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Year 3 > Pig MOD > Flashcards

Pig MOD Flashcards

1
Q

Give some infectious causes of pig skin disease

A 
Sarcoptic mange 
Septicemia 
Greasy pig 
Swine pox 
Ringworm 
Treponema
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2
Q

Describe Sarcoptic mange in pigs

A

Most common parasitic disease
Sarcoptes scabiei var suis
Encrusted lesions on legs, ears and body. Pruritus
Treat with Avermectins
Requires deep skin scrapings for diagnosis
Similar to hypersensitive form caused by mites
Boars a problem – can be difficult to treat due to deep lesions, and they transfer infection to sows at service

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3
Q

What causes Glassers disease?

A

Haemophilus parasuis

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4
Q

What effect does Glassers disease have on the pig?

A

Attacks the smooth surfaces of the joints, coverings of the intestine, lungs, heart and brain causing pneumonia, pericarditis (heart sac infection), peritonitis and pleurisy.
It is respiratory spread.

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5
Q

What is the name of the common pig louse?

Describe it

A 
Haematopinus suis
Rare on farms, more common in ‘back yard farms’ 
Large, similar in size to house fly
Eggs seen on hairs 
Pruritus
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6
Q

Which areas are common biting sites in pigs?

A

Flanks, ears, tails and vulva

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7
Q

What kinds of skin lesions are seen in pigs?

A

SHOULDER SORES: associated with weight loss during lactation and rough surfaces
LOWER LIMB ABRASIONS
STIFLE SORES: mainly in fast growing finishers, kept at high density, no bedding
TEAT NECROSIS in piglets: can affect future breeding potential. Can stick tissue paper over front 6 teats at birth

Treatment: removal from offending area, and soft, comfortable bedding and surroundings

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8
Q

Which bacteria causes swine dysentry?

A

Brachyspira hyodysenteriae

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9
Q

Which bacteria causes digital dermatitis?

A

Treponema

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10
Q

Give some non-infectious causes of pig skin lesions

A

Sunburn-blistering and ulceration
Transit erythema-scalding by urine or chemicals
Hyperkeratosis-water trough overhead leads to stagnant humid atmosphere. Flaking of dorsal skin, no clinical importance

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11
Q

Hoe can you prevent piglets biting?

A

Straw bedding, toys eg chains

Farm assurance legislation now ensures pigs must have playthings which they can chew and destroy

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12
Q

What causes greasy pig disease?

A

Staphylococcus hyicus

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13
Q

Describe greasy pig disease

A

Chronic or acute
Dermatitis with greasy dark brown exudate over eyes, snout, chin, ears
Produces toxins which are absorbed into the system and damage the liver and kidneys, can be fatal
Non-pruritic
Common in piglets 5-35 days old
The bacterium multiplies profusely in sow’s vagina so piglets are infected during/after the birth process
Exotoxin produces cleavage between S.corneum and S.granulosum, loss of keratinocyte cell-cell adhesion in superficial epidermis, leaves skin open to secondary infection

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14
Q

How can you treat Greasy Pig disease?

A

Parenteral antibiotics eg amoxycillin

Mild cases- skin sanitiser eg Savlon

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15
Q

What causes ringworm in pigs?

A

Trichophyton mentagrophytes

Involves contact with rodents

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16
Q

What is epitheliogenesis imperfecta?

A

Absence of epidermis or mucosal epithelium
Congenital
Commonly on legs or flanks

17
Q

Describe porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS)

A

Mainly growers and finishers
Mortality=15%
Extensive greasy brown, purplish red slightly raised blotches of various shapes and sizes over the chest, abdomen, thighs and forelegs. Majority of pigs with extensive skin blotching die.
Depressed, loss of appetite, fever, immobile/reluctant to move
Can affect kidneys

18
Q

Describe swine dysentry

A

Causes severe inflammation of the large intestine with a bloody mucous diarrhoea
Common in pigs from 12-75kg
Incubation period= 7-14 days - 60 days
Pigs can be carriers which show clinical disease when stressed/change in feed
Develop immunity
High cost to farmers-low feed conversion rates, costs of continual in-feed medication
Difficult to eradicate from herd

19
Q

What are the clinical signs of swine dysentry in piglets and weaners/growers?

A

Piglets:

  • Severe acute dysentry
  • Sloppy light brown faeces with/without mucous/blood
  • Loss of condition

Weaners/growers

  • Sloppy diarrhoea (initially contains jelly-like mucous, becomes watery. -May contain blood)
  • Tail twitching
  • Hollowing of flanks, poor condition
  • Dehydrated, sunken eyes
  • Sometimes sudden death
20
Q

Describe brachyspira infection in pigs

A

Very resistant
Invades intestinal epithelium (particularly caecum, colon)
Produces toxins
Decreased reabsorption -> diarrhoea

21
Q

How do pigs become infected with brachyspira?

A

Ingestion of infected faeces from carrier pigs
May enter the farm through introduction of carrier pigs, machinery, boots, birds
Can be spread by flies, dogs, mice, birds
Poor sanitation and wet pens enhance the disease
Overcrowding

22
Q

How do you diagnose porcine brachyspira infection?

A

History
Clinical signs
PM
Gram-stained faecal or colonic smears (to rule out other organisms)
Fluorescent antibody tests on faecal smears

23
Q

How can you reduce spread of brachyspira?

A 
Prevent entry and/or spread
Prevent entry to slurry pits 
Control flies
Strategic medication with lincomycin in drinking water as soon as signs develop for at least 7 days. Inject badly infected pigs with lincomycin for 4 days.
Reduce movement and handling of pigs
Foot baths for farm staff
Avoid overcrowding
Isolate and quarantine incoming pigs
24
Q

Which bacteria causes Porcine Proliferative Enteritis (PPE) and Haemorrhagic Bowel Syndrome (HBS)?

A

Lawsonia intracellularis

25
Q

Compare Porcine Proliferative Enteritis (PPE) with Haemorrhagic Bowel Syndrome (HBS)

A

Both caused by Lawsonia intracellularis
PPE: bloody diarrhoea and sudden death with acute disease. Thickening of ileal walls. Finisher pigs.
HBS: no diarrhoea. Less frequent than PPE. Grower pigs. Thinning of ileal walls with haemorrhage.

26
Q

Which types of E.coli cause diarrhoea in piglets?

A

K88 fimbrial types

27
Q

Give the clinical signs of oedema disease in pigs

A

Anorexia
Ataxia
Stupor (near unconsciousness)
Oedema kd face and eyelids -> puffy/sleepy appearance

28
Q

Which clostridial species are associated with diarrhoeal disease?

A

C.difficile

C.perfringens

29
Q

Briefly give the effects of type A and C clostridium perfringens

A

Type A: low grade chronic diarrhoea

Type C: early colonisation of neonatal piglets can result in acute high mortality disease

30
Q

Which strain of clostridium results in ‘aero chocolate’ liver?
How is it formed?

A

C.novyi

Migration of bacteria from gut to liver -> toxins produced in liver -> necrotic/gangrene-like lesions

31
Q

What is the most common serovar of Salmonella in pigs?

A

S. Typhimurium

32
Q

Which 2 strains of Campylobacter cause porcine enteritis?

A

C.coli and C.mucosalis

33
Q

Transmissible gastroenteritis is caused by which virus?

A

Coronavirus (enveloped RNA virus)

34
Q

Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome (PMWS) is associated with which virus?

A

Circovirus

35
Q

Infection with which helminths is associated with diarrhoea in pigs?

A

Trichuris suis
Ascaris suum
Strongyloides in piglets

Year 3 (28 decks)

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