Planning and Scheduling

Question 1

is the process of identifying all the activities necessary to successfully complete the project.

Answer 1

Project Planning

Question 2

in general, can best be described as the function of
selecting the enterprise objectives and establishing the policies,
procedures, and programs necessary for achieving them.

Answer 2

Planning

Question 3

is the process of determining the sequential
order of the planned activities, assigning realistic durations to
each activity, and determining the start and finish dates for each
activity

Answer 3

Project Scheduling

Question 4

is a document that provides the reasoning why a project should be initiated. Historically, _________ were small
documents or presentations and the decision to initiate the
project was based upon the rank of the person making the
request.

Answer 4

business cases

Question 5

Identifies the gap that currently exists and the need for investment

Answer 5

The business need

Question 6

Identifies how the project is linked to strategic business objectives

Answer 6

Opportunity options

Question 7

Identifies the value/benefits (rather than products or deliverables) that can be obtained whether they ae cost savings, additional profits, or opportunities.

Answer 7

Benefit realization Plan

Question 8

This identifies all of the assumptions that are made to justify
the project.

Answer 8

Assumptions made:

Question 9

This identifies the high-level or strategic objectives for the
project.

Answer 9

High-level objectives:

Question 10

This identifies what techniques should be used
for evaluation such as a benefit-to-cost ratio, cash flow considerations, strategic
options, opportunity costs, return on investment, net present value, and risks.

Answer 10

Recommendation for evaluation:

Question 11

This identifies the financial and nonfinancial metrics that will be
used to track the performance of the project.

Answer 11

Project metrics:

Question 12

This identifies the cancellation criteria to be used to cancel the
project if necessary.

Answer 12

Exit strategies:

Question 13

This helps the decision makers evaluate the project by listing briefly
the business, legal, technical, and other risks of the project.

Answer 13

Project risks:

Question 14

his identifies how complex the project might be, perhaps
even from arisk perspective, if the organization can manage the complexity, and if
it can be done with existing technology.

Answer 14

Project complexity:

Question 15

This identifies the human and nonhuman resources needed.

Answer 15

Resources needed:

Question 16

This identifies the major milestones for the project.

Answer 16

Timing

Question 17

This identifies and legal requirements that must be followed.

Answer 17

legal requirements

Question 18

Over the life of a project, there
can be a change in leadership. Executives that originally crafted the project may
have passed it along to others who either have a tough time understanding the benefits, are unwilling to provide the same level of commitment, or see other projects
as providing more important benefits.

Answer 18

Changes in business owner or executive leadership:

Question 19

Based upon the length of the project, the assumptions
can and most likely will change, especially those related to enterprise environmental factors. Tracking metrics must be established to make sure that the original
or changing assumptions are still aligned with the expected benefits.

Answer 19

Changes in assumptions:

Question 20

Changes in market conditions (1.e., markets served and
consumer behavior) or risks can induce changes in the constraints. Companies
may approve scope changes to take advantage of additional opportunities or reduce
funding based upon cash flow restrictions. Metrics must also track for changes in
the constraints.

Answer 20

Changes in constraints:

Question 21

The availability or loss of resources with the necessary critical skills is always an issue and can impact benefits if a breakthrough in
technology is needed to achieve the benefits or to find a better technical approach
with less risk.

Answer 21

Changes in resource availability:

Question 22

__________begins with an understanding of the requirements, constraints,
and assumptions

Answer 22

Planning

Question 23

_____________is based upon the expectation that
future results can be extrapolated from past experiences. If experience is
lacking or if extrapolation will generate misleading information, then
assumptions must be made to predict future outcomes

Answer 23

Project planning

Question 24

These are assumptions about external environmental conditions that can affect the success of the project, such as interest rates,
market conditions, changing customer demands and requirements, customer involvement, changes in technology, political climate, and even government policies.

Answer 24

Enterprise Environmental Factors:

Question 25

These are assumptions about present and future company assets that can impact the success of the project, such as the capability of your project management methodology, the project management information system, forms, templates, guidelines, checklists, the ability to capture and use lessons learned data and best practices, resource availability, and skill level.

Answer 25

Organizational Process Assets:

Question 26

The two most common categories

Answer 26

explicit and implicit assumptions, critical and noncritical assumptions.

Question 27

__________ assumptions are also referred to as primary and secondary assumptions. These two categories of assumptions are not mutually exclusive.

Answer 27

Critical and noncritical

Question 28

Documenting ___________ is necessary in order to track the changes.

Answer 28

assumptions

Question 29

Objectives are described in specific terms, are measureable, and are attainable and action-oriented, realistic, and bound by time.

Answer 29

Objectives

Question 30

_________ and _____________ objectives are essential so that the project team will know when the project is over.

Answer 30

Clearly written and well-understood

Question 31

Untortunately the _________-are usually imposed upon the project manager, rather than having the project manager assigned early enough so as to participate in the establishment of the objectives.

Answer 31

objectives

Question 32

a goal, target, or quota to be achieved by a certain time

Answer 32

Objective

Question 33

the strategy to be followed and major actions to be taken in order to achieve or exceed objectives

Answer 33

Program

Question 34

a plan showing when individual or group activities or accomplishments will be started and/or completed

Answer 34

Schedule

Question 35

planned expenditures required to achieve or exceed objectives

Answer 35

Budget:

Question 36

a projection of what will happen by a certain time

Answer 36

Forecast

Question 37

a general guide for decision making and individual actions

Answer 37

Policy

Question 38

design of the number and kinds of positions, along with corresponding duties and responsibilities, required to achieve or exceed objectives

Answer 38

Organization

Question 39

a detailed method for carrying out a policy

Answer 39

. Procedure:

Question 40

a level of individual or group performance defined as adequate or acceptable

Answer 40

Standard

Question 41

In planning a project, the project manager must structure the work into small elements that are:

Answer 41

- Manageable - Independent - Integratable - Measurable

Question 42

______________ is a product-oriented family tree subdivision of the hardware, services, and data required to produce the end product.

Answer 42

A work breakdown structure (WBS)

Question 43

___________- is the single most important element because it provides a common framework

Answer 43

The WBS

Question 44

Project title and number Project objectives and scope Project organizational chart

Answer 44

Directory

Question 45

Detailed listing of tasks Grouping of tasks Work packages

Answer 45

Task

Question 46

Sequencing and interdependenciesof tasks Anticipated duration of each task Calendar start and finish dates of tasks

Answer 46

Schedule

Question 47

Labor-hours and cost of staff for each task Other expenses anticipated for each task Billing approach and anticipated revenue by month

Answer 47

Budget

Question 48

Accomplishment of tasks Completion of work packages Number of drawings produced

Answer 48

Measurement

Question 49

_____________- is the general name given to certain specific techniques which can be used for the planning, management and control of projects.

Answer 49

Network analysis

Question 50

Developed to manage the Polaris missile project Many tasks pushed the boundaries of science & engineering (tasks’ duration = probabilistic)

Answer 50

Program Evaluation & Review Technique (PERT):

Question 51

Developed to coordinate maintenance projects in the chemical industry » A complex undertaking, but individual tasks are routine (tasks’ duration = deterministic)

Answer 51

Critical Path Method (CPM):

Question 52

_______- was developed by _______ and the emphasis was on the trade-off between the cost of the project and its overall completion time

Answer 52

CPM, Du Pont for chemical plants

Question 53

_______ was developed by the _________ for the planning and control of the __________ program and the emphasis was on completing the program in the shortest possible time. In addition PERT had the ability to cope with uncertain activity completion times

Answer 53

PERT, US Navy, Polaris missile

Question 54

In _____ activities are shown as a network of precedence relationships using activity-on-node network construction

Answer 54

CPM

Question 55

___________ are quite commonly used. They provide an easy graphical representation of when activities (might) take place.

Answer 55

Gantt charts

Question 56

These deficiencies can be eliminated to a large extent by showing the interdependence of various activities by means of connecting arrows called ___________

Answer 56

network technique.

Question 57

◼ Graphically display the precedence relationships & sequence of activities ◼ Estimate the project’s duration ◼ Identify critical activities that cannot be delayed without delaying the project ◼ Estimate the amount of slack associated with non-critical activities

Answer 57

PERT-CPM

Question 58

An ________ leads from tail to head directionally ◼ Indicate _________, a time consuming effort that is required to perform a part of the work.

Answer 58

arrow, ACTIVITY

Question 59

A _____ is represented by a circle - Indicate_________, a point in time where one or more activities start and/or finish

Answer 59

node, EVENT

Question 60

A completion of an activity is represented by a node

Answer 60

Activity on Node

Question 61

- An arrow represents a task, while a node is the completion of a task - Arrows represent order of events

Answer 61

Activity on Arrow

Question 62

o Graphical portrayal of activities and event o Shows dependency relationships between tasks/activities in a project o Clearly shows tasks that must precede (precedence) or follow (succeeding) other tasks in a logical manner o Clear representation of plan - a powerful tool for planning and controlling project

Answer 62

NETWORK

Question 63

any portions of project (tasks) which required by project, uses up resource and consumes time — may involve labor, paper work, contractual negotiations, machinery operations Activity on Arrow (AOA) showed as arrow, AON — Activity on Node

Answer 63

Activity

Question 64

beginning or ending points of one or more activities, instantaneous point in time, also called ‘nodes’

Answer 64

Event

Question 65

Combination of all project activities and the events

Answer 65

Network

Question 66

Construction of network should be based on ______ or __________ dependencies among activities

Answer 66

logical or technical

Question 67

____________ for a particular activity are the activities that, when completed, enable the start of the activity in question.

Answer 67

Immediate predecessors

Question 68

________ indicate project activities

Answer 68

Arcs

Question 69

________ correspond to the beginning and ending of activities

Answer 69

Nodes

Question 70

___________is used to identify precedence relationships correctly and to eliminate possible confusion of two or more activities having the same starting and ending nodes

Answer 70

*Dummy activities

Question 71

Dummy activities have no resources (time, labor, machinery, etc) - purpose is to _________of the network

Answer 71

PRESERVE LOGIC

Question 72

- When TWO or MORE activities START and END at the same NODES. - When TWO or MORE activities share the same precedence activity but not all precedence are shared.

Answer 72

Dummy

Question 73

The performance of a task required to complete the project, such as, design of foundations, review of design, procure steel contracts, or form concrete columns. An activity requires time, cost, or both time and cost.

Answer 73

Activity

Question 74

A diagram to represent the relationship of activities to complete the project. The network may be drawn as either an “arrow diagram” or a "precedence diagram."

Answer 74

Network

Question 75

The estimated time required to perform an activity. The time should include all resources that are assigned to the activity.

Answer 75

Duration (D)

Question 76

The earliest time an activity can be started.

Answer 76

Early Start (ES)

Question 77

The earliest time an activity canbe finished and is equal to the early start plus the duration.

Answer 77

Early Finish (EF)

Question 78

The latesttime an activity can be finished.

Answer 78

Late Finish(LF)

Question 79

The latest time an activity can be started without delaying the completion date of the project.

Answer 79

Late Start((LS)

Question 80

The amount of time an activity may be delayed without delaying the completion date of the project.

Answer 80

Total Float (TF)

Question 81

The amount of time an activity may be delayed without delaying the early Start time of the immediately following activity.

Answer 81

Free Float(FF)

Question 82

Aseries of interconnected activities through the network diagram, with each activity having zero, free and total float time. The critical path determines the minimum time to complete the project.

Answer 82

Critical Path

Question 83

An activity (represented by a dotted line on the arrow network diagram) that indicates that any activity following the dummy cannot be started until the activity or activities preceding the dummy are completed. The dummy does not require any time.

Answer 83

Dummy Activity