PML 4 Ecological approach

Question 1

Ecological approach

Answer 1

perception and action are direct
- no internal representations/process needed
- information is meaningfull

Question 2

How is information called in the ecological approach

Answer 2

As structed patterns of energy. structered by objects, events and places

Question 3

What’s perceived in the environment?

Answer 3

Affordances

Question 4

Specifity of information (2)

Answer 4

• environment specifies information
• information specifies perception

Question 5

Time-to-contact

Answer 5

relation between observer and environment (/object)

Question 6

Law of control

Answer 6

how information and movement are coupled

Question 7

when do you set up a law of control?

Answer 7

Producing an action implies to start a law of control. a lawful coupling between movement and information

Question 8

Affordance

Answer 8

opportunities that the environment offers to an observer for action

Question 9

What is the process of learning in the ecological approach?

Answer 9

Discovering the affordance. Creating a information-movement coupling, so set up a law of control

Question 10

Education of attention/attunement

Answer 10

converge from non-specifying varbiable to specifying variables. (change in information use)

Question 11

Calibration

Answer 11

the relation between movement and information variables changes with learning

Question 12

video occlusion paradigm

Answer 12

Indicates education of attention, use of different information depending on the skill level

experts use early information from the opponent’s movement. beginners rely on ball flight.

Question 13

In situ

Answer 13

study performed in a representative situation. real action is performed

Question 14

4 reasons why video training does not improve expertise

Answer 14

1. no direct link/relation between perception and action
2. no information on ball flight
3. doesn’t engage the dorsal system
4. minimum variablity in the stimuli present

Question 15

Ventral system

Answer 15

perceiving the affordance

Question 16

Dorsal system

Answer 16

control the movement to realise the affordance

Question 17

education of attention

Answer 17

improve the precision of behavior by specifying the information in the environment and couple this to movement

Question 18

specifying variables

Answer 18

informs perfect about the environment

Question 19

non-specifying variables

Answer 19

not specific

Question 20

What is perception of affordance?

Answer 20

The pick up for information

Question 21

Benefits of the external focus of attention

Answer 21

• the information is available in the relation between organism-environment
• focus is outward so that supports the focus of information-movement couplings and thus performance

Question 22

Perception in the ecological approach is direct or indirect?

Answer 22

direct

Question 23

convergence

Answer 23

change from less usefull to more usefull information variables