pituitary, hertz

Question 1

what is bitemporal hemianopsia

Answer 1

lose peripheral vision from pressure on optic chiasm

Question 2

signs of cerebral edema

Answer 2

HA nausea and vomiting

Question 3

what should optic nerve look like

Answer 3

sharply demarcated

Question 4

women with white discharge from nipples and HA and elevate prolactin

Answer 4

pituitary adenoma

Question 5

most common cause hyperpituitarism

Answer 5

adenoma in anterior lobe

Question 6

what pituitary cell secretes prolactin

Answer 6

lactotroph

Question 7

what pituitary cell secretes GH

Answer 7

somatotroph

Question 8

what pituitary cell secretes prolactin and GH

Answer 8

mamosomatotroph

Question 9

what secretes ACTH

Answer 9

corticotroph

Question 10

what secretes FSH and LH

Answer 10

gonadotroph

Question 11

what is the activating mutation in GH adenomas

Answer 11

GNAS

Question 12

what is the activating mutation in pituitary carcinomas

Answer 12

HRAS

Question 13

what germline inactivating mutation can occur in GH and prolactin adenomas

Answer 13

protein kinase A, regulatory subunit 1

Question 14

cyclin D1 mutation means what for prognosis of pituitary adenoma

Answer 14

bad. very aggressive

Question 15

MEN1 mutation can lead to what

Answer 15

GH prolactin, ACTH adenomas

Question 16

you find a huge huge adenoma in pituitary, most likely?

Answer 16

non functional

the smaller ones are biologically active

Question 17

pituitary usually has what type collagen in in

Answer 17

collagen IV- reticulin

Question 18

what are local mass effects of hyperpituitarism

Answer 18

visual field abnormalities, signs and Sx of elevated intracranial P and hypopituitarism

Question 19

What is pituitary apoplexy

Answer 19

stroke in pituitary can be caused by acute hemorrhage

Question 20

what do high levels of prolactin cause

Answer 20

amennorhea, glactorrhea, loss of libido, infertility

Question 21

why is pituitary adenoma more Dx in women

Answer 21

sensitivity of menses disruption between ages 20 and 40

Question 22

see dense core granules on electrom microscopy

Answer 22

know from endocrine source

Question 23

second most common type of functioning pituitary adenoma

Answer 23

somatotroph secreting GH

Question 24

what causes gigantism and acromegaly

Answer 24

GH secreting adehoma

Question 25

increased levels of GH cause what

Answer 25

stimulate secretion IGF-1

Question 26

what is difference of gigantism and acromegaly

Answer 26

gigantism is before epiphysis closed.

Question 27

What occurs in acromegaly

Answer 27

coarsening of facial features. enlarged soft tissues, large hnads and feet

Question 28

what is hyperostosis

Answer 28

increase in bone desity

Question 29

what is prognathism

Answer 29

enlargements of the jaw and protrusion of jaw

Question 30

GH secreting tumor can lead to what other complications

Answer 30

DM, muscle weakness, HTN, arthritis, CHF, increased risk of GI cancers

Question 31

how do we Dx GH adenoma

Answer 31

detect elevated IGF-1 and GH levels.

Question 32

what is the most sensitive test for acromegaly

Answer 32

failure to suppress GH production with oral load of glucose

Question 33

what are the effects of glucose on GH secretion

Answer 33

should decrease GH secretion

Question 34

What is Cushing syndrome

Answer 34

hypercotisolism. escess ACTH

Question 35

what do corticotroph adenomas look like histo

Answer 35

basophilic with dense granules and sometimes sparsely granulated stain with PAS because have POMC

Question 36

Gonadotroph adenomas are most frequently found in what population?

Answer 36

middle aged men and women when they become large enough to cause neurologic Sx like impaired vision, HA, diplopia or pituitary apoplexy

Question 37

impaired secretion of LH can cause what in men and women

Answer 37

decreased energy and libido in men | amenorrhea in premenopausal women

Question 38

Thyrotroph adenomas can cause what

Answer 38

hyperthyroidism

Question 39

majority of pituitary tumors are what kind

Answer 39

nonfunctining

Question 40

what Signs and Sx do you see in nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas

Answer 40

mass effects

Question 41

2 distinct morphologic features of most adenomas

Answer 41

cellular monomorphism and absence of reticulin network

Question 42

TsH increased?

Answer 42

hypothyroidism

Question 43

primary cause of pituitary insufficiency

Answer 43

trauma, subarachnoid hemorrhage

Question 44

what occurs with children who have GH deficiency

Answer 44

pituitary dwarfism

Question 45

What occurs in TSH and ACTH deficiencies

Answer 45

hypothyroidism and hypoadrenalism

Question 46

how come lose skin color in hypopituitarism

Answer 46

because loss of sitmulatory effects of MSH on melanocytes

Question 47

What is DI

Answer 47

deficiency in ADH | excessive urination

Question 48

What is SIADH

Answer 48

ADH excess causing hyponatremia

Question 49

where does ADH work

Answer 49

collecting tubules of kidney

Question 50

what tumor can cause SIADH

Answer 50

oat cell carcinoma or small cell carcinoma

Question 51

what are differences of DI central vs nephrogenic

Answer 51

central is at level of ADH secretion, nephrogenic is response to ADH

Question 52

if find tumor in pituitary and when aspirated find dark oil that comes out what is it and why is it dark?

Answer 52

craniopharyngioma | breakdown of keratin produces dark color with cholesterol breakdown

Question 53

which cranipharyngioma demonstates calcifications

Answer 53

the adamantinomatous not papillary

Question 54

what are spherule calcifications in epithelium called

Answer 54

psamomma bodies

Question 55

prognosis of those with craniopharyngiomas

Answer 55

good survival, not recurrence if less than 5 cm | larger lesions still good prognosis but more invasive