piemonte?
reds are 2:1 (> 60% red)
29
What is the most famous grape in Piemonte?
Nebbiolo
30
What are the 4 most planted grapes in Piemonte?
Barbera, Moscato Bianco, Dolcetto and Nebbiolo, 70% of total
31
What is the role of international grapes in Piemonte?
minimal, 4% of total, can be authorized by DOC, Chardonnay is most common (for sparkling wine)
32
Barbera grape is native to where?
unknown, traditionally thought of as native to Monferrato; however, genetic evidence does not support this concept as it is unrelated to other grapes from this area
33
What is the hallmark of Barbera wine?
retained acidity even when fully ripe
34
What are the 3 most planted red grapes in Italy?
Sangiovese, Montepulciano, Barbera (of which >60% is in Piemonte)
35
What is tannin level of Barbera?
low [deep color and high acidity]
36
Dolcetto grape is native to where?
unknown, considered to be from Piemonte, first mentioned in 1593 in Dogliani in Cuneo
37
Describe the ripening, tannin and acidity of Dolcetto?
early [contrast with Barbera and Nebbiolo], high tannin and low acidity [early ripening permits 'sweet cash flow']
38
What is the etymology of Dolcetto?
"little sweet one" reflecting of the low acidity of the ripe berries
39
What was Piemonte's most planted grape before phylloxera?
Dolcetto [Barbera increased after phylloxera]
40
What is the principal clone of Nebbiolo?
Lampia, most widely planted, most reliable
41
What are the characteristics of wine made from Freisa?
red wine, light-colored, high in acid and tannin, distinctive aromas of strawberry and raspberry
42
What is the etymology of Grignolino?
grignole in Monferrato dialect means pips
43
What are the characteristics of wine made from Grignolino?
pale red, light-bodied, moderate in alcohol, high in tannin and acid
44
What are the characteristics of wine made from Brachetto?
most often red, sweet, aromatic notes of raspberry and strawberry [4 R's > Red, aRomatic, Raspberry, stRawberry]
45
What grape makes the red wine equivalent of Moscato Bianco?
Brachetto [but home is Alessandria, not Asti]
46
Brachetto grape is native to where?
unknown, most likely Acqui Terme in Alessandria province, Piemonte [hot water]
47
Ruche grape is native to where?
most likely native to Castagnole, Asti province, Piemonte [aromatic Ruck-sack]
48
What are the characteristics of wine made from Ruche?
intense aromatics, flavors of rose, red fruit and spice
49
What is the most widely planted WHITE grape in Piemonte?
Moscato Bianco [Barbera is most widely planted grape in Piemonte]
50
What is the world's most popular sweet sparkling wine?
Asti (Spumante) made from Moscato Bianco
51
Cortese is associated with what town? province? what wine area?
Gavi in Alessandria province, considered Alto Monferrato
52
Which producers promoted Arneis in the 1970's?
Vietti and Bruno Giacosa in Roero
53
What is the etymology of Arneis?
refers to a difficult personality, reflecting the difficulty to grow
54
Erbaluce grape is associated with what town?
Caluso [erbALUCe]
55
What is the main characteristic of Erbaluce grape?
thick skin and high acid > suitable for passitos
56
Which producer saved Timorasso?
Walter Massa [tiMorASSo]
57
Timorasso grape is associated with what town?
Tortona (Derthona - Tortona's ancient name, DNA studies suggest Piemonte origin)
58
What are the characteristics of wine made from Timorasso?
white[!], high in acid, light honey mineral, floral and citrus notes, creamy texture can incorrectly suggest oak aging, excellent length
59
Arneis is associated with what area?
Roero Hills
60
What Piemonte grape drops acid quickly during ripening?
Arneis
61
Describe the acid level of Cortese grape.
high
62
What is the wine quality pyramid in Piemonte?
DOC-G/IGT/vino - 90/0[!]/10
63
Which two Piemonte cities (provinces) are the epicenters for wine production?
Asti (Asti) and Alba (Cuneo) account for 80% of Piemonte wine
64
What is the role of blends in Piemonte?
minimal, single varietals dominate
65
What the 4 sub-regions of Piemonte?
Northern Piemonte, Western Piemonte and Torino Hills, Alba and Monferrato
66
What are the wine districts of Northern Piemonte? What are the most important appellations of this sub-region?
two, Novara and Vercelli Hills (Gattinara and Ghemme DOCG's) and Canavese (Erbaluce di Caluso DOCG and Carema DOC)
67
What river is associated with Canavese wine district?
Dora Baltea (from Valle d'Aosta) [ABCD]
68
What two towns are featured on the seal of of the Canavese Consorzio?
Carema and Caluso in Piemonte [CCCC]
69
What river is associated with Novara and Vermicelli Hills wine district?
Sesia River
70
Which Piemonte sub-region is the the traditional home of Barbera and sparkling Moscato Bianco?
Monferrato
71
Which Piemonte sub-region is the the traditional home of Nebbiolo?
Alba
72
Compare ripening, acid and tannin for Barbera, Dolcetto and Nebbiolo.
B: late, high, low
D: early, low, high
N: late, high, high [!]
73
What is the main grape in the sub-region of Northern Piemonte?
Nebbiolo
74
Northern Piemonte contributes what amount of Piemonte's total wine production?
5%
75
What is the soil type in Ghemme and Gattinara?
glacial origin
76
What moderates the climate in Ghemme and Gattinara?
mild climate results from cool air from Alps (diurnal swings) as well as moderating effect of Lake Maggiore and Lake Orta
77
How does climate in Novara and Vercelli Hills impact viniculture of Nebbiolo?
milder climate allows greater acidity and altitude creates lighter color and body than found in Nebbiolo from Langhe area
78
What geological landmark is associated with Canavese wine district?
Ivrea glacial moraine basin
79
What is the most historic wine of Northern Piemonte?
Gattinara Nebbiolo, Piemonte's most prestigious wine in the 16th century
80
What are the advantages of Gattinara location?
exposure, altitude and soil mix
81
What river bank is associated with Gattinara DOCG?
right (west) bank of Sesia River [gattinaRa; Right bank]
82
What river bank is associated with Ghemme DOCG?
left bank of Sesia River
83
What are the permitted blending partners for Nebbiolo in Gattinara and Ghemme?
Vespolina and Uva Rara (up to 10% in Gattinara and 15% in Ghemme)
84
Compare the wines of Gattinara and Ghemme.
Nebbiolo from Ghemme is more austere and sturdy; both are tannic, acidic and built to age
85
What geological landmark is associated with Carema DOC?
vineyards are located in terraces carved out of foothills of Mount Maletto
86
What grape is associated with Caluso DOCG?
Erbaluce
87
What style wines are made in Caluso DOCG?
white, dry, sparkling and sweet
88
Compare the oak aging requirement for Gattinara and Ghemme.
longer for Gattinara (35/24 vs. 36/18)
89
What river divides the Roero Hills and Langhe Hills?
Tamaro, Roero Hills on left bank (north); Langhe hills on right (south)
90
Compare elevation and slope of the Roero Hills and Langhe Hills?
Langhe: higher elevations and more gradual slopes [lAnGHE>Ancient, Gradual, Higher Elevation]
91
Compare soils of the Roero Hills and Langhe Hills?
Langhe: older, calcareous marl (terre bianchi); Roero: younger, softer, sander, rich in marine fossils
92
What are characteristics of Nascetta wine and what town is it linked to?
white, semi-aromatic with aromas of acacia flowers and exotic fruits; grown around commune of Novello in Cuneo province of Piemonte (not a 'need to know' grape)
93
What is etymology of Langhe?
refers to "tongues", groups of elongated parallel hills
94
What is point of separation between Higher and Lower Langhe?
Monforte d'Alba
95
What grape variety is planted in the highest and coolest sites in the Langhe?
Dolcetto, early ripening
96
How big is Barolo DOCG?
7 by 5 miles [compare to Montalcino, 9 x 9 miles]
97
What are the 5 main villages of Barolo DOCG?
La Morra, Barolo, Castiglione Falletto, Monforte d'Alba, Serralunga d'Alba
98
Where the best sites in Langhe for Barolo?
mid-slope, south facing, where the snow melts first
99
What are the two geological formations and their relative ages that determine the soils of Langhe?
older Helvetian/Serravallian and younger Tortonian
100
Which geological formation is most associated with Barolo?
Tortonian [OO]
101
Which Barolo villages are associated with Tortonian soils?
La Morra and Barolo, western half
102
What is composition of Helvetian/ Serravallian soil?
sandstone and sand > poorer, less compact, less fertile
103
What is composition of Tortonian soil?
calcareous marls, more fertile and compact
104
Which Barolo villages are associated with Helvetian/ Serravallian soils?
Monforte d'Alba, Serralunga d'Alba, part of Castiglione Falleto [CMS]
105
What is classic color of Barolo wine?
light ruby to garnet, brick orange rim, never deep
106
What are the classic aromas of Barolo?
rose, violet, fresh red berries, cherries, tar and earth
107
What is classic palate of Barolo?
high acid-tannin core, concentration, dense texture, full body
108
What is Barolo Chinato?
rare aromatized DOCG wine; quinine, aromatic herbs and spices are added to base wine
109
What is aging requirement for Barolo?
38 months (riserva 62 months) with at least 18 months in oak [vs. 26/50/9 for Barbaresco]
110
What is the history of Barbaresco?
prior to 1890's, grapes used to make Barolo
111
Who was Domizio Cavazza?
director of Alba wine school, purchased Castle of Barbaresco and surrounding vineyards. [another ABCD]
112
Who was Angelo Gaja?
producer that transformed Barbaresco into word class wine
113
What are the communes associated with Barbaresco?
Barbaresco, Neive, Treiso
114
What is basis of Barbaresco's soils?
Tortonian formation with calcareous marls and alternating layers of sands
115
Compare altitude of Barolo and Barbaresco?
Barolo is 160 feet higher [upstream]
116
Compare growing conditions of Barolo and Barbaresco?
Barbaresco soils are more homogenous. Area is warmer and closer to the river.
117
What is aging requirement for Barbaresco?
26 months (riserva 50 months) with at least 9 months in oak [vs. 38/62/18 in Barolo]
118
Who were the breakthrough Barbaresco producers?
Gaja and Giacosa
119
How many MGA's are in Barolo and Barbaresco?
first done in Barbaresco; now 66 vs. 181 in Barolo
120
What is standard Dolcetto wine profile?
ripe black fruit, licorice, moderate [!] acidity, mouth-filling body, smooth texture and a bitter-sweet finish
121
What are the three Dolcetto appellations of the Langhe Hills?
Dogliani DOCG, Dolcetto d'Alba DOC, Diano d'Alba DOCG [DDDD]
122
What was Italy's first effort to designate specific sites of superior quality?
76 cru (sori) sites registered in Diano d'Alba in the 80's, incorporated into MGA's in 2010
123
What is the largest Dolcetto appellation?
Dolcetto d'Alba DOC [not a DOCG]
124
What side of which river lies Barbera d'Alba DOC?
both sides of Tanaro river (Lower Lange on right and Hills of Roero on left)
125
What is the scope of the Langhe DOC?
broad, catch-all appellation; probably done in absence of any Piemonte IGT's
126
What are the most interesting varietals made in the Langhe DOC?
Nebbiolo, Dolcetto, Arnesi and Chardonnay [less prestigious bargains]
127
What is the scope of the Langhe Nebbiolo DOC?
Declassified Barolo and Barbaresco
128
What are the main grapes in Roero?
Nebbiolo, Arneis, Barbera and Favorita
129
What is the geological import of the rocche?
precipitous rocky cliffs in Roero Hills that run southwest to northeast separating the alluvial soil of western plain from sandier plan in east central hills (where vineyards are)
130
Describe the rainfall in Roero.
Dry, double rain shadow
131
Roero DOCG is based what grapes?
Nebbiolo [not Arneis which is the base of Roero Arneis DOCG]
132
What is aging requirement for Nebbiolo in Roero DOCG?
20 months (riserva 32 months) with at least 6 months in oak [vs. 38/62/12 in Barolo, basically half]
133
What was the role of Cerretto producer?
developed Arneis into highly reputable grape (after Giacosa and Vietti)
134
Compare sizes of Barolo and Barbaresco?
Barolo is larger
135
Vermouth box
***
136
What soils does Barolo prefer?
calcareous marls (Tortonian)
137
Where is Freisa most frequently planted?
near Torino and Asti
138
What is etymology of Nebbiolo?
from nebbia meaning fog, fog in the hills or white bloom on grapes
139
Monferrato is associated with which provinces?
Asti and Alessandria
140
What areas are included in the UNESCO World Heritage site for man and vine in Piemonte?
Monferrato, Langhe and Roero Hills
141
What are the areas of Monferrato?
3: Basso Monferrato, Monferrato Astigiano, Alto Monferrato
142
Which grapes are traditionally considered from Monferrato?
Cortese, Barbera, Grignolino [BCG] (probably Ruche as well, but not Timorasso)
143
What are the soil types of Monferrato?
Terre Bianche; Sabbie Astiane, Terre Rosse
144
What is Terre Bianche?
soil of Monferrato, alternating sand, sandstone and calcareous marl
145
What is Terre Rosse?
in Alto Monferrato, iron, magnesium and clay
146
What is Sabbie Astiane?
sandy soil along Tanaro River in central part of Monferrato Astigiano.
147
What is Piemonte's largest red appellation?
Barbera d'Asti DOCG
148
What is Piemonte's largest appellation?
Asti DOCG, white spumante
149
Dolcetto is most likely found in which hills?
Langhe Hills, not Roero
150
What is difference between Barbera d'Asti and Barbera d'Alba appellations?
Asti DOCG, Alba DOC; Asti larger;
151
Characterize the soils of Barbera d'Asti.
North: calcareous marl and sabbie astiane; South: terre bianche
152
Barbera is most likely to be given best sites for planting in which area?
Monferrato - Barbera d'Asti (Lange Hills - Alba gives best sites to Nebbiolo)
153
What is difference between Barbera d'Asti and Barbera d'Alba wine structure?
Asti is fruitier, more mineral and more acidic (due to better sites?)
154
What are the sub-zones of Barbera d'Asti Superiore DOCG?
Tinella and Colli Astiani
155
What sub-zone of Barbera d'Asti Superiore DOCG was elevated to its own DOCG?
Nizza
156
Where are the sub-zones of Barbera d'Asti Superiore DOCG located with respect to Asti?
south of Asti (east of Alba)
157
Which Barbera appellation requires 100% Barbera?
Nizza, not Barbera d'Asti or Barbera d'Alba
158
What is the aging requirement of Nizza?
18 months, 6 months in oak; reserve: 30 months, 12 months in oak.
159
What styles are allowed for Brachetto d'Acqui DOCG?
frizzante, spumante and passito (usually sparking)
160
What structure is expected for Brachetto d'Acqui DOCG?
light in body and low in alcohol
161
What is the traditional/most common style allowed for Freisa d'Asti DOC?
off-dry, frizzante [FFF]
162
What is the structure of Freisa d'Asti DOC?
pale, ruby color, high in acidity and tannin
163
What town is the major production center of Asti DOCG?
Canelli
164
What soil dominates in Asti DOCG?
terre bianche
165
What training method is used in Asti DOCG?
Guyot
166
What is the role of mechanical harvesting in Asti DOCG?
none, 30-50% gradients in vineyards
167
What is the aging potential of Asti DOCG wine?
none, aromatics would not be preserved
168
What is unique about the Asti method of sparkling wine?
no still, dry base; single fermentation used to preserve aromatics
169
What is the difference of cork between Asti DOCG and Moscato d'Asti DOCG?
Asti: mushroom cork; M d'A: normal cork [but harder to pull]
170
What is the difference of alcohol between Asti DOCG and Moscato d'Asti DOCG?
Asti: 7-9.5; M d'A: lower 5-5.5
171
What is the difference of vintage dating between Asti DOCG and Moscato d'Asti DOCG?
Asti: none; M d'A: required
172
What is the difference of pressure between Asti DOCG and Moscato d'Asti DOCG?
Asti: 5-6 atm; M d'A: 2.5 [small producers, lower pressure, vintage required, lower alcohol]
173
What is the difference of producers between Asti DOCG and Moscato d'Asti DOCG?
Asti: large scale producers and cooperatives; M d'A: small scale producers
174
What are the sub-zones of Moscato d'Asti DOCG?
Canelli, Santa Vittoria d'Alba and Strevi [moSCAto]
175
What is the historic production area for Barbera?
Nizza
176
What is the production zone for Barbera del Monferrato DOC?
All of Asti province and a large part of Alessandria province, but most grapes are from Alessandria
177
What are 3 differences between Barbera del Monferrato DOC and superiore DOCG?
a) best and ripest grapes; b) production requirements: yields, alcohol, extract aging; c) DOCG: still red superiore; DOC: still and frizzante
178
The traditional home of Cortese is which town of which area of which sub-zone of which region?
town of Gavi, in Alto Monferrato in province of Alessandria in Piemonte
179
What is the climate of Gavi DOCG?
continental
180
What is the soil of Gavi DOCG?
terre bianche and terre rosse
181
What are the additional requirements of Gavi DOCG riserva?
sourced from a single vineyard, aged for a year
182
What are the blending partners allowed in Gavi DOCG?
none, 100% Cortese
183
What is role MGA's in Gavi DOCG?
allowed, small percentage [allows Gavi di Gavi which is Cortese!]
184
Dolcetto di Ovada DOC/G partially overlaps what appellation?
Gavi DOCG
185
What are differences between Dolcetto di Ovada DOC and superiore DOCG?
DOCG is 100% (vs 97%) and minimum of 20 months of aging (vs. none)
186
What are dominant grapes in Colli Tortonesi?
Barbera, Dolcetto, Cortese (Timorasso is a minor, but interesting varietal) [BCD]
187
What are the sub-zones of Colli Tortonesi?
2, Colli Tortonesi Monleale DOC and Colli Tortonesi Terre di Libarna DOC
188
What grape is associated with Colli Tortonesi Monleale DOC?
Barbera
189
What grape is associated with Colli Tortonesi Terre di Libarna DOC?
Timorasso (95% minimum)
190
What is classic area for Grignolino?
Grignolino del Monferrato Casalese DOC
191
What is the blending partner for Grignolino in Grignolino del Monferrato Casalese DOC?
Freisa
192
What side of which river lies Barbera d'Alba DOC?
none, 14 months aging with 6 months in oak
193
What is aging requirement for Gavi DOCG Riserva?
one year
194
Sparkling Gavi uses what production method?
traditional method
195
What is added to Gavi production in cool years?
MCR (Mosto Concentrato Rettificato) from Cortese grapes within appellation
196
Giulia Falletti is associated with which appellation?
Barolo DOCG, helped fashion modern dry style of Barolo
197
Name a Dolcetto appellation not located in the Langhe Hills?
Dolcetto di Ovada DOC and superiore DOCG
198
Name Piemonte appellations that use MGA's designations.
Barolo DOCG, Barbaresco DOCG, Diano d'Alba DOCG,
| Gavi DOCG, *** others
199
Name aromatic grapes from Piemonte.
Brachetto, Ruche, Moscato Bianco, Timorasso, others? ***
200
Where do you find terre blanche soils?
Langhe Hills, Monferrato (esp. Asti DOCG) [not Roero]
201
What are the principal grape varieties grown in Roero DOCG?
Nebbiolo and Arneis
202
Which Piemonte appellation produces the most wine by volume?
Asti/Moscato d'Asti DOCG (one of the largest in Italy with almost 100 million bottles)
203
What is the difference between Canavese and Casalese?
CaNavese is appellation in Northern Piemonte; CasaLese refers to Basso Monferrato [N>north; L>lower basso
204
Name 7 need to know appellations of Monferrato Astigiano.
Barbera d'Asti DOCG, Nizza DOCG, Ruche di Castagnole Monferrato DOCG, Acqui DOCG, Freisa di Asti DOC, Grignolino di Asti DOC, Asti DOCG, [BARGAIN-FFF]
205
Name the need to know appellations of Alto Monferrato.
Barbera del Monferrato DOC (Superiore DOCG), Ovada, Gavi DOCG, Colli Tortonesi DOC, Grignolino del Monferrato Casalese
206
In the Piemonte, how much of the vineyard is planted on the plains?
none
207
What was the first Italian region to highlight the importance of single vineyards?
Piemonte (in Diano d'Alba)
208
Where does the Sesia River start and end?
starts in Northern Alps, Monte Rosa in Valle d'Aoste, and flows into Po River near Casale Monferrato
209
What is significance of Bormida for wine?
Historically and again more recently, Dolcetto is grown in the Bormida Valley, in the Alta Langa, an area of heroic viticulture with steep slopes and terraces.
210
What are the Dolcetto DOCG appellations?
3, Langhe: Dogliani DOCG, Diano d'Alba DOCG; Monferrato: Ovada DOCG
211
What are the two largest Piemonte appellations in terms of production volume? Are they red or white?
Asti DOCG (white) and Barbera d'Asti DOCG (red)
212
What are the three largest Barbera appellations in terms of production volume?
Barbera d'Asti DOCG, ???, Barbera del Monferrato (Superiore DOCG and Barbera del Monferrato DOC)
213
What are the three largest Dolcetto appellations in terms of production volume?
Dolcetto di Alba DOC, ???, Ovada (DOC/DOCG)
214
Name the need to know appellations for Grignolino.
Grignolino di Asti DOC (Monferrato Astigiano), Gignolino del Monferrato Casalese DOC (Basso Monferrato)
215
What is wine significance of Monleale?
1 of 2 sub zones of Colli Tortonesi DOC, Colli Tortonesi Monleale DOC and Colli Tortonesi Terre di Libarna DOC
216
What is wine significance of Terre di Libarna?
1 of 2 sub zones of Colli Tortonesi DOC, Colli Tortonesi Monleale DOC and Colli Tortonesi Terre di Libarna DOC
217
Explain the classification system of MGA?
it is not a classification system, but a geographic designation.
218
What is an MGA?
menzioni geografiche aggiuntive, a list of geographic designations allowed to appear on the label
219
What is the size difference of the appellations Asti DOCG and Moscato d'Asti DOCG?
none, overlap
220
What is geraniol?
aromatic compound of Moscato Bianco, geranium, rose and lavender; does not age and turns unpleasantly sharp
221
What is the minimum percentage of Dolcetto in the DOCG appellations?
all 100%, Dogliani DOCG - 100%, Diano d'Alba DOCG - 100%; Ovada DOCG - 100% (97% in DOC)
222
What side of which river lies Dogliani DOCG?
vineyards on both sides of the Tanaro River; village on right bank
223
What side of which river lies Barbera d'Asti Superiore DOCG?
14 months (with at least 6 months in oak) ???
224
Who is Gancia?
first to produce fully sparkling Moscato, 2nd half of 19th century [p]
225
What was contribution of Camilo Benso?
first Prime Minister of Italy, also helped fashion the dry style of Barolo known today
226
What was contribution of Louis Oudart?
French enologist that contributed to dry style of Barolo
227
What was contribution of Franco Ziliani?
Franco Ziliani (born 1956 in Milan) is an outspoken (criticized Gaja) Italian wine critic
228
Historically, what color grapes dominated in Gavi?
red [!], was Dolcetto before phylloxera (in other locales, Dolcetto was replaced by Barbera
