PLAN / CAT Flashcards

(96 cards)

1
Q

CAT OPEN FRACTURE

A
STAND
Splint
Tetanus shot
Atb: cephalo 1 + aminoglyc
Neurovasc status
Dressings
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2
Q

Cat acute contusion/ sprain

A
RICE
Rest
Ice
Compression
Elevation
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3
Q

When not to suture laceration

A
  1. Delayed presentation (>6-8h)
  2. Puncture wound
  3. Mammalian bite
  4. Crush injury or retained foreign body
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4
Q

Evaluation comatose patient

A
5 N
Noggin
Neck
eNt
Needles
Neuro
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5
Q

Asthma attack

A
ASTHMA
Adrenergics (beta-ago) +- Anti-cholinergic
STeroids
Hydration
Mask O2
Atb (if infection)
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6
Q

Universal antidotes

A
DONT
Dextrose
O2
Naloxone
Thiamine
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7
Q

Tx IUT non-compliqué

A

3 JOURS

  • TMP-SMX (septra) 1 co BID = 1ere ligne sauf si resistance >20%
  • Quinolone -> Cipro 250 mg BID

7JOURS

  • Nitrofurantoin -> Macrobid 100mg bid
  • Beta-lactame
    • > clavulin 500mg bid
    • > cefadroxil (duricef) 500 mg bid
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8
Q

Tx PNA ET IUT COMPLIQUÉS

A
Oral x 14 jours*
- Quinolone 
   -> cipro: 500 mg bid 
   -> levofloxacine (levaquin) 500 mg die
R/O grossesse**
IV (cas graves = Hospit)
- Quinolone
   -> Cipro 400 mg IV Bid
   -> Levaquin 500 mg IV bid
- Aminoside/cephalo + ampicilline
Switch PO des possible**
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9
Q

Bilan dx demence

A
  • FSC, E, creat,
  • Ca, albumine
  • bilan hepatique
  • TSH, B12

Selon FR

  • VDRL, VIH
  • RXP, Tropo
  • A/c urine
  • Scan cerebral
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10
Q

HyperK

A

C BIG K Drop

  • Ca gluconate (stabilise)
  • Bicarb de Na ou Insuline c glucose ou albuterol (intracell)
  • Kayexalate
  • Dialyse
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11
Q

Tx Bronchite aigue

A

1 support

ATB si toux > 10 jr
**jamais 2 x ATB -> hyperteactivite bronches
-Azithro (Biaxin) 500 mg jour #1 puis 250 mg x 4 jr
-clarithro (Zithromax) 500 mg Bid x 7 jr
** cible = atypiques

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12
Q

Investigations poussée HTA

A

E/p: coeur, poumon, FO, neuro

Labo: FSC, creat, BUN,
ECG
A/U

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13
Q

Tx TSVP crise aigue

A
  1. Manoeuvres vagales
    2.Adenosine 6 mg push + salin + lève bras
    Puis 12 mg
    Puis 18 mg
  2. Bb
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14
Q

Tx OAP

A
LMNOP
Lasix
Morphine
Nitrate
O2 
Positive pressure, Position assise
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15
Q

Tx PAR

A
  1. AINS
  2. Biphosphonate + Cortico (temporaire)
  3. DMARDS : Hydroxychloroquine, Sulfasalazine, leflunomide, Mtx
    * echec -> ADR ciblé (Tofacitinib) ou tx bio c anti-TNF (infiximab), anti-IL6 (tocilizumab), CTLA4 Ig (Abatacept), anti-CD20 (Rifuximab)
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16
Q

Critères de dialyse

A
AEIOU
Acidose
Electrolytes - hyperK
Intox (Clairance lente: ASA, lithium, ROH, tout Rx)
Overload
Uremie (Sx)
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17
Q

Tx sialolithiase

A

Bonbons surettes

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18
Q

Tx pharmaco TDAH

A

1ere ligne

  • Psycho stim lge actn
    • > Amphetamines: Adderall, Vyvansd
    • > Methylphenidate: Biphentin, Concerta, novo-methylphen.
  • non-psychostin lge actn
    • > Atomoxetine : Strattera
    • > Guanfacine: Intuniv

2e ligne

  • Psychostim courte/interm duree actn
    • > Amphetamine: Dexedrine
    • > Methylphenidate: Ritalin
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19
Q

EAMPOC simple

Tx atb

A
Amox 500 mg TID x7jr
ou
Cefuroxime (ceftin) 500mg BID x 7 jr
ou
Clarithro (Biaxin) 500 mg BId x 7jr
ou
Doxycycline (Vibra-tabs) 100 mg bid x10jr
ou
Tmpsmx (Septra) 1 co bid x 10jr
ou
Azithro (Zithromax) 500 mg die jr 1 puis250 mg die x 4 jr

2e ligne

  • clavulin 875 mg bid
  • Levaquin 500 mg die x 7 jr
  • Moxiflo (Avelox) 400 mg die x 5 j
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20
Q

TX EAMPOC COMPLEXE atb

A

1er

  • Levo (levaquin): 500mg die x7 jr
  • Moxi (A elox) 400 mg die x 5jr
  • Clavulin 875 mg bud x 7 jr

2e
-Cipro: 500-750 mg bid x 7-10 jr

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21
Q

PRISE EN CHARGE EAMPOC

A
  1. ABC
  2. Cortico systemique: dim durée hospit
  3. Atb
  4. O2
  5. Bronchodil si pas pris
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22
Q

Prise en charge migraine

A
  1. Non-pharm: eviter declencheur, relaxer, TCC, biofeedback
  2. Prevention: bb, bcc, TCA, Valproate
  3. Pharm:
    - anti-inflam: acetam, ains, narco
    - ago rctr 5HT1: derives de l’ergo, triptans
    - antago rcptr D2
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23
Q

Tx pharmaco IRC

A
  1. IECA
  2. Lasix
  3. BCC
  4. Tx adjoint
    - tx dlp
    - tx db
    - contrôle complications
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24
Q

Tx 1ere ligne ICC

A

Diurétique + IECA + BB
+_ inotrope
+_ VD

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25
Bilan de base HTA
- FSC, E, creat - TSH - Bilan lipidique - HbA1C - A/U
26
Tx local dermatophytes
1. Azolés: ketoconazole ou clotrimazole x 4-6 sem 2. Crème: Lamisil x 2 sem 3. Laque: ciclipiroxolamine x 1an
27
Tx systemique dermatophytes
1. Teigne: Terbinafide (lamisil), Itraconazole, Flucobazole 2. Ongles: lamisil + sporanox PO 3. Peau: lamisil
28
Tx tinea versicolor
1. Local - azoles topique: crème ketoconazole ou clotrimazole 2. Étendue -shampoing: nizoral, selsun ET -itraconazole/fluconazole/pramocazole
29
Tx folliculite
1. Culture 2. Savon chlorhexidine 3. ATB - topique: Bactroban, Fucidin - PO: cloxacilline, erythromycine
30
Tx furoncle
1. Culture 2. Drainage 3. ATB: sulfa si sévère/cellulite/FR
31
Tx impetigo
1. Hygiène, non-partage des serviettes 2. Culture 3. ATB - topique: bactroban, fucidin - PO: cloxacilline, clavulin
32
Tx cellulite
ATB po - Cephalo 1G - Cloxacilline - PNC: si infection certaine à strept - clavulin: <5 ans
33
Tx erythrasma
ATB topique - clinda - Erythro (ou PO) - Fucidin - Peroxyde benzoyle - Azoles
34
Tx rhinosinusite aigue
1. Antipyrétiques, analgésiques 2. Hygiène nasale >BID 3. Decongestionnant topique faible dose qd congestion la +imp x10 jr
35
Tx rhinosinusite bacterienne aigue
1er: - Amox 500mg Po TID x5jr 2e: - Clavulin: 500/125 mg PO TID x 7jr - Levofloxacine: 500 mg po diex10jr - Moxifloxacine: 400mg PO die x5 jr
36
Tx ulcere gastrique perforé
``` 1. Resuscitation + TNG + laparotomie immédiate une fois stable 2. Analgesique 3. Atb iv large spectre ```
37
Tests à demander si abdomen aigu
Pour dx: - ALT, AST, ALP, BILI - Amylase, lipase - a/u - beta-hcg - Tropo, lactate Pour prep salle d'op - fsc, E, bun, Creat, glucose - RxP - ECG - INR/Ptt
38
Tx RGO
1. IPP(+ efficace), anti-acides, anti-H2 2. Diete: eviter ROH, cafe, epices, tomate, citrus... 3. HDV: perte poids, lever tête du lit (sx nocturne)
39
Investigations RGO
#1 dx clinique + rps essai therapeutique c IPP Si echec, ou red flags, ou hx aN => endoscopie Manimetrie: pre-op fundiplicature (dx peristaltisme aN ou dim tonus LES) pH metrie 24h: que si echec essai therapeutique et gastroscopie neg
40
Tx candida oral
1. Rince bouche nystatin + avaler | 2. Ketoconazole ou fluconazole
41
Tx oesophagite eosinophilique
1. Diete 2. Avaler CSN (fluticasone) 3. Avaler cortico visqueux (budenoside + sucralase)
42
Investigations dyspepsie
1. FSC, 2. Bilan hepatique, amylase, Lipase 3. E, Creat 4. Ca, albumine 5. TSH 6. EPP 7. Serologie H. Pylori
43
Approche maladie ulcéreuse peptique
1. D/c AINS, tabac 2. Neutraliser: IPP 3. Tx HP: triple therapie
44
Approche suspicion saignement par ulcère peptique
1. ABC + resuscitation 2. Labo: FSC, E, BUN, Creat, INR, type sanguin 3. TNG + aspiration 4. Pantoloc IV: 80 mg + 8 mg/h infusion continue 5. Endoscopie (prep: Erythromycine 250mg 30 min avant)
45
Tx h pylori
Triple therapie x 7-14 jr = Hp-Pac: IPP bid + amox 1g bid + clarithromycine 500 mg bid Quadruple tx que si haute resistance clarithro/metronidazole -IPP bid + bismuth 525 mg qid + tetracyclibe 500 mg qid + metronidazole 250mg qid
46
Investigations diarrhée chronique
1. Analyse selles: toxine c diff, cult, gap osm, gras fecal, Gb 2. Sang: fsc, E, Crp, Tsg, anti-tTG IgA 3. Endoscopie haute + basse vs capsule 4. Tentative d/c produits laitiers
47
Investigations diarrhée chronique
1. Anti-tTG IgA + PSA = la base Gold std steatorrhee: collecte selles 24h 2. Elastase fecale 3. Carotene srq, B12, Mg, Ca, B9, albumin, ferritine, fer, INR/PTT
48
Investigation suspicion mx chrohn
1. Colo+ biopsies 2. Ct/IRM enterographie 3. CRP (rps tx) Ddx: culture selle, toxine c diff,
49
Algorithme tx chron
Approche graduée 1. Nutrition, tx Sx (loperamide, tylenol) 2. 5-ASA (mesalamine), ATB (flagyl, Cipro) 3. Cortico (budesonide, pred) 4. Immunosuppression (azathioprine, 6-MP, MTX) 5. Immunomodulateurs (antago-TNF : infliximab, adalimumab) 6. Tx/chx experimentale
50
Tx colite ulcéreuse
1. Induction Remission - 5-ASA (mesalamine): topique vs PO - Cortico: PO, IV, suppositoire, topique - Immunosuppresseurs: si - pas rps cortico apres 3jr et mx severe - non-rps/dpdt aux stéroïdes 2. Maintenance - 5-ASA - Immunosuppresseurs (qd cortico retirés) 3. Chx - curatif! Colectomie + IPAA
51
Investigations IBS
Fsc Esr, CRP Anti-tTG Calprotectine fecale
52
Approche HDH
1. Resuscitation 2. TNG + NPO 3. Pre-scopie: IPP IV, octreotide 50 mcg puis 50 mcg/h, erythromycine IV 4. OGD
53
Tx overdose acetaminophen
1. Lavage gastrique (<2h post-ingestion) 2. Charcoal activé PO 3. N-acetylcysteine (NAC, mucomyst) Appeller centre desintox
54
Investigation foie alccolique
1. Ast/alt > 2 Augm GGT et CDT 2. FSC: augm MCV, Gb 3. U/S
55
Tx foie alcoolique
Guider tx selon score de Maddrey et MELD - d/c ROH et Protection sevrage (bzp) - supplements dont B1 - Pred 40 mg x28 jr si ictère + MADDREY >32 (CI: HD, pancréatite, IR, infection) * * eviter Rx métabolisés par foie
56
Investigations NASH
1. AST/ALT <1, +_ ALP 2. U/S: foie echogene 3. Biopsie hepatique
57
Tx NASH
1. Perte poids progressive 2. Controle comorbidités: optimiser tx HTA, DLP, Db 3. Vit E 800 U po die
58
Plan cirrhose
1. Tx causal 2. Tx complications 3. Prevention complications - Vo/G: BB - CHC: alpha-foetoprot + U/S q6m - Vaccin: VHA, VHB, grippe, anti-pneumocoque 4. Transplant: CHILD C, complication refractaire tx médicale
59
Ddx infections secondaires morsures de chat
``` Cellulite à progression rapide Ostéomyélite Tenosynovite Arthrite septique Rares: bactériémie, sepsis, peritonie ```
60
Tx infection 2r morsure de chat
1. Clavulin 500 mg po q 8h ou 875 mg q 12h 2. PNC 500 mg po ou iv 3. Cipro 500 mg po bid Levo 400 mg po die **infection grave -> IV +- vaccin tetanos + rage!!
61
Indication antibioprophylaxie
1. Trauma severe 2. Crush injury 3. Pénétration osseuse ou articulaire 4. Morsures main/visage/organes genitaux 5. Hôtes immunosupprimés *mm ATB que tx x7jr +- vaccin tetanos + rage
62
ATB empirique + germes meningite <1 ans
- S. Agalactiae, E. Coli, Listeria, K. Pneumoniae | - ATB empirique: Ampicilline + cephalo 3G ou Ampic + aminoglycoside
63
ATB empirique + germes meningite 1-23 mois
- germes: S. Pneumo, N. meningitidis, H. Influenza, E. Coli - Vanco + cephalo 3G ** donner vanco avant decadron!!
64
ATB empirique + germes meningite 2-50 ans
- Germes: S. Pneumo, N. meningitidis - ATB: Vanco + cephalo 3G ** donner vanco avant decadron!!
65
ATB empirique + germes meningite >50 ans
- Germes: S. Pneumo, N. meningitidis, Listeria - Vanco + Cephalo 3G + ampicilline ** donner vanco avant decadron!!
66
PAC tx empirique du patient hospitalisé
Fluoroquinolone respiratoire ou beta-lactam + macrolide
67
Tx pneumonie a legionella
Fluoroquinolone ou macrolide - levo 750 mg po x10 jr - moxi 400mg po x 10 jr - azithro 500 mg IV/PO x7-10 jr (ou clarithro) - Rifampin (alt peu utilisér)
68
Maladie à toujours exclure lors d'un retour de voyage
- Entérite bactérienne - Dingue - Malaria - Fièvre typhoïde
69
Bilan retour de voyage et sx GI
- FSC + biochimie - Hemoc - Frottis malarique + detection d'Ag - Recherche parasites dans les selles - Recherche C diff dans selles (si a pris ATB) - Culture selles - Echo abdo
70
Tx empyeme
ATB x 4-6 sem + drainage complete c tube thoracique - si loculé -> drainage chx
71
Tx Pneumothorax
Petit (<20% + pas d'insuf circ/resp): atoresolutif, O2 100% accelere Spontané: tube intercostal c tube Heimlich Large/mx pulmo ssjac: tube avec succion ss H2O
72
Tx ARDS
1. Tx causal 2. Ventilation Mecanique: + petit VC (<6mL/Kg), utiliser peep optimal 3. Dc faible: fluide, inotrope
73
Tx apnée sommeil
1. Facteurs modifiables: perte poids, dim ROH/sedatif, décongestionnant nasal, tx cdtn med ssjac 2. ASO: CPAP nasal, tx postural, application bucodent, amygdalectomie, uvopalatopharyngoplastie 3. ASC: CPAP/BIPAP nasal, stim respi
74
Mc + Tx insuffisance respiratoire
Mc: hypoO2, hyperCO2 Tx: causal, ventilation mécanique, O2
75
MC et Tx insuffisance cardiaque aigue
Mc: HypoTA, oligurie, AEC, arythmie, hypoxie Tx: causal, resuscitation volumique, vasopresseur, inotrope, pompe ballon intra-aortique
76
Mc et tx coagulopathie (contexte organ failure)
Mc: augm INR/PTT, hypoPLT, saignement, ecchymoses Tx: causal, transfusion prod sgn/fctr coag
77
Mc et Tx insuffisance hépatique aigue
Mc: transaminite, augm bili, coagulopathie, ictère, AEC (encéphalopathie), hypoglycémie Tx: causal, transplant, lactulose
78
Mc et Tx IRA
Mc: augm creat, oligurie, signes surcharge volemique (icc, effusion) Tx: causal, corriger anomalies electrolytiques, éliminer toxines, diurétiques, dialyses
79
Choc vs sirs vs sepsis
Choc: inadequate tissue perfusion potentially resulting in end organ injury Sepsis: infection + SIRS SIRS: generalized inflammatory reaction caused by infectious/non-inf entities, w/ >2 - T >38 orb<36 - Fc >90 - RR > 20 or PaCO2 <32 mmhg - Gb >12 or <4 000 or >10% bands
80
Sepsis vs severe sepsis vs septic shock vs syndrome dysfctn multiorg
Sepsis: infection + SIRS Severe sepsis: sepsis c dysfctn organique/hypoperfusion/hypoTA Shock septique: sepsis c hypoTA malgré resuscitation liquidienne SDM: sepsis+ alteration fctn organique où homéostasie ne peut pas être maintenue sans intervention
81
EARLY GOAL DIRECTED THERAPY (sepsis)
1. Ajuster precharge/postcharge cardiaque et contractilité pr rencontrer demande 2. Si critères SIRS et TA <90 mm hg ou lactate >4 - O2 +_ intubation et ventilation mecanique - Kt arteriel/vnx central - garde PVC 8-12 mmhg c crystalloids/colloids IV - MAP 65-90 mmhg c agents VC - si ScvO2 <70% => tranfusion ad Hct >30%, si pas amélioré => agents inotropes ***debuter en <6h qd reconnait sepsis
82
Tx pharmaco arrêt tabac
1. Support social/communautaire 2. TRN: dim cravings et sx sevrage, CI: post-IM/angine progressive/arythmie sérieuse 3. AD - Bupropion (Zyban): aussi efficace que TRN, CI: dim seuil convulsif - Varenicline (Champix): ago partiel rcptr nicotinique (dim craving) et antago competitif partiel rcptr nicotinique (dim rps nicotine fumée), plus efficace, CI: IRC, cdtn psyc
83
Tx rhinite allergique
1. Conservateur: eviter expo, sinus rince 2. Pharmaco - antihistaminiques PO: 1ere ligne sx leger (Reactine, Allegra, Claritin) - CIN: si mod/sev ou sx persistent -> utiliser >1 mo pr résultat - Decongestionants IN: max 5 jrs (ES rhinite medicamentosa) 3. Test allergie si sev/mal contrôlé - immunotx
84
Goals tx Db
1. Eviter complications 2. GS a jeun: 4-7 mm/L Vs 2h post-prandial: 5-10 si HbA1C N vs 5-8 si HbA1C aN 3. HbA1C: <7% ou <6.5 si risque nephropathie, Si page/comorb avancees/hypoglycémie sévère ou non senties: 7.1-8.5% 4. TA <130/80 5. LDL <2.0 wt Tg <1.5
85
Tx DE
1. Nonpharm: HDV (ROH, tabac, exercice), counselling, vacuum devices 2. Pharm: PO (inh PDE-5, bloqueur alpha-adr, trazodone, testo (si hypogonadisme)), suppositoire, MUSE, injections 3. Chzx: implant, reparation vasc, realignement
86
Tx aigue migraine
1re ligne: acetaminophen, AINS, ASA +_ caffeine 2e ligne: AINS 3e ligne: ago 5-HT +_ antiémétique
87
Tx prophylactique migraine
1er ligne: BB 2e ligne: TCA 3e ligne: anticonvulsivant
88
Tx aigue cluster headache
Sumatriptan Dihydroergotamine High-flow O2 Lidocaine intranasale
89
Tx prophylactique cluster headache
Carbonate de lithium, prednisone, methysergide
90
Tx HTA
1. HDV: DASH diet, 1.5-2.3g Na die, 30-60 min ex 4-7x/sem, d-c tabac, controle stress, <2 cons ROH die, IMC N et circonference N, 2. Pharm: choix anti-HTA selon autres patho ss jacents, loi 10:5, ABCS
91
Reconnaitre HTA MALIGNE
Encephalopathie Ira Papilloedeme
92
Reconnaitre urgence HTA
Atteinte coeur: OAP, SCA Atteinte vasc: dissection Atteinte neuro: hemorragie IC
93
Tx urgence vs poussée hypertensive
Poussée = PO vs Urgence = IV Tx poussée: labetalol #1, clonidine, captopril, BCC
94
Investigations osteomyelitis
Fsc, Vs, CRP Hemoc Rx (normal 2 premiere sem) Ct scan/IRM/Scan os
95
Tx osteomyelitis
1. ATB IV empirique: Cefazoline/Cloxa - > ajuster selon culture 2. +- irrigation + debridement chir 3. Splint + no weight bearing
96
Tx pied perforant diabetique
ATB: clinda + cipro ou tazocin +_ vanco (si SARM) | + debridement agressif