pil Flashcards
(25 cards)
A mathematician and scientist, he was credited with formulating the Pythagorean theorem. His work earned him many followers, and he established a community of learners who were devoted to the study of religion and philosophy.
Pythagoras (570 BCE- 495 BCE)
He proposed that everything that exists is based on a higher order or plan which he called logos. For him, change is a permanent aspect of the human condition as he was credited in the saying, “No man ever steps in the same river twice, for it is not the same river and he is not the same man”.
Heraclitus (535 BCE- 475 BCE)
He devoted himself to the study of the causes of natural phenomena. He was among the first to propose that matter is composed of tiny particles called atoms.
Democritus (460 BCE- 370 BCE)
He was known advocate of living a simple and virtuous life. On should not only talk of virtue but should show it in words and actions. His teachings and views were later developed by his followers and influenced the development of several schools of philosophy such as Cynicism and Stoicism.
Diogenes of Sinope (412 BCE- 323 BCE)
He believed that philosophy could enable man to live a life of happiness. .
Epicurus (341 BCE- 270 BCE)
He was considered the foremost philosopher of ancient times. He made great contribution to the field of ethics. He was credited with formulating the Socratic Method– a means of examining a topic devising a series of questions that let the learner examine and analyze his knowledge and views regarding the topic.
Socrates (470 BCE- 399 BCE)
his most significant ideas included Theory of Forms, which proposes that everything that exist is based on an idea or template that can only be perceived in the mind. Plato is also known for his dialectic– a method of inquiry where two opposing ideas are discussed in an attempt to arrive at new knowledge.
Plato’s
For him, all ideas and views are based on perception and our reality isbased on what we can sense and perceive. His studies in logic led to the formulation of a formal process of analyzing reasoning which give rise to deductive reasoning-the process by which specific statements are analysed to reach a conclusion or generalization.
Aristotle (384 BCE- 322 BCE)
the process by which specific statements are analysed to reach a conclusion or generalization.
deductive reasoning-
Plato’s most significant ideas included __________, which proposes that everything that exist is based on an idea or template that can only be perceived in the mind.
Theory of Forms
Plato is also known for his _______ a method of inquiry where two opposing ideas are discussed in an attempt to arrive at new knowledge.Plato is also known for his dialectic– a method of inquiry where two opposing ideas are discussed in an attempt to arrive at new knowledge.
dialectic–
He traced man’s need to philosophize to his sense of wonder. Whenever we are confronted with an experience, we always wonder how it came about. This perspective drives the need of a philosopher to question, examine, and learn more.
According to Plato:
He traced the need to philosophize to doubt. He was famous for rejecting or questioning established ideas, and he even went as far as doubting his own ideas. His method of examining ideas and perspectives became the basis of critical thinking and analysis in the sciences.
According to Rene Descartes:
He saw the need to philosophize because of experience. He believed that man is often confronted by experiences which challenge his ideas and frameworks. For him, philosophy provides us a means to understand adverse or challenging conditions, and to rise above them and gain new knowledge and perspectives.
According to Karl Jaspers:
The need to philosophize is driven by the love for wisdom. To love wisdom is to have an insatiable desire for truth. By expanding our knowledge through philosophy, we begin to realize that learning is unceasing– there is a lot more to learn and experience in life.
According to Socrates:
The philosophy which deals with beauty and what makes things “beautiful”
AESTHETICS
The branch of philosophy which deals with correct reasoning.
LOGIC
It discusses the nature of knowledge and knowing.
EPISTEMOLOGY
A branch of philosophy which deals with moral questions and dilemmas.
ETHICS
It studies governments and deals with questions of justice, power and the rights and obligations of citizens.
POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY
A branch of philosophy which deals with questions regarding reality and existence.
METAPHYSICS
An area in philosophy that understands the human person from a philosophical perspective– integrating and synthesizing the different branches of philosophy and other fields of study to know the truth about the human person.
PHILOSOPHY OF THE HUMAN PERSON
refers to a perspective that considers a large-scale patterns in systems. A holistic perspective requires an individual to have an open mindset and ability to get the general sense or impression regarding a situation.
Holistic Thinking
focuses on specific aspects of a situation. The partial view is an important component of analytical thinking, as an individual focuses on certain areas or aspects of a problem in order to understand it.
Partial Thinking
