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PMLS > PMLS LESSON 8 book > Flashcards

PMLS LESSON 8 book Flashcards

1
Q

is the process of cleansing an object or substance to remove containments such as microorganisms or hazardous materials.

A

decontamination

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2
Q

is to reduce the level of microbial contamination so that transmission is eliminated

A

primary objective of decontamination

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3
Q

primary objective of decontamination?

A

is to reduce the level of microbial contamination so that transmission is eliminated

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4
Q

when do you Deconntaminate equipment and work surfaces routine?

A

after spills or contamination, when work is finished, when removing equipment from the lab, before disposing or reusing potentially infectious materials, “Dusting”

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5
Q

a process that completely eliminates all viable microorganisms, including the most resistant forms.

A

Sterilization

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6
Q

the definition is categorical and absolute- an item either is sterile or not

A

Sterilization

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7
Q

probability of a microorganism surviving on an item subjected to treatment is less than in one million

A

sterility assurance level

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8
Q

what is the probability of a microorganism surviving on an item subjected to treatment?

A

less than one in one million

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9
Q

generally a less lethal process than sterilization.

A

disinfection

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10
Q

it is the elimnation of nearly all recognized pathogenic microorganisms but not necessarily all microbial form on inanimate objects

A

disinfection

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11
Q

it is a system for classifying liquid chemical germicides and inanimate surfaces

A

Spauling classification

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12
Q

Who made Spaulding classification?When was it? And what is it about?

A

in 1972, Dr. Earl Spaulding it is a system for classifying liquid chemical germicides and inanimate surfaces

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13
Q

what are the spaulding classification?

A

critical, semi critical and non-critical

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14
Q

instruments or devices that are exposed to normally sterile areas of the body requires sterilization. what spaulding classification does this belong?

A

critical

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15
Q

instruments or devices that touch mucous membranes may be either sterilized or disinfected. What spaulding classification does it belong?

A

semi-critical

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16
Q

intruments or devices that touch skin or come into contact with persons only indirectly can be either cleaned and then disinfected with an intermediate-level disinfectant, sanitized with a low-level disinfectant or simply cleaned with soap and water. What spaulding classfication does it belong?

A

non-critical

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17
Q

How can non-critical of the spaulding classification be cleaned and disinfected?

A

interediate-level disinfectatnt, sanitized with a low-level disinfectant or simply clean with soap and water

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18
Q

how can critical of the spaulding classification be cleaned?

A

through sterilization

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19
Q

how can semi-critical of the spaulding classification be cleaned?

A

sterilization or disinfectant

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20
Q

what are the spaulding’s classification of chemical germicides by activitiy level?

A

High-level disinfection (Sporocides), intermediate-level disinfection (Tuberculocides), low-level disinfection (Hospital-grade disinfectant or sanitizers)

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21
Q

kills vegetative microorganisms and inactivates viruses, but not necessarily high numbers of bacterial spores. What classification of chemical germicides by activitiy level of spaulding does it belong?

A

High-level disinfection (sporocides)

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22
Q

as a disinfectant, it is used to for relatively short periods of time (10-30 minutes)What classification of chemical germicides by activitiy level of spaulding does it belong?

A

High-level disinfection (sporocides)

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23
Q

Capable of sterilization when the contact time is relatively love (6-10 hours). What classification of chemical germicides by activitiy level of spaulding does it belong?

A

High-level disinfection (sporocides)

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24
Q

A code in category A where it is for substances that cause disease in animals only

A

UN 2900

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25
Q

a code that refers for substances that cause disease in humans or in both humans and animals under category A

A

UN 2814

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26
Q

a product factor where it referes to some disinfectant may require specific storage conditions

A

proper storage conditions

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27
Q

a product factor where it refers to the frequency of application ensures lesser probability of contamination

A

rate of application

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28
Q

a product factor where it refers to wiping (physical), fumigation, soaking, heat

A

method of application

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29
Q

it Is under the product factor where it refers to some products may lose efficacy as it nears expiry

A

age of the product or solution

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30
Q

what are the product factors under the factors for disinfection?

A

age of the product or solution, method of application, rate of application , proper storage conditions

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31
Q

under the chemical disinfectant factor where it varies between disinfectants depending on how they eliminate microbes?

A

shelf life

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32
Q

under the chemical disinfectant factor where longer contact time allows for more microbes to be killed

A

contact time

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33
Q

under the chemical disinfectant where innate mechanism at which the disinfectant operates

A

potency

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34
Q

under the chemical disinfectant factor where generally, higher concentrations provide more potency

A

concentration

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35
Q

what are the chemical disinfectant factors?

A

concentration, potency, contact time and shelf-life

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36
Q

under the physical condition where it can affect the efficiency of gas based disinfectants depending on how they eliminate microbes

A

relative humidity

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37
Q

under the physical condition where it referes to the elevated temperature may enhance action of disinfectant but too high temp. promotes evaporation of liquid disinfectant

A

temperature

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38
Q

under the physical condition where it referes to the different surface types where it requires different decontamination procedures

A

medium being treated

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39
Q

what are the factros of physical conditions?

A

medium being treated, temperature and relative humidity

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40
Q

what are the factors of microbial conditions?

A

volume and concentration and innate resistance

41
Q

under the microvial condition where it refers to the microbes’ innat ability to resist the disinfecting agent’s mechanism of action

A

innate resistance

42
Q

it is under the microvial condition where greater microvial load requires increased volume or increased potency of disinfecting agent?

A

volume and concentration

43
Q

what are the factors affecting disinfection?

A

microbial conditions, physical condition, chemical disinfectant, product factors

44
Q

is typically used to reduce level of airborne microorganisms and maintain good air hygiene in air locks

A

UV radiation

45
Q

will destroy microorganisms but not a practical tool for lab use

A

ionizing radiation

46
Q

a process of dry heat where ionizing radion will destro microoganisms but is not a practical tool for lab use

A

radiation

47
Q

a controverisal practice due to environmental implication

A

incineration

48
Q

is the treatment of hoice for animal bedding, carcasses and pathological wastes but not plastics

A

incineration

49
Q

period of dry oven and temperature?

A

2 hours at 160 C 1 at 170 C

50
Q

relies on condiction to heat materials

A

dry oven

51
Q

used to sterilizae items that may be damaged by moist heat or that inpenetrable to moist heat?

A

dry heat

52
Q

containers of an autoclave material?

A

may be placed in polypropylene

53
Q

What can be autoclave?

A

pathogenic plant material, culture and stocks of infectious agnets, contaminated solids, discarded vaccines, glasswares and animal wastes

54
Q

what can’t be autoclave?

A

corrosive chemical, radioactive materials

55
Q

most dependable system available for decontamination of laboratory wastes and the sterilization of lab glassware, media and reagents

A

autoclaves

56
Q

what’s the autoclaves psi? and temp and time?

A

15 psi, 121 degrees celcius for 30-60 minutes time is dependent on the material to be sterilized

57
Q

refers to autoclaving or steam sterilization

A

wet heat

58
Q

Thermal agents is catageroized to?

A

wet and dry heat

59
Q

thermal agents is utilized in?

A

high temperature to kill microbes

60
Q

why is formaldehyde fatal?

A

ingestion of this chemical can be fatal and long term exposre to low levels in the air or the skin causes asthma-like respiratory problems

61
Q

it is a potential carcinogen

A

formaldehyde

62
Q

what is formaldehyde sold and used as? What is its weight?

A

formalin, 37% formaldehyde

63
Q

what is formaldehyde used as?

A

disinfectant and sterilant to both liquids and gases

64
Q

why is alcohol not recommended for sterilizing medical and surgical materials

A

lacks sporicidal properties and connot penetrate protein rich materials

65
Q

alcohol needs a long contact time for?

A

fungi and mycobacteria

66
Q

Alcohol has a short contact time for ?

A

bacteria and eveloped viruses

67
Q

alcohol destroys and but do not destroys?

A

tubverculocidal, fungicidal and viracidal, does not destroy bacterial spores

68
Q

alcohol is rather __________ than __________ against vegetative forms of bacteria

A

rapidly bacteriacidal than bacteriostatic

69
Q

what percentage is alcohol effetive?

A

70% in water of ethyl or isporpyl alcohol

70
Q

what does hypochlorite contains? And is most widely used of?

A

tuberculocidal, fungicidal and virucidal, most widely used of the chlorine disinfectant

71
Q

general name of hypochlorites?

A

sodium hypochlorite, 5.25%-6.15% sodium hypochlorite, household bleach

72
Q

what happens when hypochlorite solutions contact to formaldehyde?

A

carcinogen (bischloromethyl)

73
Q

dilution rate of hypochlorites?

A

1:10 dilution rate

74
Q

contact time of hypochlorites?

A

generally short contact time, requires long contact time for bacteria spores > or equal to 30 mins

75
Q

known as sodium hypochlorite, 5.25%-6.15% sodium hypochlorite, household bleach

A

hypochlorites

76
Q

contains bactericidal, tuberculocidal, fungicidal and virucidal properties

A

hypochlorites

77
Q

most widely used of the chlorine disinfectants

A

hypochlorites

78
Q

what are the types of chemical agents

A

hypochlorites, alcohol, formaldehyde

79
Q

what are the two types of decontaminating agents?

A

chemical agents and thermal agents

80
Q

poliovirus, coxsackievirus, rhinovirus. What descending order of resistance to germicidal chemicals does it belong?

A

nonlipid or small viruses

81
Q

Mycobacterium tuberculosis bar bocis, nontuberculous mycobacteria. What descending order of resistance to germicidal chemicals does it belong?

A

Mycobacteria

82
Q

Bacillius subtiis, clostridium sporogenes. What descending order of resistance to germicidal chemicals does it belong?

A

Bacterial spores

83
Q

trichophyton spp. Crypotococcus spp, candida spp. What descending order of resistance to germicidal chemicals does it belong?

A

Fungi

84
Q

psedomonas aeruginosa, staphylococcus aureus, salmonella chloraesuis, enterococci. What descending order of resistance to germicidal chemicals does it belong?

A

vegetative bacteria

85
Q

herpes simplex virus, CMV, respiratory syncytial virus, HBV, HCV, HIV, Hantavirus, ebola virus. What descending order of resistance to germicidal chemicals does it belong?

A

lipid-or medium size viruses

86
Q

in the descending order of resistance to germicidal chemical, what belonged to lipid or medium-size viruses

A

herpes simplex virus, CMV, respiratory syncytial virus, HBV, HCV, HIV, Hantavirus, ebola virus

87
Q

in the descending order of resistance to germicidal chemical, what belonged to vegetative bacteria

A

psedomonas aeruginosa, staphylococcus aureus, salmonella chloraesuis, enterococci

88
Q

in the descending order of resistance to germicidal chemical, what belonged to fungi?

A

trichophyton spp. Crypotococcus spp, candida spp.

89
Q

in the descending order of resistance to germicidal chemical, what belonged to nonlipid or small viruses

A

poliovirus, coxsackievirus, rhinovirus

90
Q

in the descending order of resistance to germicidal chemical, what belonged to mycobacteria

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis bar bocis, nontuberculous mycobacteria

91
Q

in the descending order of resistance to germicidal chemical, what belonged to bacterial spores

A

Bacillius subtiis, clostridium sporogenes

92
Q

What is the descending order of resistance to germicidal chemicals?

A

Bacterial spores, mycobacteria. Non-lipid or small viruses, fungi, vegetative bacteria, lipid or medium-size viruses

93
Q

kills vegetative microorganisms, including mycobacterium tuberculosis, all fungi and inactivates most viruses

A

Intermediate-level disinfection (Tuberculosides)

94
Q

disinfection of laboratory benches and as part of detergent germicides used for housekeeping purposes. What level of disinfection?

A

Intermediate-level disinfection (Tuberculosides)

95
Q

kills most vegetative bacteria except M. Tuberculosis, some fungi and inactivates some viruses. What level of disinfection?

A

low-level disinfection (Hospital-grade disinfectant or sanitizers)

96
Q

what are not killed in low-level disinfection?

A

M. Tuberculosis, some fungi and inactivates some viruses

97
Q

what are killed in intermediate-level disinfection (Tubculocides)

A

vegetative microorganisms, including mycobacterirum tuberculosis, all fungi, and inactivates most viruses

98
Q

what are killed in high-level disinfection (Sporocides)

A

kills vegetative microorganisms and inactivates viruses but not necessarily high numbers of bacterial spores.

PMLS (33 decks)

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