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Biology > Plant Organisation > Flashcards

Plant Organisation Flashcards

1
Q

What is the main role of plant stems and roots? - Transport

A

For transporting substances throughout the plant

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2
Q

What do xylem tissues transport? - Transport

A

Water + mineral ions

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3
Q

What do phloem tissues transport? - Transport

A

Sugars and proteins dissolved in water

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4
Q

Name 2 ways plant leaves are adapted for photosynthesis - Plants

A

Large surface area - provides max absorption of light + CO2

Air spaces between cells - allows easier diffusion of gases

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5
Q

How is the palisade mesophyll adapted to absorb light? - Plants

A

Packed with chloroplasts
Cells arranged closely together
Towards the leaf’s upper surface to increase exposure to light

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6
Q

How is the spongy mesophyll adapted for gas exchange? - Plants

A

Loosely packed to increase space for gaseous exchange

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7
Q

Which direction do xylem transport substances? - Plants

A

Upwards

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8
Q

How are xylem tissues specialised? - Plants

A

They have no end walls, meaning there is a continuous stream of transport
Strengthened by a chemical called lignin, meaning the plant had support

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9
Q

Which direction do phloem tissues move substances? - Plants

A

Upwards and downwards

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10
Q

What is the movement of substances in phloem tissues called? - Plants

A

Translocation

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11
Q

Does the movement of substances in phloem cells require energy? - Plants

A

Yes, it’s done by active transport

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12
Q

Does the movement of substances in xylem cells require energy? - Plants

A

No, it is done by diffusion

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13
Q

What is transpiration? - Plants

A

The loss of water from plant leaves by evaporation through an open stomata

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14
Q

How is water lost through transpiration replaced? - Plants

A

Water is drawn from xylem cells to replace lost water

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15
Q

Name 3 purposes of water for plants - Plants

A

Used as water for photosynthesis
Transports mineral ions
Keeps the cell turgid
Cools the leaf as water evaporates

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16
Q

How does water enter root hair cells (through what process?) - Plants

A

Osmosis

17
Q

What is the purpose of root hair cells? - Plants

A

To absorb water and mineral ions from the soil

18
Q

How does temperature affect the rate of transpiration? - Plants

A

Temperature increases the rate of transpiration as it increases the rate of evaporation from cell surfaces. Rate of diffusion is increased

19
Q

How does humidity affect the rate of transpiration? - Plants

A

Humidity decreases the rate of transpiration as it reduces the concentration of water molecules outside the leaf, meaning rate of diffusion from leaf increases

20
Q

How does air movement affect transpiration? - Plants

A

Increases the rate of transpiration as it removes water vapour from leaf surfaces, meaning more water diffuses from the leaf

21
Q

How does light intensity affect transpiration? - Plants

A

An increase of LI increases transpiration as it increases the rate of photosynthesis, meaning the stomata is open and water diffuses from the leaf

22
Q

How can you measure the rate of transpiration with a simple method? - Plants

A

Measure the mass of leaves before changing temperatures, suspend them under new temperature and then after a set period of time remeasure the mass

23
Q

What can potometers be used to measure? - Plants

A

The uptake of water by a plant’s roots

24
Q

How can potometers be used? - Plants

A

Fill a potometer with water, placing it and a woody plant under water to ensure its xylem is full of water. Insert the plant into the potometer. Measure how an air bubble moves up the potometer over time

25
Q

What is the unit of measurement for the rate of water uptake? - Plants

A

mm/minute

26
Q

How do scientists test how environmental factors affect the rate of the uptake of water? + give examples - Plants

A

Create artificial scenarios
Air movement - fan
High light intensity - SAD Lamps
High temperatures - heaters or greenhouse

27
Q

Name 1 method which can be used to sample numbers of stomata - Plants

A

Paint the surface of the leaf with clear nail varnish
Allow it to dry
Peel off the nail varnish
Place on a dry microscope slide + examine

28
Q

How is glucose used in plants?

A

Used to make complex carbohydrates like cellulose for cell walls

29
Q

How is glucose stored?

A

Converted into starch as starch isn’t soluble in water and doesn’t have an effect on the water balance of the plant

30
Q

How is glucose made?

A

Through photosynthesis-

Carbon dioxide (6CO2) + water (6H2O) ———> glucose (C6H12O6) + oxygen (6O2)

31
Q

What is the photosynthesis balanced equation?

A

6CO2+6H2O———>C6H12O6+6O2

32
Q

What is the unbalanced photosynthesis equation?

A

CO2+H2O———>C6H12O6+O2

Biology (7 decks)

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